2020-03-21 Saturday: 11 Connections

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all classes.
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Homework: units 9-10 test
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p. 129 - What’s happening in the picture?
What is a “new” language in this context? Why do we put quotation marks around “discovered”?
- This is a word someone might use in this case, but it’s not really accurate. (The people who speak the language already knew about it, but linguists from the rest of the world only learned about it recently.)

Columbus “discovered” America. - This is what people conventionally say, but the people who already lived here knew about it before him.
I don’t really like “romantic” gifts like flowers. - Most people call them romantic, but the speaker doesn’t agree.
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Where else in the world might we find previously unknown languages or uncontacted people?
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p. 130 - Read “The last ‘uncontacted’ tribe”
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The letter ‘i’ in English is only pronounced like it is in “ski” when it’s at the end of a word, or when it’s in certain borrowed words.
- The rest of the time, it has the “long I” sound (the name of the letter) or the “short I” sound (the sound it makes in words like “big” and “give”).
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footage = video
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part 2 - What role did each of these organizations play in the story?
1 Funai released the photos.
2 Survival International said that the photos were genuine.
3 The Peruvian government said the photos were just a political strategy. Later they agreed to work with Brazil to stop illegal logging.
4 The BBC produced a documentary about the tribe.
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Grammar: reported speech
p. 131 part 5 - Which words are correct for the quoted speech?
1 is - At the time this was said, the threat was present.
2 Is
3 We
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Quoted or Direct Speech: include the exact words that someone said
	Mary said, “I don’t feel well today.”
Reported or Indirect Speech: report the information of what someone said
	Mary said (that) she didn’t feel well that day.
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In general, three things might have to change between quoted and reported speech:
personal pronouns: If the speaker said “I”, but someone else is reporting it, change to “he” or “she”
	These change depending on who spoke, who they were talking to/about, and who reports it.
“relative adverbs”: Words like “today”, “here”, “yesterday”, “this morning” have to change based on where and when the speech happened.
verb tenses: Most often, we report speech that happened in the (simple) past, which includes information relative to that past time.
	Quoted		Reported
	present		past
	(s/c/p)		(s/c/p)
	past			past perfect
	(s/c)			(or past perfect continuous)
	can			could
	may			might
	will			would
	could/might/would - no change
	past perfect - no change
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Relative adverbs also have a “typical” way they change:
	Quoted		Reported
	today			that day
	this morning		that morning
	this evening		that evening
	yesterday		the day before / the previous day
	last week		the week before / the previous week
	tomorrow		the next day / the following day
	next week		the next week / the following week
	3 days ago		3 days earlier
	in 2 weeks		2 weeks later
	here			there
	this			that
	these			those
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part 6 - Find six more examples of reported speech in the article, and change them to quoted speech.
1 David Hill explained, “My organization isn’t suggesting that the tribe has never had any contact with the outside world, but that they now live without it.”
2 The Peruvian government suggested, “The story is no more than a strategy by groups opposed to development of the area’s resources.”
3 Survival International said, “The images spread across the world within minutes.”
	(The spread was already finished when Survival International said this.)
4 A typical post asked, “Why has nobody done anything to save these tribes?”
	“Why hasn’t anybody done anything to save these tribes?”
5 The Peruvian government announced, “We will work with the Brazilian authorities to stop illegal logging in the area.”
6 A Funai spokesperson said later, “One image (has) had more impact than one thousand reports.”
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BREAK
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p. 131 exercise 8 - Decide who probably said each thing, and change the sentences from quoted speech to reported speech.
1 A Funai spokesperson said that they had taken the photos to show that those people existed.
2 An anonymous poster asked how many tribes like that there were.
	- This reported sentence is not a question, so it doesn’t need question word order.
3 A language expert explained that the term “uncontacted” was more of a media word than a scientific term.
	- We may not change the tense in this case because this fact remains true all the time.
4 An anonymous poster asked if/whether unseen tribes existed.
5 A Peruvian government official said that there was no evidence that they existed.
6 A Funai spokesperson said that if they didn’t save these tribes, this would happen to all of us.
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To report _____, use _____.
- statements…“that”
- information questions...same question word
- yes/no questions…“if”/“whether”
- imperatives/instructions...infinitive
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statements = I give you information.
questions = I want information from you.
imperatives = I want an action from you.
	- More generally, sentences instructing or requesting or offering an action use the infinitive.
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Vocabulary: communications technology
p. 132 part 1 - With a partner, complete the sentences with words from the box. Then ask your partner the questions.
1 Twitter
2 texting
3 Flickr/Twitter
4 broadband
5 Skype
6 tweet / blog / (an ebook)
broadband = a fast connection to the Internet
WiFi = a wireless connection between your device and the router
	(Each of them can exist without the other.)
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A Kindle is an ebook reader. You can have many different ebooks on one device.
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p. 133 part 5 - Listen to the conversations and choose the correct information.
In the 4 conversations, each verb is used to talk about an action. Some of them can also be used for information.
She asked me to clean the dishes. / She asked me where the keys were.
I reminded them to do their homework. / I reminded them that class was online.
They told workers not to come. / They told workers that they were closing for two weeks.
I promised to pay her back. / I promised that I would pay her back.
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I promised Marta, “I will pick up the dry-cleaning.”
I promised to pick up the dry-cleaning for Marta.
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part 11 - Use the same six verbs (ask/tell/remind/invite/promise/offer) to write reported sentences for each example using infinitives. (Use each verb once.)
1 Marta reminded Amy to turn off her cell phone.
2 Jose asked Marta to set up his email.
  (Jose asked Marta if she could set up his email. - This is also a correct sentence.)
3 Amy invited Jose to (come and) watch the movie on their new flat screen TV.
4 Marta told Amy to plug in the battery charger first.
5 Jose offered to upload those photos to the computer for Marta.
6 Amy promised to turn it off when she was done.
  (Amy promised Jose that she would turn it off when she was done. - This is also a correct sentence.)
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Homework: read p. 147, do parts 4, 5, and 6 on p. 146 (In part 6, I want you to choose exactly where each sentence could go. Between what other sentences?)
	Optional: Imagine and write a conversation between the weird politican and the aliens who meet him at the capitol from the listening on p. 133. (If you want, you can ask your host kids to help you come up with the conversation as an activity to prevent you from going crazy this week.)