env geol apunte

Klaus Knödel
Gerhard Lange
Hans-Jürgen Voigt
Environmental Geology
Handbook of Field Methods
and Case Studies


Introduction
Preparatory Steps and Common Problems
Placing of Orders an d Order Handling
Collection and U se of Existing Data
Information Cam p a ign and Permit Application
Mobilization and Demobilization
Land Surveying
Quality Assurance a nd Reporting
Remote Sensing
A eria l Photography
Photogrammetr y
Geophysics

Magnetic Methods
G ravity Method s
Direct Current R es is tivity Metho ds
Electromagnetic Me thods
G round Penetra tin g Radar
Seismic Methods
Surface Nuclear Ma gnetic Resonance
B oreho le Loggin g
G eophy sical In-s itu Groundwater and Soil M onitoring
G eolog ical, Hyd rog e ological, Geochemical and
M icrobio logical Investigations
Methods for Cha ra c terizing the Geological S etting
Methods for Cha ra c terizing the H ydrologic and
H ydrauli c Cond itio n s
Methods for Cha ra c terizing the Geochemi cal and
M icrobio logical Co n ditions
Interpretation o f G e ological, Hydro geological, and Geochemical Results
Integration of In ve st igation Results


Increasing population density and industrialization are creating a high strain
on the natural environment and resources of many countries. Therefore,
precautionary measures to protect the environment and remedial action to
repair the damages of the past have high priority. Resources to be protected
are surface water and groundwater, soil and air. Hazards to these resources are
landfills and industrial sites as well as mining facilities, including tailings,
conditioning plants, and smelters, oil refineries, distribution facilities and
pipelines, gas stations and other areas used by humans (e.g., military training
sites).
Waste disposal, mining, and industrial sites are an absolutely necessary
part of the infrastructure of an industrial society. Suitable new sites must be found for the disposal of waste and for mining and industrial facilities. It is often very difficult to obtain political approval and this is possible only if state-of-the-art methods are used to show that such sites have layers that can function as barrier, preventing entry of contaminants into the environment.
Areas of both consolidated and unconsolidated rock can be suitable sites for
landfills and industrial facilities.
Knowledge and experience with the disposal of waste and the operation of
mines and industrial facilities in an ecologically nondetrimental way have
been acquired only gradually during the past several decades. On the basis of
this knowledge, numerous abandoned landfills, mining, and industrial sites
must now be regarded as hazardous.