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prototyperspective

Science Summary - 2023, January

prototyperspective
Feb 20th, 2023 (edited)
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  1. ___ _ ___
  2. / __| __ (_) ___ _ _ __ ___ / __| _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _
  3. \__ \ / _| | | / -_) | ' \ / _| / -_) \__ \ | || | | ' \ | ' \ / _` | | '_| | || |
  4. |___/ \__| |_| \___| |_||_| \__| \___| |___/ \_,_| |_|_|_| |_|_|_| \__,_| |_| \_, |
  5. |__/
  6. -------------------------------------- January 2023 --------------------------------------
  7.  
  8. Image: https://imgur.com/gallery/ul9zmFN
  9.  
  10. Monthly newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
  11.  
  12. ----------------- Selection -----------------
  13.  
  14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_in_science
  15.  
  16. Items which I added to the Wikipedia list are marked with a star (*) below.
  17.  
  18. Criteria info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Prototyperspective/Year_in_science/Inclusion_criteria
  19. Nonincluded items: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Prototyperspective/Year_in_science/List_of_nonincluded_items_for_2023
  20.  
  21. ------------------ Sources ------------------
  22.  
  23. * Metascience
  24. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05543-x
  25.  
  26. * Brain membrane
  27. https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.adc8810
  28.  
  29. * First writing
  30. https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0959774322000415
  31.  
  32. * Cyborg cells
  33. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fadvs.202204175
  34.  
  35. * Offset carbon credits
  36. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/18/revealed-forest-carbon-offsets-biggest-provider-worthless-verra-aoe
  37.  
  38. _____
  39.  
  40. * Fasting
  41. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cmet.2022.12.006
  42.  
  43. * Investments
  44. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-022-01549-5
  45.  
  46. * Producer responsibility
  47. https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1748-9326%2Faca4e8
  48.  
  49. * Decarbonizing aviation
  50. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41893-022-01046-9
  51.  
  52. * Gas stoves asthma
  53. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fijerph20010075
  54.  
  55. * Brain implant
  56. https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjamaneurol.2022.4847
  57.  
  58. * Cyclic sighing
  59. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.xcrm.2022.100895
  60.  
  61. * Year of open science
  62. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-023-00019-y
  63. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/10/biden-federal-science-research-rule-gag-order
  64.  
  65. Reprogramming * x 2
  66. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.12.027
  67. https://doi.org/10.1101%2F2023.01.04.522507
  68.  
  69. * Hallmarks of aging
  70. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.11.001
  71.  
  72. * Retroviruses
  73. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2022.12.017
  74.  
  75. * Snow cover
  76. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41558-022-01575-3
  77.  
  78. * Recent human evolution
  79. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.xgen.2022.100248
  80.  
  81. * Freshwater fish
  82. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.envres.2022.115165
  83.  
  84. * Therapeutics (see Candidates section below)
  85.  
  86. * Microbiome sharing
  87. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05620-1
  88.  
  89. * Viral neurodegeneration
  90. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuron.2022.12.029
  91.  
  92. * Sustainable food system x 5
  93. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffnut.2022.1029841
  94. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05481-8
  95. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fvetsci10010052
  96. https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.adc9165
  97. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/01/business/china-super-cow-cloning-intl-hnk-scn/index.html
  98.  
  99. * AI software: MedPaLM
  100. https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.13138
  101.  
  102. * AI software: ChatGPT
  103. https://www.sciencemediacenter.de/alle-angebote/press-briefing/details/news/chatgpt-und-andere-sprachmodelle-zwischen-hype-und-kontroverse/
  104.  
  105. * Battery self-discharge
  106. https://doi.org/10.1149%2F1945-7111%2Facaf44
  107.  
  108. * Earth's inner core
  109. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41561-022-01112-z
  110.  
  111. * Wearable heart imager
  112. https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-022-05498-z
  113.  
  114. * Screening (see Candidates section below)
  115.  
  116. * Learning enhancement
  117. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fcercor%2Fbhac426
  118.  
  119. ------------------ Not included ------------------
  120.  
  121. 24-25 items
  122.  
  123.  
  124. Most/all would have been included if there was more space (17-18):
  125.  
  126. - * A study suggests logged and structurally degraded (South Asian) tropical forests are carbon sources for at least a decade – even when recovering – due to larger carbon losses from soil organic matter and deadwood, indicating the tropical forest carbon sink "may be much smaller than previously estimated".
  127.  
  128. - The long-term impact of biodiversity loss in Madagascar is modelled, suggesting that recovery from extinctions could take as long as 23 million years.
  129.  
  130. - Teleportation of energy is demonstrated for the first time by researchers using an IBM quantum computer.
  131.  
  132. - * A review with overlapping authors to the 'hallmarks of aging' paper (and its update paper from this month) merge hallmarks of cancer with those of aging.
  133.  
  134. - * A study reports the development of deep learning software using anatomic magnetic resonance images to estimate brain age with the highest accuracy for AI so far, including detecting early signs of Alzheimer's disease and varying neuroanatomical patterns of neurological aging.
  135.  
  136. - * Researchers for the first time demonstrate redirection of lightning with lasers.
  137.  
  138. - * A first successful autonomous long-duration operation (Dec 21 and/or Dec 22), including simulated combat, of a modified F-16 fighter jet, X-62A, by two AI software is reported.
  139.  
  140. - * A text-to-speech synthesizer, VALL-E, that can be trained to mimic anybody's voice with just three seconds of voice data and may produce the most natural-sounding results to date is reported in a preprint.
  141.  
  142. - * A use of world models for a wide range of domains that makes decisions using e.g. different 3D worlds and reward frequencies and outperforms previous approaches, DreamerV3, is reported as a step towards general artificial intelligence in a preprint.
  143.  
  144. - * A large language model, ProGen, that can generate functional protein sequences with a predictable function, with the input including tags specifying protein properties, is reported.
  145.  
  146. - * A deep-learning model, ZFDesign, for zinc finger design for any genomic target for gene- and epigenetic-editing is reported.
  147.  
  148. - * Software for generating 3D dynamic scenes (text-to-4D), MAV3D, is reported.
  149.  
  150. - * A study reports the development of deep learning algorithms to identify technosignature candidates, finding 8 potential alien signals not detected earlier.
  151.  
  152. - Engineers report the design of millimetre-sized robots able to rapidly shift between liquid and solid states. The devices could be used to fix electronics or remove objects from the body.
  153.  
  154. - A study finds that the world has enough rare earths and other raw materials to switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy.
  155.  
  156. - * ESA reports the successful demonstration of a breaking sail-based satellite deorbiter, ADEO, which could be used by space debris mitigation measures.
  157.  
  158. - Climate scientists predict, using artificial intelligence, that global warming will exceed 1.5°C in the next decade, with a nearly 70% chance of 2°C between 2044 and 2065, even if emissions rapidly decline (scenario SSP1-2.6).
  159.  
  160. - * In two paywalled studies separate teams of researchers report substantial improvements to green hydrogen production methods, enabling higher efficiencies and durable use of untreated seawater.
  161.  
  162.  
  163.  
  164. Most/all are unlikely to be included as category-2 items (7):
  165.  
  166. - An international collaboration shows that hidden marine heatwaves, associated with ocean eddies that modulate undersea internal waves, threaten coastal ecosystems by driving unexpected sub-surface heating and severe coral bleaching and mortality across depths.
  167.  
  168. - A second potentially Earth-like planet in the TOI 700 system is reported using data from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS).
  169.  
  170. - NASA scientists report the discovery of LHS 475 b, an Earth-like exoplanet – and the first exoplanet observed by the James Webb Space Telescope.
  171.  
  172. - NASA publishes images of a debris disk surrounding the red dwarf AU Mic, taken by the James Webb Space Telescope, capturing details as close to the star as 5 astronomical units (~750 million km) – the equivalent of Jupiter's orbit in the Solar System.
  173.  
  174. - NASA announces preliminary considerations of several future space telescope programs, including the Great Observatory Technology Maturation Program (GOMAP), Habitable Worlds Observatory and New Great Observatories.
  175.  
  176. - * A novel potentially significantly more efficient text-to-image approach, as implemented in MUSE, is reported.
  177.  
  178. - The most affordable carbon capture and conversion system to date, bringing the cost down to just $39 per metric ton, is revealed. The process takes flue gas from power plants, uses a solvent to strip out the CO2, then converts it to industrially-useful methanol.
  179.  
  180.  
  181. ------------------ Candidates ------------------
  182.  
  183. Promising results of therapeutic candidates are reported:
  184. a third phase 3-trialed RSV vaccine candidate, a prebiotic fibre formula against type 2 diabetes, a bifunctional therapeutic and vaccine against brain cancer, a phase 2-trialed probiotic against S. aureus infection, the mice gene therapy-tested LAV-BPIFB4 protein (or this gene in gene therapy) against heart aging, mice-tested in-use anakinra (or blockade of its target IL-1β) against haematopoietic blood aging, mice-tested phase 2-scheduled IkT-148009 against Parkinson's disease, C. elegans-tested in-use rilmenidine as a CRM against aging.
  185.  
  186. Progress in disease screening or diagnosis:
  187. researchers demonstrate the use of ants as biosensors to detect cancer via urine, in two separate studies Alzheimer's disease is detected early via blood biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative to difficult rarely-used catheter testing for a common cause of high blood pressure is reported.
Tags: openscience wikipedia open science R&D
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