Theseus's Ship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus

The Boltzmann Brain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_brain

The Unexpected Hanging Paradox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unexpected_hanging_paradox

Wittgenstein's Beetle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_language_argument

Quantum Immortality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_suicide_and_immortality
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/science-questions/quantum-suicide.htm

Laplace's Demon
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace%27s_demon

The Chinese Room
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chinese_Room

Swampman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swampman

Simulation Theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis

Schrodinger's Cat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schr%C3%B6dinger%27s_cat