arrays and slices

// Arrays are defined by [int]type
// Lengths are immutable!
a := [3]int
a[0] = 1
a[1] = 2
a[2] = 3
a[3] = 4
a[4] = 5

// We can use literals
a := [3]int{1, 2, 3}

// Slices are pointers to array members
a[2:4]   // [3 4]
a[:3]    // [1 2 3]
a[4:]    // [5]

// We can use make to initialize a slice with an implicit array
a := make([]int, 5)      // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
cap(a)                   // 5
len(a)                   // 5
a := make([]int, 5, 10)  // [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, nil, nil, nil, nil, nil]
cap(a)                   // 10
len(a)                   // 5

// Slices can be appended to without worry about the immutable length
a := make([]int, 5)
a = append(a, 6)         // [0 0 0 0 0 6]

// Multidimensionality
matrix := [][]int{
  []int{0, 0, 1},
  []int{0, 1, 0},
  []int{1, 0, 0},
}
matrix[2][2] = 10 // [[0 0 1][0 1 0][1 0 1]]