Identify the following, and their role in the chapter:
a) Henry IV: King of France who set the stage for an absolutist monarch by creating a more stable France; however, he wasn’t really absolutist himself as he had to compromise on matters such as religion, shown in the Edict of Nantes.
b) Louis XIII: Next King of France that was acted oblivious to Richelieu’s policies that weakened noble power. Thus, nobles fought against each other and other social classes instead of against King Louis XIII. He moved France’s throne further towards having absolutist control.
c) Richelieu: A Cardinal that made largely increased Louis XIII’s power by reducing noble power through intendants, weaken Habsburg holdings, establish a more efficient bureaucracy, and limiting Huguenot influence.
d) Louis XIV: Scarred at a young age due to violence in France, he became the most absolutist monarch and longest reigning in European history, which was achieved largely through his palace at Versailles. He further weakened nobles by removing them from politics and their territories through making them stay at Versailles. Unsuccessfully attempted to conquer the Netherlands.
e) Mazarin: Cardinal Richelieu’s successor, Cardinal Mazarin was young King Louis XIV’s regent. He made France first place in Europe after overseeing the end of the 30 Years’ War. Also, his attempts to raise money through taxes led to the Fronde, during which he took many violent actions.
f) Colbert: Colbert was Louis XIV’s economic advisor who heavily believed in mercantilist theory. Thus, he improved transportation services (naval based) and promoted industry through subsidizing scientific research and older industries. He also streamlined the tax collection system and made lots more money to fund Louis XIV’s high spending.