2017-10-19 Grammar: participle modifiers

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: handout p. 152 exercise 3 - Fill the blanks with the adjectives in the correct order.
Remember “OSASCOM”.
One way we can “break” this order is with an intensifier, because the intensified adjective should come first:
a beautiful old house
a really beautiful old house
a really old beautiful house (even though “an old beautiful house” sounds wrong)
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http://books.google.com/ngrams - You can check the frequency of words and phrases in English books. In particular, you could compare a pair of adjectives in both orders to see which is more common.
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Homework:
2 really useful
3 bright purple flannel
4 pretty new French
5 original plastic
6 incredibly ugly useless antique
7 plenty of expensive new brightly colored European
  “brand-new” is like “really new” - plenty of brand-new expensive brightly colored European
8 over-crowded little dark bedroom
9 nice handmade Italian shoes
10 nice new
11 poor old
12 terrible, frightening / frightening, terrible
	(When there are two opinion adjectives, they can usually go in either order with a comma or “and”.)
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Which modifiers above are participles? (past participle or present participle = verb+ing)
Both “frightening” and “frightened” are common adjectives.
What’s the difference in meaning?
- a frightening movie, a frightening monster, a frightening dream
- a frightened mouse, a frightened child, a frightened viewer
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Present Participle: cause, active, agent
Past Participle: effect/feeling, passive, receiver
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The frightening movie frightens the frightened viewers.
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This job tires me. I feel tired. The job is tiring.
the stolen car
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p. 155 exercise 6 - Complete the sentences with the correct forms of each word.
1 a confused
  b confusing
2 a disappointing
  b disappointed
3 a Frightened
  b Frightening
4 a satisfying
  b satisfied
5 a interested
  b interesting
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p. 156 exercise 7 - With your partner, complete these sentences. (Look at the noun after the missing word. That noun is the agent or receiver of a verb earlier in the sentence. If the noun is the agent, use the present participle. If it’s the receiver, use the past participle.)
1 exciting
2 rising
3 embarrassing
4 proven
5 depressing
6 depressed
7 puzzling
8 puzzled
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The blorg fizzles the grud.
	the fizzling blorg
	the fizzled grud
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We can add information to participle modifiers (e.g. handmade and over-crowded)
noun + participle
	This tells us the agent of past partiples and the receiver of present participles.
adverb + participle
	This adds the adverbial information to the modifier.
We can treat body parts like past participles to make new modifiers:
	the blue-eyed baby
	the three-legged table
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Homework (optional): p. 158 exercise 8