#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <sstream>
#include <regex>

#ifdef __WIN32__
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#else
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#endif

#define PORT 8080
#define MAXLINE 1024

    using namespace std;

    /*
Spuštění aplikace
Použití: dns [-r] [-x] [-6] -s server [-p port] adresa

Pořadí parametrů je libovolné. Popis parametrů:
-r: Požadována rekurze (Recursion Desired = 1), jinak bez rekurze.
-x: Reverzní dotaz místo přímého.
-6: Dotaz typu AAAA místo výchozího A.
-s: IP adresa nebo doménové jméno serveru, kam se má zaslat dotaz.
-p port: Číslo portu, na který se má poslat dotaz, výchozí 53.
adresa: Dotazovaná adresa.
*/

    class DNS
    {
    public:
        string domainName;
        string IPaddress;

        void printname()
        {
            cout << "Domain name is: " << domainName << "\n";
        }
        void printIP()
        {
            cout << "IP address is: " << IPaddress << "\n";
        }
    };

    // GLOBAL VARIABLES
    DNS serverToBeAsked;
    int port = 53;     // Destination port, default value is 53
    bool ipv6 = false; // Flag IPV4/IPV6
    bool reversed = false;
    bool recursion = false;
    int mySocket;
    string askingFor;
    unsigned char outBuf[MAXLINE];
    unsigned char inBuf[65536], *qname, *reader;
    struct sockaddr_in to;
    struct sockaddr from;
    int globIndex;

    class Response
    {
        public:
            uint16_t QDCOUNT;
            uint16_t ANCOUNT;
            uint16_t NSCOUNT;
            uint16_t ARCOUNT;
            uint16_t AA; // Authoritative Answer
            uint16_t TC; // TrunCation
            uint16_t RA; // Recursion Available
            string QNAME; // name
            uint16_t QTYPE; // type
            uint16_t QCLASS; // class
            uint16_t responseEndIndex;

            void printEverything()
            {
                /**
                 * @brief Debugging function that prints raw information
                 * read from server answer packet.
                 */
                cout << "\n\n***RECEIVED INFORMATION***\n";
                cout << "Questions: " << QDCOUNT << "\n";
                cout << "Answer RRs: " << ANCOUNT << "\n";
                cout << "Authority RRs: " << NSCOUNT << "\n";
                cout << "Additional RRs: " << ARCOUNT << "\n";
                cout << "Authoritative Answer: " << AA << "\n";
                cout << "Truncation: " << TC << "\n";
                cout << "Recursion Available: " << RA << "\n";
                cout << "Queries - Name: " << QNAME << "\n";
                cout << "Queries - Type: " << QTYPE << "\n";
                cout << "Queries - Class: " << QCLASS << "\n";
                cout << "\n\n\n";
            }

            void printNicely()
            {
                /**
                 * @brief Printing nicely formatted information.
                 */
                string a,b;
                a = (this->AA == 1) ? "Yes, " : "No, ";
                cout << "Authoritative: " << a;
                a = (this->RA == 1) ? "Yes, " : "No, ";
                cout << "Recursive: " << a;
                a = (this->TC == 1) ? "Yes, " : "No\n";
                cout << "Truncated: " << a;

                cout << "Question section(" << this->QDCOUNT << ")\n";
                a = (this->QTYPE == 1) ? "A" : "?";;
                b = (this->QCLASS == 1) ? "IN" : "?";

                cout << "  " << this->QNAME << ", " << a << ", " << b << "\n";
                //A IN
                cout << "Answer section(" << this->ANCOUNT << ")\n";
                cout << "Authority section(" << this->NSCOUNT << ")\n";
                cout << "Additional section(" << this->ARCOUNT << ")\n";
            }

                int decodeDomainName(unsigned char *s)
                {
                    /**
                 * @brief Function gets a pointer to unsigned char array (outBuf) where
                 * domain name begins (format '0x03'www'0x06'google'0x03'com'0x00'), reads the first
                 * char as int to know the length of the following label, stores the
                 * value, decrements that in each step. Reaching 0 indicates another
                 * char representing following label length. Finally fills the Response attribute QNAME.
                 * @param1 Pointer to received unsigned char array, where queried domain name begins
                 * @return Lenght of the domain name in bytes
                 */
                    string domainName;
                    unsigned char *t;
                    int labelLen = (int)s[0]; // Means the lenght of the first label
                    int domainLegth = 1;

                    for (t = ++s; *t != '\0'; t++)
                    {
                        domainLegth++;
                        if (labelLen == 0)
                        {
                            labelLen = (int)t[0];
                            domainName += '.';
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            //cout << t[0] << labelLen << "\n";
                            domainName += t[0];
                            labelLen--;
                        }
                    }
                    this->QNAME = domainName;
                    return (domainLegth + 1); // '\n' counts as well
            }
    };
    Response r;

    class Resource
    {
        public:
            string NAME;
            string TYPE;
            string CLASS;
            uint32_t TTL;
            uint32_t RDLENGTH;
            string IP;


            int decodeDomainName(unsigned char *s)
            {
                /**
                 * @brief Function gets a pointer to unsigned char array (outBuf) where
                 * domain name begins (format '0x03'www'0x06'google'0x03'com'0x00'), reads the first
                 * char as int to know the length of the following label, stores the
                 * value, decrements that in each step. Reaching 0 indicates another
                 * char representing following label length. Finally fills the Response attribute QNAME.
                 * @param1 Pointer to received unsigned char array, where queried domain name begins
                 * @return Lenght of the domain name in bytes
                 */
                string domainName;
                unsigned char *t;
                int labelLen = (int)s[0]; // Means the lenght of the first label
                int domainLegth = 1;

                for (t = ++s; *t != '\0'; t++)
                {
                    if ((((uint16_t)*t) & 0b11000000) == 192) // 0xC0 is a pointer
                    {
                        this->NAME = (domainName + '.');
                        uint16_t offset = (uint8_t)*t;
                        offset = (offset << sizeof((uint8_t)*t) & 0b00111111);
                        t++;
                        offset |= (uint8_t)*t;
                        this->decodeDomainName(&outBuf[offset]);
                        cout << "delka pri >><*<" << (domainLegth) << "\n";
                        //globIndex =  domainLegth;
                        return domainLegth;
                    }
                    domainLegth++;
                    if (labelLen == 0)
                    {
                        labelLen = (int)t[0];
                        domainName += '.';
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //cout << t[0] << labelLen << "\n";
                        domainName += t[0];
                        labelLen--;
                    }
                }
                this->NAME += domainName;
                return (domainLegth + 1); // '\n' counts as well
            }

            void hello(){
                cout << "   " << this->NAME << ", ";
                cout << this->TYPE << ", ";
                cout << this->CLASS << ", ";
                cout << this->TTL << ", ";
                cout << this->IP << "\n";
            }

            void handleResource(){
                unsigned char check = outBuf[globIndex];
                uint16_t offset;
                int rsrcLen;

                /* Name *B */
                // Check whether name is a pointer. Its truth when 2 leftmost bits are set to '1'.
                if ((check & (1 << 7)) && (check & (1 << 6))) // Its a pointer
                {
                    // The rest of the bits in the 2B block define an offset from the beggining on the response
                    offset = outBuf[globIndex];
                    offset = (offset << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) & 0b00111111) | outBuf[globIndex + 1];
                    this->decodeDomainName(&outBuf[offset]);
                    rsrcLen = 2;
                }
                else
                { // Its a domain name. TODO: • a sequence of labels ending with a pointer
                    rsrcLen = this->decodeDomainName(&outBuf[globIndex]);
                }

                /* Type A or CTYPE 2B*/
                globIndex = globIndex + rsrcLen;
                cout << "LAUS:" << globIndex << "\n";
                uint16_t type = outBuf[globIndex];
                type = (type << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 1]);
                if (type == 5)
                { // CNAME code
                    this->TYPE = "CNAME";
                }
                else if (type == 1)
                { // A code
                    this->TYPE = "A";
                }

                /* Class  2B*/
                globIndex += 2;
                uint16_t clss =  outBuf[globIndex];
                clss = (clss << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 1]);
                if (clss == 1)
                { // IN code
                    this->CLASS = "IN";
                }else{
                    this->CLASS = "?"; //TODO: jaké jsou jiné možnosti?
                }

                /* TTL 4B */
                globIndex += 2;
                uint32_t ttl = outBuf[globIndex];
                ttl = (ttl << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 1]);
                ttl = (ttl << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 2]);
                ttl = (ttl << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 3]);
                this->TTL = ttl;

                /*  Data length 2B */
                globIndex += 4;
                uint32_t rData_len = outBuf[globIndex];
                rData_len = (rData_len << sizeof(outBuf[globIndex + 1]) | outBuf[globIndex + 1]);
                this->RDLENGTH = rData_len;

                /* Address *B */
                globIndex += 2;
                int rDataIndex = globIndex;
                if(this->TYPE == "A"){ // There is IP address, 4B
                    for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
                        this->IP += to_string((uint8_t)outBuf[rDataIndex]);
                        if(i != 3){
                            this->IP += "."; // Do not concatenate 4th dot
                        }
                        rDataIndex++;
                    }
                }else if(this->TYPE == "CNAME"){
                    // Check whether name is a pointer. Its truth when 2 leftmost bits are set to '1'.
                    if ((outBuf[rDataIndex] & (1 << 7)) && (outBuf[rDataIndex] & (1 << 6))) // Its a pointer
                    {
                        // The rest of the bits in the 2B block define an offset from the beggining on the response
                        offset = outBuf[rDataIndex];
                        offset = (offset << sizeof(outBuf[rDataIndex + 1]) & 0b00111111) | outBuf[rDataIndex + 1];
                        this->decodeDomainName(&outBuf[offset]);
                        rDataIndex = 2;
                    }
                    else
                    { // Its a domain name. TODO: • a sequence of labels ending with a pointer
                        rsrcLen = this->decodeDomainName(&outBuf[rDataIndex]);
                        cout << "Fce mi vrati:"<< rsrcLen << "\n";
                        rDataIndex += (rsrcLen+2);
                        cout << "Zacatek novyho resourcu je na: " << rDataIndex << " hodnota tam je: " << (uint16_t)outBuf[rDataIndex] << "\n";
                    }

                } // TODO: 0x0002 for name servers, s 0x000f for mail servers
                globIndex = rDataIndex;
            }

    };




    int
    kill(int erNo)
{
    if (erNo == 10)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Empty label in the address\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 11)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Label has more than 63 characters\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 12)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Label contains forbidden character\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 13)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Domain name cannot end by dot character\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 14)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Wrong IPv4 format\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 15)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Port must be number\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 16)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: No address to be asked for\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 17){
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Function inet_ntop\n");
    }
    else if (erNo == 18){
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Function gethostbyname\n");
    }
    else
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Wrong argument number %d \n", erNo);
    }
    exit(-1);
}

bool checkDomainNameSyntax(string probablyDomainName)
{
    /**
     * @brief Function checks whether given string is a domain name.
     * Checks the following rules:
     *  1) Label consists of 1 to 63 characters
     *  2) Full domain name consists of max 253 ASCII characters
     *  3) Domain name is not case-sensitive
     *
     */
    if (probablyDomainName.back() == '.')
    {
        // Domain name cannot end by dot symbol
        kill(13);
    }
    vector<string> tokens;
    stringstream check1(probablyDomainName);
    string intermediate;

    // Split into tokens by dot symbol
    while (getline(check1, intermediate, '.'))
    {
        tokens.push_back(intermediate);
    }

    // Looping through the token vector, check each member
    for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++)
    {
        if (tokens[i].empty())
        {
            //when label is empty
            kill(10);
        }
        else if (tokens[i].size() > 63)
        {
            // when label is too long
            kill(11);
        }
        else if (tokens[i].find_first_not_of("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890-") != std::string::npos)
        {
            // when label contains forbidden character
            kill(12);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

bool checkIPAdressSyntax(string probablyIPAdress)
{
    if (probablyIPAdress.back() == '.')
    {
        // IP address cannot end by dot symbol
        kill(13);
    }
    vector<string> tokens;
    stringstream check1(probablyIPAdress);
    string intermediate;

    // Split into tokens by dot symbol
    while (getline(check1, intermediate, '.'))
    {
        tokens.push_back(intermediate);
    }

    // Looping through the token vector, check each member
    int IPv4_byte_length, IPv4_byte;
    for (int i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++)
    {
        IPv4_byte_length = tokens.at(i).length();
        if(IPv4_byte_length > 3){
            return false;
        }else if(tokens[i].find_first_not_of("0123456789") != std::string::npos){
            return false;
        }
        IPv4_byte = stoi(tokens.at(i));
        if( !((IPv4_byte >= 0) && (IPv4_byte <= 255)) ){
            return false;
        }
    //std::cout << "Byte " << i << " is: " << tokens.at(i) << IPv4_byte << "\n";
    }
    return true;
}

int setDNS(char *probablyServer, int argNo)
{
    /**
     * @brief Function sets the DNS domain name/IP address. Option is required after -s.
     * Functions to check correct format are called. If the domain name was given, fills
     * the IP address, which is needed later.
     * @param1 Command line argument after -s option.
     * @param2 Actual position in the array of command line arguments.
     * @return Returns new position in the array of command line arguments.
     */

    // converting char* to string
    std::string givenDNS = probablyServer;

    if (checkIPAdressSyntax(givenDNS))
    {
        serverToBeAsked.IPaddress = givenDNS;
    }
    else if (checkDomainNameSyntax(givenDNS))
    {
        // Getting Ip address from structure of type hostent given by gethostbame()
        #ifdef __linux__
            serverToBeAsked.domainName = givenDNS;

            struct hostent *host;
            char ip[16];
            char *ntopRet;
            int hostname;

            struct sockaddr_in sock_addr;
            int n = givenDNS.length();
            char givenDNS_char_array[n + 1];
            strcpy(givenDNS_char_array, givenDNS.c_str());

            // Getting host information
            host = gethostbyname(givenDNS_char_array);
            if (NULL == host)
            { //TODO: kontrola podmínky
                kill(18);
            }
            sock_addr.sin_addr = *((struct in_addr *)host->h_addr_list[0]);
            ntopRet = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sock_addr.sin_addr, ip, sizeof(ip));
            if (NULL == ntopRet)
            { //TODO: kontrola podmínky
                kill(17);
            }

            string s(ip);
            // save for later actions
            serverToBeAsked.IPaddress = s;
        #else
            printf("Run this on Linux. \n");
            exit(0);
        #endif
    }
    argNo++;
    // TODO: nesmí začínat pomlčkou
    return argNo;
}

int setPort(char *probablyPort, int argNo)
{
    /**
    * @brief Function sets the destination port number. Default 53, if there is no integer given.
    * @param1 Command line argument after -p option.
    * @param2 Actual position in the array of command line arguments.
    * @return Returns new position in the array of command line arguments. Only increment if port number was given.
    */
    int length = strlen(probablyPort);
    for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
    {
        if (!isdigit(probablyPort[i]))
        {
            // Argument contains a non-digit character (port number was not specified) -> set default value 53
            kill(15);
        }
    }
    port = atoi(probablyPort);
    argNo++;
    return argNo;
}


string changeAddressFormat(string askingFor)
{
    /**
     * @brief Function changed host address format (www.seznam.cz to '0x03'www''0x06'seznam'0x02'cz'0x00')
     * @param1 Hostname given as argument to be transformed
     * @return Transformed string
     */
    istringstream iss(askingFor);
    vector<string> tokens;
    string token;
    string temporaryQname;
    int tokenLenght;
    string wwwPrefix("www");

    auto it = std::mismatch(wwwPrefix.begin(), wwwPrefix.end(), askingFor.begin());
    /*if( !(it.first == wwwPrefix.end()) ){
        // if 'www' is not a prefix of the given host name -> add
        // 3www to the beggining of temporaryQname
        temporaryQname.append("3wwww");
    }*/ TODO:

    // split by dot symbol into a string vector
    while (std::getline(iss, token, '.'))
    {
        if (!token.empty()){
            tokens.push_back(token);
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < (tokens.capacity()-1); i++)
    {
        if(!tokens[i].empty()){
            // The length of the token is the hexadecimal value of the final char (0b01110111 -> 0x77 -> 'w')
            tokenLenght = tokens[i].length();
            unsigned char domainLength = 'a';
            domainLength &= 0; // set all bits to 0
            domainLength |= 0b00001000; // set the final value
            temporaryQname.append(to_string(domainLength));
            temporaryQname.append(tokens[i]);
        }
    }
    char nullCharacter = 'a';
    nullCharacter &= 0;
    temporaryQname.append(to_string(nullCharacter)); // has to end by 0

    return temporaryQname;
}



struct DNS_HEADER
{
    unsigned short id;         // identification number
    unsigned char rd : 1;      // recursion desired
    unsigned char tc : 1;      // truncated message
    unsigned char aa : 1;      // authoritive answer
    unsigned char opcode : 4;  // purpose of message
    unsigned char qr : 1;      // query/response flag
    unsigned char rcode : 4;   // response code
    unsigned char cd : 1;      // checking disabled
    unsigned char ad : 1;      // authenticated data
    unsigned char z : 1;       // its z! reserved
    unsigned char ra : 1;      // recursion available
    unsigned short q_count;    // number of question entries
    unsigned short ans_count;  // number of answer entries
    unsigned short auth_count; // number of authority entries
    unsigned short add_count;  // number of resource entries
};

struct QUESTION
{
    unsigned short qtype;
    unsigned short qclass;
};

struct R_DATA
{
    unsigned short type;
    unsigned short _class;
    unsigned int ttl;
    unsigned short data_len;
};

struct RES_RECORD
{
    unsigned char *name;
    struct R_DATA *resource;
    unsigned char *rdata;
};

typedef struct
{
    unsigned char *name;
    struct QUESTION *ques;
} QUERY;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int option;
    int i = 0;

    // duplicate cmd line arguments cause getopt changes order
    vector<string> argVector;
    for(int j = 1; j < argc; j++){
        argVector.push_back(argv[j]);
    }
    /*for (int i = 0; i < argVector.size(); i++)
    {
        cout << argVector[i] << "\n";
    }*/

    while ((option = getopt(argc, argv, "rx6s:p::")) != -1)
    {
        i++;
        switch (option)
        {
        case 'r':
            //printf("got %d) %c \n", i, option);
            recursion = true;
            break;
        case 'x':
            //printf("got %d) %c \n", i, option);
            reversed = true;
            break;
        case '6':
            //printf("got %d) %c \n", i, option);
            ipv6 = true;
            break;
        case 's':
            // Option -s is followed by IP address or domain name of the server
            //printf("got %d) %c \n", i, option);
            for (int j = 0; j < argc; ++j)
            {
                if (strcmp(argv[j], "-s") == 0)
                {
                    //cout << argv[j] << "\n";
                    i = setDNS(argv[j + 1], j);
                }
            }
            break;
        case 'p':
            // Option -p is followed by port number otherwise its set to 53
            //printf("got %d) %c \n", i, option);
            for (int j = 0; j < argc; ++j)
            {
                if (strcmp(argv[j], "-p") == 0)
                {
                    //cout << argv[j] << "\n";
                    i = setPort(argv[j + 1], j);
                }
            }
            //i = setPort(argv[i + 1], i);
            break;
        case ':':
            fprintf(stderr, "Option requires a value\n");
            kill(i);
            break;
        case '?':
            if (strcmp(argv[i], "-s") == 0)
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "Option  -s requires a value\n");
                exit(-1);
            }
            else
            {
                kill(i);
            }
            break;
        default:
            //printf("got %d) uknown: %c \n", i, option);
            //kill(i);

            break;
        }
    }

    // Finding requested address to ask for in the command line arguments
    for (int i = 0; i < argVector.size(); i++)
    {
        regex flagFollowed("^-[sp]$");
        regex flagSingle("^-[6rx]$");
        if (regex_match(argVector[i], flagFollowed)) // matches flag with attribute
        {
            i++;
        }
        else if (regex_match(argVector[i], flagSingle)) // matches flag without attribute
        {
            ;
        }
        else
        {
            askingFor = argVector[i];
        }
    }

    // Exit when no requested address found or
    if (askingFor.empty())
    {
        kill(16);
    }

    // Cheching requested domain name syntax
    checkDomainNameSyntax(askingFor);

    printf("!!!RECAP!!!\n");
    printf("Port var: %d\n", port);
    cout << "Asking for: " << askingFor << "\n";
    printf("IPV6: %d\n", (bool)ipv6);
    printf("Reverse: %d\n", (bool)reversed);
    printf("Recursion: %d\n", (bool)recursion);


    // Creating socket file descriptor

#if defined(WIN32) // TODO:
    WSADATA Data;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &Data); // 2.2 version
#endif

    if ((mySocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
    {
        perror("Error: Socket was no created succesfully");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    struct RES_RECORD answ[20], auth[20], addit[20]; //the replies from the DNS server
    struct DNS_HEADER *dns = NULL;
    struct QUESTION *qinfo = NULL;
    dns = (struct DNS_HEADER *)&inBuf;

    memset(&to, 0, sizeof(to));
    // Filling server information
    to.sin_family = AF_INET;
    to.sin_port = htons(port);
    to.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverToBeAsked.IPaddress.c_str());

    int pid = GetCurrentProcessId();


    //                                 1  1  1  1  1  1
    //   0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |                      ID                       |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |QR|   Opcode  |AA|TC|RD|RA|   Z    |   RCODE   |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |                    QDCOUNT                    |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |                    ANCOUNT                    |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |                    NSCOUNT                    |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    // |                    ARCOUNT                    |
    // +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+

    dns -> id = (unsigned short) htons(pid);
    dns -> rd = recursion; // 1 = "Do query recursively"
    dns -> tc = 0; // 0 = "Message is not truncated"
    dns -> aa = 0; // authoritative answer = false(0)
    dns -> opcode = 0; // 0 = "Standard query"
    dns -> qr = 0;       // 0 = "Message is a query(0)", response(1)
    dns -> rcode = 0; // response code (0=ok, 1=format error, 2=server failure, 3=domain doesnt exist)
    dns -> cd = 0; // chesking disabled
    dns -> ad = 0; // 0 = "Non-authenticated data: Unnacceptable"
    dns -> z = 0; // reserved
    dns -> ra = 0; // recursion available = false
    dns -> q_count = htons(1); // number of questions

    dns -> ans_count = 0; // number of answers
    dns -> auth_count = 0; // number of authority entries
    dns -> add_count = 0; // number of resource entries

    qname = (unsigned char *)&inBuf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER)];

    int l = askingFor.length();
    char char_array[l + 1];
    char new_char_array[l + 2];
    memset(new_char_array, '.', sizeof(new_char_array));
    strcpy(char_array, askingFor.c_str());
    uint8_t counter;

    int k;
    for (k = 0; char_array[k] != '\0'; k++)
    {
        if (char_array[k] == '.')
        {
            new_char_array[k - counter] &= 0;
            new_char_array[k - counter] |= counter;
            counter = 0;
        }else{
            new_char_array[k + 1] = char_array[k];
            counter++;
        }
    }
    //set char 0x03 before com TLD,  0x02 before cz TLD
    new_char_array[k - counter] &= 0;
    new_char_array[k - counter] |= counter;

    // set char after TLD to 0x00
    new_char_array[sizeof(new_char_array) - 1] &= 0;

    // copy new_char_array to qname
    memcpy(qname, new_char_array, sizeof(new_char_array));

    /*printf("\n");
    for (int i = 0; new_char_array[i] != '\0'; i++)
    {

        printf("%c", new_char_array[i]);
    }
    printf("\n");*/

    qinfo = (struct QUESTION *)&inBuf[sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + sizeof(new_char_array)];

    qinfo->qtype = htons(1);  // requesting ipv4
    qinfo->qclass = htons(1); // stands for IN

    int sentBytes = sendto(mySocket, (char *)inBuf, sizeof(struct DNS_HEADER) + sizeof(new_char_array) + sizeof(struct QUESTION), 0, (sockaddr *)&to, sizeof(to));
    printf("Leti paket neco si prej! %d\n", sentBytes); // TODO: check na sendto

    int len;
    int addrlen = sizeof(from);  // needs to be initialized
    int receivedBytes = recvfrom(mySocket, (char *)outBuf, MAXLINE, MSG_PEEK, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &addrlen); //TODO: makro MSG_WAITALL
    if (receivedBytes == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error: Function recvfrom.");
        exit(-1);
    }

    /*---------------------------------------------------------*/
    /*-------------------READING INFORMATION-------------------*/
    /*---------------------------------------------------------*/


    /* Questions 2B */
    r.QDCOUNT = outBuf[4];
    r.QDCOUNT = (r.QDCOUNT << sizeof(outBuf[5])) | outBuf[5];
    /* Answers  2B */
    r.ANCOUNT = outBuf[6];
    r.ANCOUNT = (r.ANCOUNT << sizeof(outBuf[7])) | outBuf[7];
    /* Authorities 2B */
    r.NSCOUNT = outBuf[8];
    r.NSCOUNT = (r.NSCOUNT << sizeof(outBuf[9])) | outBuf[9];
    /* Additional 2B */
    r.ARCOUNT = outBuf[10];
    r.ARCOUNT = (r.ARCOUNT << sizeof(outBuf[11])) | outBuf[11];

/*                                     1  1  1  1  1  1
         0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
       +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
       |QR|   Opcode  |AA|TC|RD|RA|   Z    |   RCODE   |
       +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
*/

    /* Authoritative Answer 1b */
    uint8_t bitValue = outBuf[2];
    bitValue &= 0b00000100;
    bitValue >>= 2;
    r.AA = bitValue;

    /* TrunCation 1b */
    bitValue = outBuf[2];
    bitValue &= 0b00000010;
    bitValue >>= 1;
    r.TC = bitValue;

    /* Recursion Available 1b */
    bitValue = outBuf[3];
    bitValue &= 0b10000000;
    bitValue >>= 7;
    r.RA = bitValue;

    /* Queried name VARIABLE LENGTH */
    // Asked domain starts at 12th position of array
    int qnameLen = r.decodeDomainName(&outBuf[12]);
    cout << qnameLen << '\n';

    /* Queried type 2B */
    int qTypeIndex = 12 + qnameLen;
    r.QTYPE = outBuf[qTypeIndex];
    r.QTYPE = (r.QTYPE << sizeof(outBuf[qTypeIndex + 1])) | outBuf[qTypeIndex + 1];

    /* Queried class 2B */
    int qClassIndex = qTypeIndex + 2;
    r.QCLASS = outBuf[qClassIndex];
    r.QCLASS = (r.QCLASS << sizeof(outBuf[qClassIndex + 1])) | outBuf[qClassIndex +1];

    /* Resources */
    /*                              1  1  1  1  1  1
      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                                               |
    /                                               /
    /                      NAME                     /
    |                                               |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                      TYPE                     |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                     CLASS                     |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                      TTL                      |
    |                                               |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                   RDLENGTH                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
    /                     RDATA                     /
    /                                               /
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+-*/

    int questions = r.QDCOUNT;
    int answers = r.ANCOUNT;
    int authority = r.NSCOUNT;
    int additional = r.ARCOUNT;
    // array of resource object
    Resource **resourceArray = new Resource *[questions + answers + authority + additional];
    int rPos = 0;
    globIndex = qClassIndex + 2;
    r.responseEndIndex = qClassIndex + 2;



    /*** PRINT HEADER INFO ***/
    cout << "\n\n\n";
    string a, b;
    a = (r.AA == 1) ? "Yes, " : "No, ";
    cout << "Authoritative: " << a;
    a = (r.RA == 1) ? "Yes, " : "No, ";
    cout << "Recursive: " << a;
    a = (r.TC == 1) ? "Yes\n" : "No\n";
    cout << "Truncated: " << a;


    cout << "Question section(" << r.QDCOUNT << ")\n";
    while(questions){
        string a,b;
        a = (r.QTYPE == 1) ? "A" : "?";;
        b = (r.QCLASS == 1) ? "IN" : "?";
        /*** PRINT QUESTION INFO ***/
        cout << "  " << r.QNAME << ", " << a << ", " << b << "\n";
        rPos++;
        questions--;
    }
    cout << "Answer section(" << r.ANCOUNT << ")\n";
    while (answers){
        resourceArray[rPos] = new Resource();
        resourceArray[rPos]->handleResource();
        /*** PRINT ANSWER INFO ***/
        resourceArray[rPos]->hello();

        rPos++;
        answers--;
    }
    cout << "Authority section(" << r.NSCOUNT << ")\n";
    while (authority){
        resourceArray[rPos] = new Resource();
        /*** PRINT AUTHORITY INFO ***/
        resourceArray[rPos]->hello();
        rPos++;
        authority--;
    }
    cout << "Additional section(" << r.ARCOUNT << ")\n";
    while (additional){
        resourceArray[rPos] = new Resource();
        /*** PRINT ADDITIONAL INFO ***/
        resourceArray[rPos]->hello();
        rPos++;
        additional--;
    }

    r.printEverything();
    r.printNicely();

    close(mySocket);

#if defined(WIN32) //TODO:
    WSACleanup();
#endif
    return 0;
}