string = #extremely large number

num = [int(c) for c in string if not c.isspace()]

num = []
for c in string:
    if not c.isspace():
       num.append(int(c))

num   =        [          int(                      c)

"num" shall be a list of: the int created from each c

for   c                           in string

where c takes on each value found in string

if        not                     c .isspace() ]

such that it is not the case that c is a space (end of list description)

string = 'aVeryLargeNumber'
num = [int(c) for c in string if not c.isspace()] #list comprehension

"""Breakdown of a list comprehension into it's parts."""
num = [] #creates an empty list
for c in string: #This threw me for a loop when I first started learning
     #as everytime I ran into the 'for something in somethingelse':
     #the c was always something else. The c is just a place holder
     #for a smaller unit in the string (in this example).
     #For instance we could also write it as:
     #for number in '1234567890':, which is also equivalent to
     #for x in '1234567890': or
     #for whatever in '1234567890'
             #Typically you want to use something descriptive.
     #Also, string, does not have to be just a string. It can be anything
     #so long as you can iterate (go through it) one item at a time
     #such as a list, tuple, dictionary.

if not c.isspace(): #in this example it means if c is not a whitespace character
        #which is a space, line feed, carriage return, form feed,
                #horizontal tab, vertical tab.

num.append(int(c))  #This converts the string representation of a number to an actual
        #number(technically an integer), and appends it to a list.

'1234567890' # our string in this example
num = []
    for c in '1234567890':
        if not c.isspace():
            num.append(int(c))

num = [] #our list, empty for now
    for '1' in '1234567890':
        if not '1'.isspace():
            num.append(int('1'))

num = [1] #our list, now with a one appended!
    for '2' in '1234567890':
        if not '2'.isspace():
            num.append(int('2'))

Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <fragment>
builtins.ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: '.'

>>> print [i for i in range(10)]
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

>>> print [i for i in range(20) if i%2 == 0]
[0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]

>>> nums = [1,2,3,4]
>>> fruit = ["Apples", "Peaches", "Pears", "Bananas"]
>>> print [(i,f) for i in nums for f in fruit]
[(1, 'Apples'), (1, 'Peaches'), (1, 'Pears'), (1, 'Bananas'),
 (2, 'Apples'), (2, 'Peaches'), (2, 'Pears'), (2, 'Bananas'),
 (3, 'Apples'), (3, 'Peaches'), (3, 'Pears'), (3, 'Bananas'),
 (4, 'Apples'), (4, 'Peaches'), (4, 'Pears'), (4, 'Bananas')]
>>> print [(i,f) for i in nums for f in fruit if f[0] == "P"]
[(1, 'Peaches'), (1, 'Pears'),
 (2, 'Peaches'), (2, 'Pears'),
 (3, 'Peaches'), (3, 'Pears'),
 (4, 'Peaches'), (4, 'Pears')]
>>> print [(i,f) for i in nums for f in fruit if f[0] == "P" if i%2 == 1]
[(1, 'Peaches'), (1, 'Pears'), (3, 'Peaches'), (3, 'Pears')]
>>> print [i for i in zip(nums,fruit) if i[0]%2==0]