Explaining pattern matching vs switch

type expr =
    | Int of int
    | Var of string
    | Add of expr * expr
    | Mul of expr * expr;;

let rec d(f, x) =
    match f with
    | Var y when x=y -> Int 1
    | Int _ | Var _ -> Int 0
    | Add(f, g) -> Add(d(f, x), d(g, x))
    | Mul(f, g) -> Add(Mul(f, d(g, x)), Mul(g, d(f, x)));;

(f * g) . (h * k) = (f . h * g . k)