CREATE TABLE employee
(
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
);

CREATE TABLE PUBLIC.employee_snapshot
(
    employee_id INT NOT NULL,
    effective_date DATE,
    department_id INT NOT NULL,
    pay_rate NUMBER(12,4) NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT employee_snapshot_pk PRIMARY KEY (effective_date, employee_id),
    CONSTRAINT employee_snapshot_employee_fk FOREIGN KEY (employee_id) REFERENCES EMPLOYEE (ID)
);

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee")
@SecondaryTables({
        @SecondaryTable(name = "employee_snapshot", pkJoinColumns = {
                @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "employee_id", referencedColumnName = "id"),
                @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "effectiveDate", columnDefinition = "date")
        })
})

public class Employee {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "first_name")
    private String firstName;

    @Column(name = "last_name")
    private String lastName;

    @Column(name = "department_id", table = "employee_snapshot")
    private int departmentId;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getFirstName() {
        return firstName;
    }

    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
        this.firstName = firstName;
    }

    public String getLastName() {
        return lastName;
    }

    public void setLastName(String lastName) {
        this.lastName = lastName;
    }

    public int getDepartmentId() {
        return departmentId;
    }

    public void setDepartmentId(int departmentId) {
        this.departmentId = departmentId;
    }
}

Caused by: org.hibernate.AnnotationException: SecondaryTable JoinColumn cannot reference a non primary key
at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.TableBinder.bindFk(TableBinder.java:623) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder.bindJoinToPersistentClass(EntityBinder.java:784) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder.createPrimaryColumnsToSecondaryTable(EntityBinder.java:776) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.cfg.annotations.EntityBinder.finalSecondaryTableBinding(EntityBinder.java:704) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.cfg.SecondaryTableSecondPass.doSecondPass(SecondaryTableSecondPass.java:29) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1655) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.internal.InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.processSecondPasses(InFlightMetadataCollectorImpl.java:1620) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.boot.model.process.spi.MetadataBuildingProcess.complete(MetadataBuildingProcess.java:278) ~[hibernate-core-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.metadata(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:847) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.hibernate.jpa.boot.internal.EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.build(EntityManagerFactoryBuilderImpl.java:874) ~[hibernate-entitymanager-5.0.12.Final.jar:5.0.12.Final]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.createContainerEntityManagerFactory(SpringHibernateJpaPersistenceProvider.java:60) ~[spring-orm-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.createNativeEntityManagerFactory(LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:353) ~[spring-orm-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.buildNativeEntityManagerFactory(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:370) ~[spring-orm-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:359) ~[spring-orm-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1687) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1624) ~[spring-beans-4.3.7.RELEASE.jar:4.3.7.RELEASE]
... 21 common frames omitted