index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
  body {
    background: #222;
  }
</style>
<body>
  <script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v5.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://d3js.org/d3-geo.v1.min.js"></script>
  <script src="https://d3js.org/d3-geo-projection.v2.min.js"></script>
  <script>

    var width = 960,
        height = 500;

    var projection = d3.geoPolyhedralWaterman();

    var path = d3.geoPath()
        .projection(projection);

    var canvas = d3.select("body").append("canvas")
        .attr("width", width)
        .attr("height", height);

    var context = canvas.node().getContext("2d");

    var image = new Image;
    image.onload = onload;
    image.src = "source.jpg";

    function onload() {
      var dx = image.width,
          dy = image.height;

      context.drawImage(image, 0, 0, dx, dy);

      var sourceData = context.getImageData(0, 0, dx, dy).data,
          target = context.createImageData(width, height),
          targetData = target.data;

      for (var y = 0, i = -1; y < height; ++y) {
        for (var x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
          var p = projection.invert([x, y]), λ = p[0], φ = p[1];
          if (λ > 180 || λ < -180 || φ > 90 || φ < -90) { i += 4; continue; }
          var q = ((90 - φ) / 180 * dy | 0) * dx + ((180 + λ) / 360 * dx | 0) << 2;
          targetData[++i] = sourceData[q];
          targetData[++i] = sourceData[++q];
          targetData[++i] = sourceData[++q];
          targetData[++i] = 255;
        }
      }

      context.clearRect(0, 0, width, height);
      context.putImageData(target, 0, 0);
    }
  </script>
</body>
</html>