2018-09-20 TOEFL: writing practice

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: finish the handout (audio is at the link in your email)
1 b
2 b c
3 a
4 d
5 c
6 b
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In writing, how do words like “although” and “because” work?
Although [one idea], [contrasting idea].
Because [cause], [effect].
- These are conjunctions, not adverbs. They must go in one sentence with both of the ideas they connect. They do not work the same way as “However” or “Consequently”.
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*Finally, the passage thought that using smart cars will be less expensive.
- The passage (and the lecture) can’t think anything.
	Instead of “thought”, use claimed/stated/argued/said/etc.
OR:	Instead of “passage”, use “author” or “writer”
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Independent Writing: second writing task (after integrated), 30 minutes to write 300 words or more
The independent writing prompt is almost always a choice question:
- some people / other people: “Some people think… Others prefer… Which do you agree with?”
- agree / disagree: “Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? _____”
The prompt ends with, “Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.”
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Sample prompt:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
There are times when it is acceptable not to tell the truth.
Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.
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When you first read the prompt, make sure you understand what it means to agree and what it means to disagree. Then you should think about reasons for both sides and about what examples you could use to support those reasons. Choose the position with the best supporting reasons.
Then you should write a short outline of your response (main idea, three reasons, an example for each)
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If you agree, your main points could be
- three times when it’s acceptable not to tell the truth
- three negative consequences of always telling the truth
If you disagree, your points could be
- three (long-term) negative consequences of being dishonest
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Five-paragraph essay organization:
1 Introduction:
	- introduce the topic
	- summarize the positions you’re choosing between
	- state your opinion (paraphrased, without “I agree” or “I disagree”)
	- lead-in (“I have three reasons for this opinion.”)
2-4 Body Paragraphs:
	- state the reason or main point
	- show that your reason/point is true (This answers “Really? Are you sure?”)
	- show that your reason/point supports your opinion (This answers “So what?”)
5 Conclusion:
	- restate your opinion and summarize your reasons
	- give the reader a take-away (Answer “So what?” about your main opinion)
		This can be a prediction, or recommendation for the future.
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BREAK
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Writing Practice - ETS Guide test 1
Email your responses to me when you finish them.
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Read the sample independent response. What score do you think it got? Why? What’s good and bad about it?