2016-05-05 Core: 6 caffeine and restaurants

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: read p. 75 and do parts 3, 4, 5 on p. 74
part 3
1 chocolate
2 drug
3 energy
4 food and drinks
5 sleep cycle
part 4
makes you more alert
relieves pain
reduces asthma symptoms
increases reaction speed

is habit-forming
raises blood pressure
increases the risk of heart disease
part 5
1 People used to work by sunlight, now they work by the clock.
2 caffeine and electric light (or artificial light)
3 The body will not function at its best physically, mentally, or emotionally.
4 People need caffeine to stay awake, they have trouble staying awake because they don’t get enough sleep, and they don’t get enough sleep because they drink caffeine.
vicious cycle = a situation like this, where the “solution” to a problem causes that problem
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psych- = about the mind

https://books.google.com/ngrams/ - to check (and compare) the frequency of different words and phrases

https://sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/STREPchanges_1.png - how much sleep do you need?
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Other words you didn’t understand?
nevertheless - like “however”, it shows a contrast between two sentences
“Caffeine helps people try to override the human rhythm that is in all of us. Nevertheless, there is a heavy, heavy price to pay for all this extra wakefulness.”
override = stop something else from controlling something (We take control of our sleep cycles by using caffeine, when normally the natural rhythm would control our sleep cycles.)
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part 7 - Find the words that signal contrasts and consequences
contrast: however, on the other hand, despite this, (but)
consequence:
	paragraph 2 - thus, one result
	paragraph 3 - therefore, consequently
part 8 - What are the contrasting ideas for each of the three contrast words in paragraph 2?
People don’t think about their caffeine intake. However, caffeine raises blood pressure and thus increases the risk of heart disease.
The widespread use of caffeine is now a cause for concern...many canned energy drinks sold there carry warnings anyway. On the other hand, much of the research suggests that caffeine may have health benefits.
Studies have shown it [has benefits]. Despite this, a study in Ireland recommended that children and pregnant women shouldn’t drink energy drinks.

however, nevertheless, despite this - to show pros/cons as well as unexpected results
(It’s raining. Nevertheless, we will still go outside.)
on the other hand - to show pros/cons (when you are balancing the options to make a decision)
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adjective + -ness = noun
noun + -less = adjective (= without [noun])
noun + -less + -ness = noun (for the situation of being without [noun])
	(carelessness, hopelessness, homelessness, etc.)

noun + -ful = adjective (= with a lot of [noun])
noun + -fulness - not common, because it’s usually the same meaning as [noun]
	(We don’t say “beautifulness”, because “beauty” already exists.)
	(We don’t say “hopefulness”, because the situation of being “hopeful” means you have “hope”)
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p. 74 part 11 - Complete these slogans about modern life with the words in the box
1 close
2 today
3 all
4 day
5 night
6 on
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BREAK
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See the movies today.
	Which movies?
See the movies of tomorrow today. = See tomorrow’s movies today.
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p. 76 part 1 - In pairs, make a list of the most important considerations when deciding where to eat out.
part 2 - What order do you do these things when you eat in a restaurant?
1 a
2 f / g
3 g / f
4 b (food you have before the main meal to “appetize” or make you ready to eat more; usually a large portion to share with other people)
5 d (in English, “entree” means the main meal)
6 c
7 h
8 e (15% - 20% of the bill before taxes, 25% is 7% tax plus 18% tip, and is easier to calculate)
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http://waitbutwhy.com/2014/04/everything-dont-know-tipping.html - Article about tipping, including how much you would typically tip other people besides waiters and bartenders
“If you can’t afford to tip, then you can’t afford to eat out.”
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p. 76 part 3 - Who usually says these things at a restaurant?
1 B (W in the conversation)
2 W
3 C
4 C
5 C
6 W
7 C
8 W
9 C
10 W
11 B (W in the conversation)
Listen to a conversation. Who actually says each thing? (You can also check the audioscript on p. 177.)
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part 5 - Listen again. How do they describe the four foods in the pictures?
plantain: like a banana, but not sweet
fritter: a fried dish
akkra: a kind of bean called black-eyed pea, the taste is pretty hot (spicy)
ackee: a type of fruit that is usually served with saltfish
saltfish: salted dried codfish, which is then cooked in water and tastes like fresh cod (not salty)
goat: it’s like lamb, but the flavor is a little stronger
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Homework: p. 76 part 7 - choose three foods from your country that other students might not know, and try to explain the flavor and texture
p. 164 practice 2
Look up real diet and exercise plans to see the kinds of advice they usually give.