2019-08-20 Core: 8 nature's mysteries

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 93 - What is unusual about the picture? Do you think it’s a real photo?
part 2 - With your partner, decide what the bold pronouns refer to.
1 them = the (individual) flamingos
2 That = the shape the birds are in
3 this kind of thing = a group of animals in an unusual shape
  OR: photos that might be fake
4 it = the photo
5 he = the photographer
6 the ones = the flamingos
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What are some things that are often faked?
- photographs
- jewelry
- money (“counterfeit” is most often used for fake money)
- paintings
- passports / other IDs
- watches
- electronics
- brand-name clothes and accessories
part 3 - Have you ever been tricked by anything fake? Do you know how tell if these (above) things are real or fake? (For example, do you know of security features the real ones have, so if something doesn’t have that feature it’s probably fake?)
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https://www.uscurrency.gov/denominations - If you click on a number at the top, you can read about that bill and the security features it has.
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p. 94 - What do you think these pictures are?
aurora borealis = northern lights
(aurora australis = southern lights)
part 2 - With your partner, use the words from the box to complete the sentences. If you and your partner don’t know a word, use a dictionary or image search (not a translator).
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
	(The singular words end with “fly”.)
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
  (“species” is singular and plural; the animal that get eaten is called prey.)
8 spikes
  (spikes are on leaves and grass, needles are on pine trees and cacti, spines are on cacti, thorns are on stems and branches)
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What picture(s) do you think each word is related to?
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BREAK
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p. 94 part 3 - Listen to the audio and match each word with the picture.
part 4 - Listen again. Are the statements true or false?
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p. 95 part 6 - What do these sentences mean? (a-d)
1 They can’t be natural. - b (Really, the speaker thinks it’s impossible, not simply false.)
2 They must be man-made. - a
3 This might be a painting. - c
4 It may not seem logical. - d
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Grammar: modals for speculation and deduction about the present
	speculation = guessing about something that’s possibly true or false
	deduction = making a logical conclusion

He is eating very quickly. He must be hungry.
	= My conclusion is that he is hungry. I’d be surprised if he’s actually not hungry.
He isn’t eating anything. He must not be hungry.
	= My conclusion is that he’s not hungry. I’d be surprised if he actually is hungry.
He just finished a huge meal. He can’t/couldn’t still be hungry.
	= I think it’s impossible that he’s hungry. I won’t believe you if you say he is hungry.

You should offer him a drink. He may/might/could be thirsty.
	= There’s a possibility that he’s thirsty, but I’m not sure.
I don’t know why he isn’t eating. He may/might not be hungry.
	= There’s a possibility that he’s not hungry, but I’m not sure. It could be another reason.
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part 8 - Read the text Navigation in nature. Write the options that are correct (sometimes both are correct).
1 must be
2 (both are correct)
3 (both are correct)
4 could mean
5 can’t be
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p. 95 part 8 - Choose the correct way to complete each sentence.
1 c
2 d
3 b
4 a
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Vocabulary/Grammar: “look” (and similar verbs)

look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, be - These verbs can be used to describe things.
verb + as though + sentence (informally, we can also use “like”  with a sentence)
verb + adjective
verb + like + noun (“like” = “similar to”, just like in unit 7)
	(To describe what something is like is to describe its general characteristics or, for a person, their personality. If I use a sense word, I want a description of that specific thing (appearance, flavor, etc.).)

look/watch, listen, smell, taste, feel/touch - These verbs are actions people can do.
verb + adverb
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As things people do:
look (at) = pay attention to appearance (usually for a shorter time)
watch = pay attention to actions and things that happen (usually for a longer time)
see = perceive something with eyes (without focusing or attention)

listen (to) = focus on and pay attention to something you hear
hear = perceive something with ears (without focusing or attention)
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part 10 - Complete the sentences with expressions using “look”
1 look
2 looks like
3 looks as though / looks like
4 look
5 look as though / look like
6 look
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Homework: p. 166 practice 1
	- You can use all the modals we talked about, affirmative or negative.
	- (7) should be: The aurora boralis is unpredictable so we _________ (see) any lights tonight.