API tools faq
paste
PatrZDZ

Fiktiv Australia - ABC

PatrZDZ
Oct 24th, 2020 (edited)
265
0
Never
Add comment
Not a member of Pastebin yet? Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!
text 71.06 KB | None | 0 0
raw download clone embed print report
  1. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is Australia's national broadcaster, founded in 1929. It is principally funded by the direct grants from the Australian government but is expressly independent of government and partisan politics. The ABC plays a leading role in journalistic independence and is fundamental in the history of broadcasting in Australia.
  2.  
  3. Modelled on the BBC in the United Kingdom, which is funded by a television licence, the ABC was originally financed by consumer licence fees on broadcast receivers. Licence fees were abolished in 1973 and replaced principally by direct government grants, as well as revenue from commercial activities related to its core broadcasting mission.
  4.  
  5. The ABC now provides radio, television, online and mobile services throughout metropolitan and regional Australia and overseas through ABC Australia and Radio Australia. The ABC's headquarters is in Ultimo, an inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales.
  6.  
  7. The operations of the ABC are governed by a board of directors, consisting of a managing director, five to seven directors, and until 2006, a staff-elected director. The managing director is appointed by the board for a period of up to five years, but is eligible for renewal. The authority and guidelines for the appointment of directors is provided for in the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act 1983.
  8.  
  9. Appointments to the ABC Board made by successive governments have often resulted in criticism of the appointees' political affiliation, background, and relative merit. Past appointments have associated directly with political parties – five of fourteen appointed chairmen have been accused of political affiliation or friendship, include Richard Downing and Ken Myer (both of whom publicly endorsed the Australian Labor Party at the 1972 election), as well as Sir Henry Bland. David Hill was close to Neville Wran, while Donald McDonald was considered to be a close friend of John Howard.
  10.  
  11. From 2003 the Howard Government made several controversial appointments to the ABC Board, including prominent ABC critic Janet Albrechtsen, Ron Brunton, and Keith Windschuttle.
  12.  
  13. During their 2007 federal election campaign, Labor announced plans to introduce a new system, similar to that of the BBC, for appointing members to the board. Under the new system, candidates for the ABC Board would be considered by an independent panel established "at arm's length" from the Communications Minister. If the minister chose someone not on the panel's shortlist, they would be required to justify this to parliament. The ABC chairman would be nominated by the prime minister and endorsed by the leader of the opposition.
  14.  
  15. The new merit-based appointment system was announced on 16 October, in advance of the new triennial funding period starting in 2009.
  16.  
  17. ===
  18. ABC, formerly known as The ABC National Television Service or ABC-TV from 1956 until 2008, and as ABC1 from 2008 until 2014, is a national public television network in Australia. Launched on 5 November 1956 it is the responsibility of the ABC's television division, and is available nationally. The ABC's headquarters is in Ultimo, an inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales.
  19.  
  20. The history of ABC-TV can be traced back to 1953, when the federal Television Act was passed, providing the initial regulatory framework for both ABC Television and ABC Commercial television networks under the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Over the next three years, planning for the introduction of a national television service was put in place – land for studios and transmitters in Sydney and Melbourne was acquired, and overseas tutors were brought to Australia to assist with training.
  21.  
  22. Commercial station TCN-9 Sydney was the first to broadcast in Australia, soon followed by the ABC's own ABN-2 Sydney and later ABV-2 in Melbourne. Six stations, three in Melbourne and three in Sydney, were in operation in time to cover the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne. The channel's first television broadcast was inaugurated by prime minister Robert Menzies on 5 November at the Gore Hill studios in Sydney, followed two weeks later by transmission in Melbourne.
  23.  
  24. Although radio programmes could be broadcast nationally by landline, television relay facilities were not put in place until the early 1960s. This meant that news bulletins had to be sent to each capital city by teleprinter, to be prepared and presented separately in each city, with filmed materials copied manually and sent to each state.
  25.  
  26. A purpose-built television studio opened in Sydney on 29 January 1958—replacing temporary sound studios used since ABC-TV's inception. In the same year, technical equipment was also moved to permanent locations, while main transmitters were introduced to Melbourne and Sydney in 1957 and 1958 respectively.
  27.  
  28. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) series which debuted in 1956 included TV Channell and Picture Page. Other 1950s-era Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) series included variety shows like Look Who's Dropped In and Café Continental, discussion series like Any Questions, and children's series Children's TV Club. Starting in 1957 the two ABC stations then in operation each produced one live drama presentation each month, which would be kinescoped for broadcast in the other city.
  29.  
  30. Weekly current-affairs programme Four Corners began in 1961, followed in the same year by Profiles of Power, a series of interviews with prominent Australians. Direct relays between Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra were also established in 1961, replacing temporary microwave relays as a means of simultaneously airing programmes across multiple stations. Videotape equipment, allowing the sharing of footage with much greater ease and speed, was installed in each state capital by 1962.
  31.  
  32. ABC-TV was one of the first television networks in Australia to embrace the rock'n'roll revolution of the late 1950s, most notably with Six O'Clock Rock, hosted by Johnny O'Keefe. During the 1960s and early 1970s the channel continued to broadcast programmes on popular music, including the pop show Hitscene, performance specials by groups such as Tully and Max Merritt & The Meteors, as well as the magazine-style programme GTK, which premiered in 1969 and screened for 10 minutes, four nights per week at 6:30 pm, immediately prior to Bellbird and the 7:00 pm news bulletin. In 1967, the weeknightly television current-affairs programme This Day Tonight was launched on ABC-TV.
  33.  
  34. Teletext services were introduced to ABC-TV in 1983 to allow hearing impaired viewers access to closed captions. Nationwide, successor to This Day Tonight, was replaced in turn by a new, hour-long, national news programme called The National. Having proved unsuccessful, it reverted to a state ABC News bulletin at 7:00 pm, with a state-based edition of The 7.30 Report following afterwards. Lateline and Media Watch also launched in the 1980s.
  35.  
  36. The year 2001 saw the launch of a new logo to celebrate the introduction of digital terrestrial television in Australia. The logo was modified to a three-dimensional metallic design. Coinciding with this, digital television was introduced to most of the network's coverage area on 1 January 2001 – this was soon followed by the gradual introduction of widescreen and high definition programming.
  37.  
  38. In 2002, to celebrate seventy years of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, ABC-TV's logo reverted to the "over and under" design seen in the previous decades, however it retained the three-dimensional metallic design. The channel's idents featured elements – fire, leaf and ice, and the slogan was updated to Everyone's ABC. The idents also featured the silver ring that morphs into the ABC logo. This however did not last, as later in 2003, the channel's idents were modified to feature everyday Australians.
  39.  
  40. In 2005, The ABC switched from the Supertext logo to their own Closed Captioning logo. On 19 December that year, the channel's idents were revamped featuring a modified ABC logo transforming to a television. These idents were also carried onto ABC2 (now ABC Comedy), which launched in the same year.
  41.  
  42. At midday on 8 February 2008 ABC-TV was rebranded as ABC1 with the standard-definition redirect channel moved from LCN22 to LCN21, complementing the existing ABC2 digital-only channel launched on 7 March 2005. Further cementing the change in identity was the change from the slogan There's more to television to It begins with 1. After concerns in some sections of the media that the 43-year-old Lissajous curve brand was to disappear completely, ABC management reaffirmed that it would remain in use by the corporation.
  43.  
  44. June 2010 saw ABC1's high definition digital transmission terminated, to be replaced with a fourth channel, ABC News 24.
  45.  
  46. As of 10 December 2013, ABC no longer broadcasts on analogue TV and is now only available through digital TV or digital set-top box.
  47.  
  48. On 6 February 2011, ABC1 launched its new branding via idents featuring a range of channel personalities including the face of the channel Adam Hills, with the new tagline – "ThinkEntertainment". A new watermark is also aired with a single "1" above the network's famous Lissajous curve logo.
  49.  
  50. On 20 July 2014, ABC1 changed its name back to just "ABC" and at the same time, they introduced new idents featuring the 1975 Lissajous curve logo being drawn by itself of videos of people doing activities (taken from ABC Open's video library). Then, the words "It's (Insert Words Here)'s ABC" (the words change depending on the ident) fade in on the left side of the logo. The words then change to "#OurABC", which is the network's new slogan. In 2018, these idents were updated. The "#OurABC" slogan at the end of each ident was changed to "Yours".
  51.  
  52. The new 2014 idents are all very similar to that of the 1996–1998, 1998–2000, 2003–2005, 2008–2011 and 2011-2014 ABC station idents in the past.
  53.  
  54. The 1975 logo was reinstated in February 2019, ending the gradient variant's 5-year run. The change came with a new on-air presentation fully implementing ABC's internal font 'ABC Sans'. They also revived the three-tone leitmotif from 1988 for a slew of new idents, which also harken back to the 1988 idents with a picture-in-picture theme.
  55.  
  56. ABC is required by charter to meet certain programming obligations. Although it has a strong focus on news and current affairs, it also presents documentaries and educational programmes, drama, light entertainment comedy and variety, and sports.
  57.  
  58. ABC News, broadcast on ABC, is a national news service produced by the News and Current Affairs division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. A number of bulletins and updates are shown throughout the day, which include the flagship state-based evening bulletins of ABC News at 7.00 pm, focused on local, national and international news relevant to their entire respective state or territory. In addition, ABC News Breakfast is broadcast each morning and it is also shown on the ABC News 24, ABC News at Noon, a national edition of ABC News, is broadcast at noon live from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's studios in Ultimo, Sydney. News updates are presented nationally only on both the ABC News 24 and ABC throughout the day, however evening updates are shown in most states by their respective presenters.
  59.  
  60. Other flagship programmes, which include Four Corners, Australian Story, Foreign Correspondent and 7.30, are broadcast in primetime and are widely respected for their agenda-setting journalism. In addition, Landline, Insiders, Offsiders, Media Watch cover rural, political and business, sport and media affairs respectively.
  61.  
  62. ABC Sport currently holds the broadcast rights to a range of sports, which are broadcast on ABC, these include the Women's Australian Open, W-League, Women's National Basketball League, AFC Women's Asian Cup. In addition to this, The ABC also holds the rights to the Paralympic Games and the Australian Rugby Championship.
  63.  
  64. ABC Sport currently broadcasts Grandstand which includes the state football leagues such as New South Wales Rugby Union, Queensland Rugby League, Victorian Football League, Tasmanian Football League, South Australian Football League, West Australian Football League, and Northern Territory Football League. in addition to Tiwi Islands Football League and Australian Rugby Championship.
  65.  
  66. ABC television news bulletins are broadcast throughout the day — including the flagship nightly 7 pm state-based bulletins. Bulletins focus strongly on issues of state relevance, with a greater inclusion of national and international news items than are found in the news bulletins of commercial broadcasters.
  67.  
  68. ABC News Breakfast is broadcast weekdays from 6 am – 9 am on ABC and ABC News 24 from ABC's Melbourne studio and is presented by Michael Rowland and Lisa Millar, sport presenter Paul Kennedy and weather presenter Nate Byrne. The program is also shown online and on ABC Australia in the Asia Pacific region.
  69.  
  70. ABC News Weekend Breakfast is broadcast weekends from 7 am – 11 am on ABC and ABC News 24 from ABC's main national news studio in Sydney at Ultimo and is presented by Johanna Nicholson and Fauziah Ibrahim.
  71.  
  72. ABC News Mornings is presented by Joe O'Brien from the ABC's main national news studio in Sydney at Ultimo, and airs weekdays at 9 am on ABC and ABC News 24. Sport is presented by Paul Kennedy and weather is presented by Nate Byrne, both from the Melbourne studios.
  73.  
  74. ABC News at Noon is presented by Ros Childs (weekdays) and Miriam Corowa (weekends) from the ABC's main national news studio in the Sydney suburb of Ultimo, and airs on ABC and ABC News 24 in each Australian state and territory at midday Australian Eastern Standard/Daylight Time. A separate edition of the bulletin is produced for Western Australia two to three hours after the original broadcast, as the time delay was deemed too long to remain up-to-date. The bulletin was launched in February 2005 to replace the less successful Midday News and Business, preceded in turn by the long-running World at Noon.
  75.  
  76. ABC News Early Edition is presented by Tamara Oudyn from ABC's Melbourne studios and airs weekdays at 5 pm on ABC in each Australian state and territory. Weather is presented by Paul Higgins.
  77.  
  78. 7.30 is presented by Leigh Sales from the ABC's main national news studio in Ultimo, Sydney on ABC at 7:30 pm, weeknights. However, when a big state political event happens, the national program can be pre-empted by the local edition.
  79.  
  80. ABC Late News is presented by Andrew Geoghegan from the ABC's main national news studios in Ultimo, Sydney on ABC at 10.30pm, weeknights. A separate edition is presented from Perth for Western Australia by Michael Tetlow on ABC at 10:30 pm (western time) and then ABC News 24 at midnight (eastern time) and 1:00 am. Later, he also hosts 15-minute ABC News Overnight bulletins.
  81.  
  82. National news updates are presented on ABC throughout the day with evening updates presented live in most states by the respective state news presenters. The ABC's Brisbane studios produces the 8:30 pm weeknight update and it is presented by Matt Wordsworth. National updates are also available on demand via ABC News Online.
  83.  
  84. ABC News' flagship 7 pm bulletin is produced and presented every night from the capital city of each state and territory and features a national financial bulletin presented on weeknights by Alan Kohler in Melbourne.
  85.  
  86. ABC News Canberra is presented from the ABC's Dickson studio by Dan Bourchier on weeknights and Craig Allen on weekends. Weekend bulletins feature local sport bulletins presented by Chris Kimball.
  87.  
  88. ABC News New South Wales is presented from the ABC's (Ultimo, New South Wales) studio by Juanita Phillips from Sunday to Thursday and Jeremy Fernandez on Friday and Saturday. Weather is presented by Graham Creed on weeknights. Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Kirsten Aiken, Gemma Veness, Karina Carvalho and Lara Hyams.
  89.  
  90. ABC News Northern Territory is presented from ABC's Northern Darwin studio by Amy Culpitt from Sunday to Thursday and Nick Hose on Friday and Saturday.
  91.  
  92. ABC News Queensland is presented from the ABC's Queensland headquarters on Brisbane's South Bank by Matt Wordsworth on weeknights and Jessica van Vonderen on weekends. Weather is presented by Jenny Woodward from Monday to Thursday and Craig Zonca on Friday. Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Ellie Sibson, Ashleigh Stevenson and Rebecca Hyam.
  93.  
  94. ABC News South Australia is presented from the ABC's Collinswood studio by Jessica Harmsen on weeknights and Emma Rebellato on weekends. Weekend bulletins feature local sport bulletins presented by Alina Eacott. Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Stacey Lee, Richard Davies and Neil Cross.
  95.  
  96. ABC News Tasmania is presented from the ABC's Hobart studio by Guy Stayner on weeknights and Angela Ross on weekends. Weather is presented by Simon McCulloch on weeknights.
  97.  
  98. ABC News Victoria is presented from ABC Victoria's Southbank studio by Tamara Oudyn on weeknights and Mary Gearin on weekends. Weather is presented by Paul Higgins on weeknights. Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Paul Higgins, Mary Gearin, Ben Knight, James Hancock and Nate Byrne.
  99.  
  100. ABC News Western Australia is presented from ABC WA's East Perth studio by Pamela Medlen on weeknights and Charlotte Hamlyn on weekends. Tom Wildie presents sport on weekends, with Weather being presented by Irena Ceranic on weeknights. Fill-in presenters for the bulletin include Frances Bell, Briana Shepherd, Charlotte Hamlyn, Michael Tetlow, Ben Gubana and Herlyn Kaur.
  101.  
  102. ===
  103. ABC Comedy is an Australian free-to-air television channel that was launched on 7 March 2005 as ABC2; it is owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The channel broadcasts a range of comedy supplemented with repeats of popular ABC TV programmes. Between the hours of 5am and 7.30pm daily the channel's bandwidth is used for the ABC Kids channel for young children. It was announced by the ABC that on 4 December 2017, ABC2 would be rebranded as ABC Comedy, ending the use of the ABC2 name after 12 years.
  104.  
  105. The history of the channel can be traced back to 1998 when the Australian Broadcasting Authority released a report, titled Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting, recommending that the Australian Government support the early introduction of digital broadcasting as a free-to-air service with the loan of a 7 MHz channel for each broadcaster. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation stated that it wished to run up to four multichannels at different times of the day or alternatively offer a high-definition television channel. The corporation claimed that up to A$100 million would be needed to prepare for these services, half of which would need to be government-funded.
  106.  
  107. In August 2001 the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched the ABC Kids channel, with Fly TV following in November 2001. The two multichannels, available only through digital terrestrial television, broadcast a range of programming targeted at younger and teenage viewers. Funding issues meant that, in June 2003, ABC Television closed ABC Kids and Fly TV. Unlike its predecessors, ABC2 launched on 7 March 2005 on channel 21, independent of government funding, instead running on a budget of A$3 million per year. The first programme in the launch schedule was an episode of Landline – although scheduled to begin at 6.25am, the programme was delayed ten minutes. The channel was officially inaugurated by former Minister for Communications, Senator Helen Coonan, at the Australian Parliament House in Canberra on 10 March 2005.
  108.  
  109. Weekly video gaming and technology programme Good Game was launched on 19 September 2006, becoming one of the first programmes in its genre to be broadcast on free-to-air television in Australia. Similarly in the same year, programmes produced included Australia Wide, Short and Curly, dig tv and Late Night Legends.
  110.  
  111. Genre restrictions imposed by the Australian government on digital multichanneling were lifted along with the media ownership laws passed through the Australian parliament on 18 October 2006. Previously limited in the subjects it could cover, ABC2 was henceforth able to carry shows identified as comedy, drama, national news, sport or entertainment.
  112.  
  113. On 1 January 2008 the Australian Broadcasting Corporation announced the introduction of live coverage and programme content on ABC2 from the Australian Film Commission, Opera Australia, and the Australian Ballet.
  114.  
  115. At 12:00pm on 8 February 2008 ABC2 was rebranded with a new slogan and yellow-coloured logo, complementing the new ABC TV logo, which was concurrently revamped as ABC (formerly ABC1). The channel also moved from channel 21 to channel 22.
  116.  
  117. With a new controller, ABC2 continued as a children's channel in the daytime, changing over to adult programmes at 7.00 PM. In 2011, ABC2 Kids changed logos, becoming ABC4 Kids, but was changed to a classic-like logo in 2015, rebranding as ABC Kids.
  118.  
  119. On 4 December 2017 ABC2 was re-branded as ABC Comedy to end the channel's 12-year run.
  120.  
  121. ===
  122. ABC Kids is the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's part-time channel, broadcasting shows between the hours of 5 am and 7:30 pm in each local Australian channel. It is aimed for children 6 and under. ABC Kids shares the same bandwidth as ABC Comedy which broadcasts outside ABC Kids' scheduled hours and supplements the flagship ABC channel with extra adult-oriented programming.
  123.  
  124. In 1991, all children's programming on the ABC was organized into a daily broadcasting block under the name ABC For Kids. This new programming block featured a range of programming ranging from preschoolers to young children and included both old and new content. The logo featured six blocks (3 across, 2 down) with the top row lettered "A", "B" and "C", and the bottom row featuring an apple, a bee and a carrot beneath their respective letter.
  125.  
  126. In 2001, the ABC For Kids timeslot was rebranded as ABC Kids and content was expanded to include shows for older children as well as younger children. A new logo, was also introduced, featuring a solid green Lissajous curve (taken from the ABC's logo) overlaid with "ABC Kids" in lowercase blue letters.
  127.  
  128. In addition to the daily broadcasting block on the ABC, a new children's channel with the ABC Kids branding commenced transmission nationally on 1 August 2001 on channel 21, becoming ABC Television's first digital multichannel service. The service was officially inaugurated by former ABC Managing Director, Jonathan Shier, at the Australian Parliament House in Canberra on 7 August 2001. The ABC launched the channel without additional funding, hoping that its success would prompt an additional government grant. ABC Kids was broadcast from 6:00 am to 6:00 pm, with the remaining broadcasting time occupied by its sister service, Fly TV.
  129.  
  130. Fly TV was launched on 1 November 2001 to feature programming aimed at teenagers and young adults and broadcast a 6-hour block from 6:00 pm to 12:00 am, which was repeated again from 12:00 am to 6:00 am. In addition to their availability on free-to-air television, the ABC Kids and Fly TV channels were also available on Austar channel 14 and Optus TV channel 21.
  131.  
  132. The ABC Kids and Fly TV channels were discontinued on 30 June 2003 in the first of a series of cuts to save around A$25 million a year for the ABC. The ABC could not secure government funding to keep the channel on-air, and the sluggish uptake of digital television in Australia at the time made justifying a digital-only channel with a low viewership against the cost of keeping the channel on air difficult. However, the ABC Kids brand still remained throughout this period on the ABC's daily children's broadcasting block.
  133.  
  134. After the close of the ABC Kids and Fly TV channels, programming for younger Fly TV viewers was integrated into the ABC Kids broadcasting block.
  135.  
  136. In 2009, two daily blocks of children's programming were launched as ABC For Kids, running from 8:00 am to 11:00 am and 2:55 pm to 4:00 pm on ABC. From 2 May 2009, a new preschool children's block, ABC For Kids on 2 was launched on ‘’’ABC2’’’ (now ABC Comedy) in 2009–2011, featuring children's programming everyday until 6 pm. Some ABC2 programmes had to be cancelled or relocated to other channels, such as Rage. The classic ABC For Kids logo from 1991 was rendered in 3D when the ABC for Kids name was revived.
  137.  
  138. On 2 May 2011, all children's programming was removed from the main ABC channel and was divided between the ABC2 children's block and ABC3 (now ABC Me). The ABC2 children's block was rebranded as ABC4 Kids and was refocused as a part-time channel for preschoolers sharing the same bandwidth of ABC2 between 6 am and 7 pm. A new logo based on the ABC3 logo was also introduced.
  139.  
  140. Broadcasting of the channel was rescheduled to begin at 5 am instead of 6 am on 7 July 2014.
  141.  
  142. On 2 March 2015, the name of the channel was changed to ABC Kids and a new logo inspired by the classic children's logo was unveiled.
  143.  
  144. Within the rebrand of ABC Comedy on 4 December 2017, broadcasting of the channel was rescheduled to end at 7:30 pm instead of 7 pm.
  145.  
  146. The channel again received a new logo and look on 17 March 2020, introducing three animated characters based on the classic logo (an apple, a bee and a crocodile named Croc, instead of a carrot). The rebrand was designed by ABC Made, the ABC's in-house award-winning creative team.
  147.  
  148. ===
  149. ABC Me (stylised as ABC ME) is an Australian children's free-to-air television channel owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It was officially launched by then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on 4 December 2009 as ABC3.
  150.  
  151. In September 2009, the Australian government announced a proposal to launch a new digital-only children's channel, ABC3. A new ABC channel appeared on television receivers in 2008, as a placeholder for the future ABC3 channel. ABC3 was considered by the Australia 2020 Summit and given as one of the recommendations to the Government. In April 2009, the Government's official response to the Summit approved the idea, and in the 2009–10 Commonwealth Budget $67 million was allocated towards ABC3 as part of the Government's $167 million funding increase to the ABC.
  152.  
  153. On 18 June 2009, the corporation began its first public ABC3 campaign to scout for new hosting talent. On 22 October 2009, eight presenters were announced. Amberley Lobo and Kayne Tremills would host Studio 3, with Ben Crawley as a roving reporter, he later joined the show What Do You Know? alongside Dr Rhythm. Scott Tweedie would host Prank Patrol, while Hannah Wang and Mitch Tomlinson were named as co-hosts of Rush TV and Stephanie Bendixsen and Steven O'Donnell were hosts of Good Game: Spawn Point, made for younger gamers, a spin-off of the ABC2 TV series Good Game, made for older gamers.
  154.  
  155. On 4 December 2009 at 5pm, the hour-long Countdown to 3 special was broadcast on the channel and was simulcast on ABC1. It featured special performances from Australian artists Cassie Davis and Short Stack, an introduction to various ABC3 presenters and shows and the station's launch around 6pm by then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd.
  156.  
  157. In 2011, James Elmer joined as co-host of Studio 3 along with Kayne and Amberley. On 4 December 2011, the winners from the MeOn3 contest were revealed as Alfie Gledhill and Olivia Phyland. On 14 September 2012, Alfie left Studio 3 to pursue acting dreams. In October 2012, Comedian Khaled Khalafala joined Studio 3, and stayed with the crew until early 2013 before leaving. In March 2013 the Janitor (Dave Cartel) and Bubbles the goldfish supposedly left Studio 3 for Venezuela, with Bubbles being replaced with a new goldfish called Alexis. Tim Matthews, Grace Koh and Ivy Latimer later joined James and Liv in June 2014 after winning The 3 Factor competition.
  158.  
  159. In August 2016, it was announced that ABC3 would rebrand as ABC ME on 19 September 2016. The rebranded channel is reported to be "designed to reflect and celebrate the lives, interests and diversity of young Australians" and will increase its focus to primary school children. To mark the rebrand, ABC ME teamed up with 16 year old Australian singer Angel Tairua to record a new song Unique (Me2U) to celebrate the launch of ABC ME.
  160.  
  161. The channel's programming runs from 5:30 am to around 10:30 pm everyday, and targets the 7-17-year-old age group. During the stations off hours, the station displays a signpost saying "returns at 5:30 am" with audio from the digital radio station ABC Jazz before reopening again the next day. It broadcasts a range of genres, including comedy, drama, music, animation, extreme sports, wildlife and news-based programmes.
  162.  
  163. The channel aims to feature at least 50% Australian produced content. News To Me is a show that is hosted by the channel's presenters. It premiered on Monday 19 September 2016 at 5:10 pm and is produced by the in-house Children's production team, alongside Good Game: Spawn Point, and Let's Go. Other programs which air on the channel include the historical drama My Place, sitcom Mal.com, animation series Little J & Big Cuz, a news and current affairs show produced by the team from Behind the News (the longest running program on ABC ME) and a sketch comedy You're Skitting Me.
  164.  
  165. Program playout for ABC ME is controlled from ABQ, the ABC's Brisbane station via the ABC's playout facility, MediaHub. Programmes such as Studio 3 and Prank Patrol were filmed and produced at ABV in Melbourne.
  166.  
  167. Unlike commercial channels, ABC ME is not constrained by a local content quota and portions of its programming are sourced from foreign broadcasters such as CBBC (as Children's BBC), ZDF and Yoopa.
  168.  
  169. ===
  170. ABC News 24 is an Australian 24-hour news channel launched and owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The channel commenced broadcasting at 7:30 pm (AEST) on Thursday, 22 July 2010.
  171.  
  172. The ABC announced in January 2010 that it planned to launch a 24-hour news channel. The logo of ABC News 24 was revealed by Freeview in their new promotion on Tuesday 22 June. The official promotional reel for the channel was launched on digital channel 24 between 6 and 8 July.
  173.  
  174. Speculation about a launch date for the channel took place in the weeks prior to the official announcement. The Daily Telegraph claimed in early July that the channel would be delayed due to technical issues at the ABC's new playout facility, MediaHub, in south west Sydney while other outlets reported that the channel was on track to begin in mid-July.
  175.  
  176. The ABC announced on 13 July 2010 that the channel would have its first live broadcast on 22 July.
  177.  
  178. ABC News 24's programming consists of a mix of live news bulletins, timeshifted repeats of existing ABC News and Current Affairs output, live broadcasts from events (such as Parliament Question Time and selected press conferences), documentaries and factual and arts programming. These draw upon the ABC's own resources and those of its partner broadcasters, the BBC, SABC, TVNZ, PBS, NHK, and Al Jazeera English.
  179.  
  180. On weekdays, throughout most of the day, straight news programming is presented from one of the studios in Ultimo. At 6:30pm (AEST/AEDT), the channel features the topical debate programme The Drum, which is also the weekdays' sole non-hard news show. General rolling news continues from 7pm AEST/AEDT (only interrupted from 9:45pm to 11pm by a specialist Asian-focused business bulletin and The World) before ABC News switches to the overnight format at 12:30am AEST/AEDT which features a mix of repeats of the day's programs and (usually live) news content from the partner broadcasters. Live ABC-produced news bulletins air once per hour until 4am AEST/AEDT.
  181.  
  182. On weekends, except the Weekend Breakfast news block, the channel airs a live news bulletin at the top of almost all hours, which lasts 15 or 30 minutes. Occasionally it is a one-minute headline recap. A live news hour is featured on Sundays at 7pm. ABC News 24 switches to the overnight format at 12:15am AEST/AEDT, without any live newscast until the next morning.
  183.  
  184. Existing shows News Breakfast and ABC News at Noon are broadcast live on ABC News 24 at the same time as on ABC TV in AEST/AEDT time zones; viewers in the AWST and ACST time zones can choose to watch these programs either live (on ABC News 24) or on delay in their local time (on ABC TV). In addition, The Business is shown in an earlier timeslot than currently scheduled on ABC TV.
  185.  
  186. Overnight ABC News 24 uses "satellite" programming, mainly from BBC World News which mostly uses the main BBC News bulletins. These BBC World News broadcasts come live into ABC News 24 before being broadcast around Australia. About two Al Jazeera English Newshours are also broadcast. However, since 2018, the overnight programming has slowly refocused on rebroadcasts of the channel's daytime live shows like The Drum and The World (on weekdays), and ABC's own live news updates have increasingly carried.
  187.  
  188. ===
  189. ABC Australia is an Asia-Pacific pay television channel, launched in 1993 and operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The channel broadcasts a mix of programming, including lifestyle, drama, sports, English-language learning programs, children's programming and news and current affairs to viewers across East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands.
  190.  
  191. It is partially funded by Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, as well as some advertising (unlike the ABC's domestic television services). It is part of the ABC's International, Corporate Strategy and Governance division.
  192.  
  193. Australia Television International was launched on 17 February 1993. It was originally a part of the so-called "Gang of Five", which was a consortium that was set up to compete against Star TV in the region. (The others in the group were CNN International, HBO, ESPN International [with its Asian operations] and TVB [with TVB Superchannel]) The consortium's channels were initially transmitted via Palapa satellite, but were later also added to Apstar satellite.
  194.  
  195. Radio Australia had been operating as part of the ABC since 1939 while the passing of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Act in 1983 allowed the Corporation to operate an additional international television service. The channel was originally proposed by directors Mark Armstrong (television executive) and David Hill, who felt that a television channel would further heighten Australia's presence in the Asia-Pacific region and demonstrate the ABC's technical abilities.
  196.  
  197. The new channel was to be funded by a combination of government subsidies and commercial sponsorship. The presence of commercials, not previously seen or heard on the ABC, resulted in the creation of an updated edition of the ABC Editorial and Programme Practices stipulating that the 'Australia Television service will retain editorial control and independence in all programming'. Paul Keating launched Australia Television International on 17 February 1993 – televised live to 50 countries in the southeast Asian region, from the ABC's television studios in Gore Hill. The actual broadcast was from the Darwin uplink where Dominic Stone, the service's Program Director and David Hill, Managing Director of the ABC commissioned the first transmission.
  198.  
  199. Funding cuts made in the 1997–1998 federal budget, and recommendations made in the Mansfield Report, meant that control of Australia Television was handed over to the Seven Network in 1998. Under Seven's direction the channel continued to receive federal funding, and carry some ABC News.
  200.  
  201. Despite efforts made by Seven to expand into Asia using the service, it continued to lose money. In 2002, the government announced a five-year, $50 million tender for the service – at the time watched primarily by Australian expats for its news programmes, football coverage, and children's programming. Seven chose not to bid, while Imparja Television's application was unsuccessful. The ABC won the contract and Australia Television was rebranded as ABC Asia Pacific on 1 January 2002, with content from the Seven Network, Nine Network, Network Ten, and the ABC's own original content, as well as news bulletins produced by Sky News Australia.
  202.  
  203. The tender was renewed in 2005 however the ABC was re-awarded control of the service, over other applicants including Sky News Australia. Soon after, the network stopped showing content from Sky News Australia, replaced with bulletins produced by the ABC's own news and current affairs division from its Southbank studios in Melbourne.
  204.  
  205. ABC Asia Pacific changed its name to Australia Network on 7 August 2006, at the same time introducing a number of new programs, as well as the expansion of its existing news programs and English-language learning programs. Following a restructure of the ABC in early 2007, Australia Network became a part of the Corporation's International, Corporate Strategy and Governance division.
  206.  
  207. The channel was not available in Australia or New Zealand, owing to rights restrictions, although ABC News for Australia Network bulletins were carried overnight on ABC News 24 and Al Jazeera English in Australia and on Face TV in New Zealand. Several Australia Network programmes are also available online in Australia on the ABC's iview platform. Australia Network became available in Malaysia on Astro (Channel 514) in December 2008.
  208.  
  209. In 2010 the Australian Government invited media organisations to submit tenders to deliver the Australia Network for 10 years, despite the tender evaluation board repeatedly selecting Sky News Australia as having a superior offering of better value than the ABC, the government awarded the contract to the ABC. The awarding of the Australia Network to the ABC was subsequently heavily criticised by the Auditor General for Australia and the government was forced pay millions in compensation to Sky News.
  210.  
  211. In the 2014 Australian federal budget, all funding to the Australia Network was cut and its closure was announced, days before it was about to sign a contract with Shanghai Media Holdings to begin broadcasting in China. 80 jobs, mostly in Melbourne, were lost and the government was forced to compensate the Australian Broadcasting Corporation 10 million dollars for breaking its contract.
  212.  
  213. Following the closure of Australian Network, Australia Plus, a new multi-platform international service was launched on 29 September 2014 as a replacement. The channel continued to broadcast entertainment, sports, education and English learning shows from ABC through Asia and Pacific partners. Big events from Australia, such as Melbourne Cup, Sydney's New Year's Eve Fireworks and the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race were also featured on the channel.
  214.  
  215. Australia Plus was rebranded as ABC Australia on 1 July 2018. ABC Head of International Strategy David Hua said, “The rebranding of the international television service makes sense to our audiences overseas, who want distinctive Australian content from a highly-respected media organisation.” The rebranding came just weeks after the lifting of the geo-blocking of the ABC News 24 live stream on the ABC website and YouTube channels.
  216.  
  217. In addition to those listed below, the now rebadged ABC Australia shows a range of programming targeted at audiences within the region, including evening news bulletins at two-hour intervals targeted at different parts of the region, and a number of English-language educational programs produced by the Network including Study English, Living English, English Bites and The Business of English. Drama series shown include Home and Away, Offspring, Packed to the Rafters, Rake, The Doctor Blake Mysteries, The Time of Our Lives, factual entertainment programs Bondi Vet, One Plus One (TV program), and Cosmo Times, lifestyle programs Big Break, Food Safari and Poh's Kitchen, music program Rage, light entertainment programs Gruen Planet, Good Game and Good Game SP, the children's shows Play School, Blue Water High, A gURLs wURLd, and Scope. The news programming of the channel is produced and broadcast from the ABN news studios in Sydney, the headquarters of the ABC News 24 and the network news service.
  218.  
  219. ===
  220. ABC Local Radio is a network of publicly owned radio stations in Australia, operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  221.  
  222. ABC Local Radio stations broadcast across the continent using terrestrial transmitters and satellites. Its programming consists of news, current affairs, talkback, entertainment, sport, music and local affairs. They are usually reckoned as the flagship ABC radio stations in their areas.
  223.  
  224. Depending on the time of day and the day of the week, programming can either be purely local (typically on weekday mornings), broadcast from the state or territory capital city ABC station, or simulcast across all ABC Local Radio services across the country (typically overnight, public holidays, in the summer months and on weekends).
  225.  
  226. Originally, Local Radio was known internally as ABC Radio 1 in metropolitan regions and ABC Radio 3 in regional areas. Radio 1 was a largely local format while Radio 3 was more networked and included content from the national programme, Radio 2.
  227.  
  228. In the 1980s, Radio National emerged from Radio 2 and Radio 3 dropped its Radio 2 content with Radio 1 becoming ABC Metropolitan Radio and Radio 3 becoming ABC Regional Radio. The Regional Radio stations provided local programming in breakfast and drive but networked common content for most of their broadcasting hours. Some different, local market formats emerged, including the Darwin Metro 8DDD, FM105.7 and Gold Coast Regional, ABC Coast FM (4SCR), 91.7. Up until the mid-1990s, the majority of the local radio stations identified on-air by frequency and callsign. In the 1990s, a different convention was used, generally as ABC Radio (region) or (region) FM.
  229.  
  230. In 2000, these two almost identical networks merged as ABC Local Radio. From this point all ABC Local Radio stations ceased to identify themselves according to their callsigns or other existing names, and instead use the format (frequency) ABC (region), or ABC (region) where there are multiple frequencies broadcasting the same service. However, as the callsigns were used continuously for up to seventy years and are much shorter than the new names, many long-term listeners still use these callsigns to refer to ABC Local Radio stations.
  231.  
  232. In January 2017, ABC Local Radio rebranded with a new logo. The new round logo reflects the dropping of the frequency number of each local radio station as part of the network's multiplatform philosophy. All stations now use the format ABC Radio with the region.
  233.  
  234. In April 2019, ABC Local Radio has begun a rollout of branding updates for its 44 regional bureaux. The roll out of being updated branding, ten regional stations are dropping call signs from their names and two stations are undergoing a significant name change to better identify their local region.
  235.  
  236. There are sixty ABC Local Radio stations across 53 regions, including 52 regional stations and 8 metropolitan stations. The metropolitan stations originate most of their own programming. The regional stations simulcast one of the metropolitan stations (usually the state capital station) most of the time, but produce limited programming of their own for one or two hours each day.
  237.  
  238. State bulletins are produced by the ABC Local Radio station from the capital city of each state and mainland territory. They are broadcast to all ABC Local Radio and ABC Radio National stations in each state, and focus strongly on issues of state relevance, but also feature national and international stories. National bulletins air when state bulletins are not produced. ABC Local Radio stations broadcast a flagship 15 minute state bulletin at 7:45 am, one of the only bulletins still introduced by the 18 second version of Majestic Fanfare. All other bulletins are introduced by a 9-second version of Majestic Fanfare. ABC Radio National and ABC Classic FM stations do not broadcast the 7:45 am bulletin, instead broadcasting an ordinary 8:00 am state bulletin and a 10-minute 7 am bulletin respectively, and continue to broadcast bulletins every hour when Local Radio stations broadcast bulletins every 30 minutes in the early morning.
  239.  
  240. ===
  241. ABC Radio National, known on-air as RN, is an Australia-wide Public Service Broadcasting radio network run by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  242.  
  243. Radio National broadcasts national programming in subjects that include news and current affairs, the arts, social issues, science, drama and comedy. Some programs are relayed on Radio Australia, the ABC's international broadcasting service which was transmitted on shortwave until January 2017, as well as 24-hour FM stations, local relay stations and live satellite.
  244.  
  245. Radio National currently has 327 transmitter sites and covers over 98% of the permanently inhabited areas of Australia. Remote areas are served by satellite service.
  246.  
  247. All radio programs are available for live streaming over the Internet, and most (excluding drama, poetry and music) as audio-on-demand, or for download as MP3s for at least four weeks after broadcast. Some programs are available as MP3s going back to 2005, when Radio National commenced podcasting.
  248.  
  249. From 1928, the National Broadcasting Service, as part of the federal Postmaster-General's Department, gradually took over responsibility for all the existing stations that were sponsored by public licence fees ("A" Class licences). The outsourced Australian Broadcasting Company supplied programs from 1929. In 1932 a commission was established, merging the original ABC company and the National Broadcasting Service. It is from this time that Radio National dates as a distinct network within the ABC, in which a system of program relays was developed during the subsequent decades to link stations spread across the nation.
  250.  
  251. Radio National's Sydney station 2FC first test broadcast on 5 December 1923 and officially went to air on 9 January 1924. 2FC stood for Farmer and Company, the original owner of the station before the ABC took it over.
  252.  
  253. The origins of the other stations in the network were:
  254. 3AR Melbourne – 26 January 1924 "Associated Radio Company of Australia", organized by Esmond Laurence Kiernan and others.
  255. 5CL Adelaide – 20 November 1924 "Central Broadcasters Ltd"
  256. 7ZL Hobart – 17 December 1924
  257. 4QG Brisbane – 27 July 1925 "Queensland Government" (operated by the Queensland Radio Service, an agency within the Office of the Chief Secretary)
  258. 6WN Perth – 5 October 1938 "Wanneroo"
  259. 2CY Canberra – 23 December 1938
  260. 2NA Newcastle – 20 December 1943
  261.  
  262. The first transmitters for 2FC, 5CL and 4QG were made by AWA with power of 5 kW (note that until about 1931 in Australia, transmitter powers were defined in terms of DC input to final amplifier, typically about 3 times that of the power into the antenna; thus power today would be stated as about 1.7 kW). They used a MT7A valve for the final high power RF stage and a MT7B for the modulator. The power supply was 12,000 volts from three phase power rectified by MR7 valves. 4QG commenced with a 500 Watt transmitter which continued for about 6 months until the 5 kW unit was commissioned.
  263.  
  264. The radio transmitters for 3AR and 2FC were upgraded to 10 kW in a contract let in 1938 to STC. The transmitters were designed by Charles Strong in London, and were notable in using negative feedback to ensure a high quality flat frequency response.
  265.  
  266. From 1947 until the mid-1980s, "Radio 2" (as it came to be known) was broadcast to the major metropolitan centres, with a large broadcast footprint in adjacent areas due to the powerful AM transmitters in use. It contained most of the ABC's national programming.
  267.  
  268. The power level of 2FC and 3AR was upgraded to 50 kW in the early 1950s. The transmitters for these were housed in the same building as the radio 1 network. They were manufactured by STC. The final stage contained three parallel 3J/261E air cooled triodes running in class C amplifier at 90% efficiency. These were driven by a class B push-pull modulator with the same type of valves. That of 5CL had to wait until late 1961, when a new joint facility with 5AN was opened at Pimpala.
  269.  
  270. In the 1970s, the network's program format began to take on a more serious tone, a style which continues to this day. Art critic Peter Timm later remarked that the network is "virtually the only non-print media forum for art in this country."
  271.  
  272. In the early 1980s the broadcast footprint was extended with the construction of the first of over 300 regional FM transmitters (including community re-broadcast sites). In 1985, the ABC renamed "Radio 2" as "Radio National".
  273.  
  274. Since 1990, all Radio National stations have had the same callsign format, Radio National preceded by the appropriate number for the state or territory, sometimes followed by the locality (e.g., "2RN Sydney", "3RN Melbourne").
  275.  
  276. As a result of cuts in the 1996–97 budget, Radio National was hit with a reduction of a million dollars in its funding, with a significant impact on programming.
  277.  
  278. In January 2012 Radio National was rebranded as RN, partly in recognition of the stations growing digital audience. RN has also been used as shorthand for the station's name by many presenters going back several years. The stations tagline, which has changed regularly over the years, was also changed to "Your World Unfolding" to mesh with the station's new logo and visual identity.
  279.  
  280. ===
  281. Triple J (stylized in all lowercase) is a government-funded, national Australian radio station intended to appeal to listeners of alternative music, which began broadcasting in January 1975. The station also places a greater emphasis on broadcasting Australian content compared to commercial stations. Triple J is a division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  282.  
  283. 2JJ commenced broadcasting at 11:00 am, Sunday 19 January 1975, at 1540 kHz (which switched to 1539kHz in 1978) on the AM band. The new Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) station was given the official call-sign 2JJ, but soon became commonly known as Double J. The station was restricted largely to the greater Sydney region, and its local reception was hampered by inadequate transmitter facilities. However, its frequency was a clear channel nationally, so it was easily heard at night throughout south-eastern Australia. After midnight the station would often use ABC networks – during their off air time slot – to increase its broadcasting range.
  284.  
  285. Its first broadcast demonstrated a determination to distinguish itself from other Australian radio stations. The first on-air presenter, DJ Holger Brockmann, notably used his own name (a deliberate reference to his former work for top-rated Sydney pop station 2SM). Owing to 2SM's restrictive policies at the time, Brockmann, whose real name was considered "too foreign-sounding", had been forced to work using the pseudonym "Bill Drake" in prior positions. After an introductory audio collage that featured sounds from the countdown and launch of Apollo 11, Brockmann launched the station's first-ever broadcast with the words, "Wow, and we're away!", and then cued The Skyhooks' You Just Like Me 'Cos I'm Good in Bed.
  286.  
  287. The choice of a Skyhooks song to introduce the station was significant, as it represented several important features of the Double Jay brand at the time. Choosing an Australian band reflected Double J's commitment to Australian content at a time when American acts dominated commercial pop stations. The song was one of several tracks from the Skyhooks' album that had been banned from airplay on commercial radio by the industry's peak body.
  288.  
  289. Because Double J was a government-funded station operating under the umbrella of the ABC, it was not bound by commercial-radio censorship codes, and was not answerable to advertisers or the station owners. In contrast, their Sydney rival, 2SM, was owned by a holding company controlled by the Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney, resulting in the ban or editing of numerous songs.
  290.  
  291. 2JJ was a product of the progressive media policies of the Whitlam Government of 1972–75, and combined influences from several earlier ABC programs, such as "Room to Move", as well as the freewheeling programming policies of British pirate radio and BBC Radio 1, which was created to target the pirate radio audience. The inspiration gained from the UK led to Double J adopting the tradition of weekly, live-in-the-studio performances by pop and rock bands. Gough Whitlam was unable to also fulfill his aspiration for the establishment of a "National Youth Radio Network", as he was controversially sacked.
  292.  
  293. On 1 August 1980 2JJ began broadcasting on the FM band at a frequency of 105.7 MHz (again restricted to within the greater Sydney region) and became 2JJJ (later, triple j). Test transmissions in the lead-up to the FM launch used the innovative device of broadcasting stereo audio-verité recordings made by ABC staff, and, in a deliberate echo of the original Double Jay launch, the first song played on the new FM incarnation was another track then banned from commercial radio, "Gay Guys" by Dugites. Through the mid-to-late eighties, triple j continued to pioneer new music and developed a wide range of special-interest programs including the Japanese pop show Nippi Rock Shop, Arnold Frolows' weekly late-night ambient music show Ambience, and Jaslyn Hall's world music show, the first of its kind on Australian mainstream radio.
  294.  
  295. triple j frequently features new, alternative music and local Australian performers, and programming which used to show a bias against bubblegum pop and top 40 hits. triple j has nightly specialist programs in different musical genres. It also covers news and current affairs from a youth-oriented perspective, although this facet of its programming has been reduced considerably since the station's inception.
  296.  
  297. In common with other Australian radio stations, triple j has also gradually increased the amount of talkback content in its programming. There are several reasons for this. Most importantly, it provides an inexpensive and popular source of program content, and also provides the appearance of listener interactivity and involvement. Like many other former 'all music' stations, triple j has had to respond to the advent of music file-sharing, digital music players, and other digital music innovations, which have drastically reduced listeners' dependence on radio as a means of accessing music.
  298.  
  299. triple j broadcasts its own news bulletins between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm on weekdays, and between 7:00 am and noon on weekends. A remix of the original 1943 Majestic Fanfare recording, utilising elements from NWA's F**k tha Police and Prince's Gett Off has been used as the signature tune for Triple J's news bulletins since 1991.
  300.  
  301. ===
  302. ABC Classic is a classical music radio station available in Australia and internationally. Its website features classical music news, features and listening guides. It is operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).
  303.  
  304. ABC Classic was established in 1976 as "ABC-FM", and later for a short time was known as "ABC Fine Music" (a play on the letters FM). It became known as ABC Classic FM in 1994, before adopting its current name in January 2019. It was the ABC's first experiment in FM broadcasting – which had become a necessity in Australia as broadcasters ran out of AM frequencies on which to transmit. ABC Classic FM was inspired partly by the example of BBC Radio 3.
  305.  
  306. ABC Classic FM's studios were established at the ABC studios in Collinswood, a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. The ABC's decision to establish ABC Classic FM in Adelaide was significant because most of the ABC's radio and television national program origination infrastructure is located in Sydney.
  307.  
  308. ABC Classic broadcasts classical music, operas, recitals and live concerts. Live music is a major feature of ABC Classic schedule. Concerts are broadcast from around Australia and Internationally, via the European Broadcasting Union. ABC Classic has long featured contemporary music from Australia and internationally, in part through its specialty programs New Music Australia and New Music Up Late, through its long-standing ties to the European Broadcasting Union, its ongoing podcasts and many live or studio recordings.
  309.  
  310. Since 2001, ABC Classic has organised a number of Classic 100 Countdown surveys. The results of each survey are decided by votes cast by the listeners of the radio station. The works are broadcast in reverse order of popularity over three days. The countdown culminates in the broadcast of a live concert featuring the most popular pieces and finishes with the number one listener choice. A feature of the countdown is that each piece is kept secret until just before its broadcast (including the pieces featured in the final concert).
  311.  
  312. Each November on ABC Classic is Australian music month, where Australian artists are heavily promoted. This includes more Australian composition broadcast every day; some free, limited-entry concerts around the country; all-Australian albums of the week; and many live Australian concerts.
  313.  
  314. In common with all ABC Radio stations (other than Triple J, which operates its own service), it also carries news bulletins produced by ABC News. On 19 December 2005, in line with the policy applied at every ABC Radio network (except Triple J and Radio Australia), these news bulletins became state-based rather than national. ABC Classic broadcasts state bulletins every hour from 5 am until 1pm and from 4 pm until 7pm and then every 2 hours on the hour. National bulletins air when state bulletins are not produced. 10 minute state bulletins at 7 am and 7 pm are the only bulletins on ABC Classic still introduced by the 18 second version of Majestic Fanfare.
  315.  
  316. ===
  317. ABC NewsRadio is an Australian Broadcasting Corporation 24-hour news radio service. It is available on a number of broadcasts around Australia, including AM/FM radio, DAB+ radio, free to air digital TV, some pay-TV platforms and online.
  318.  
  319. Originally called the Parliamentary and News Network (PNN), the AM/FM radio network is chartered to broadcast live the proceedings of parliament, either the House of Representatives or the Senate, as specified by the standing orders. Also broadcast, at the end of each day's sitting, is a recording of Question Time for the chamber that was not broadcast live that day. These restrictions do not apply to the other broadcasts of ABC NewsRadio.
  320.  
  321. Parliamentary broadcasting was commenced by Ben Chifley's government on 10 July 1946, on ABC Radio. These broadcasts received their own frequencies in the 1980s as PNN. The PNN/ABC NewsRadio service was introduced in August 1994 to use the Parliamentary broadcasting frequencies which were not being used when Parliament was not in session.
  322.  
  323. ABC NewsRadio callsigns for stations on the AM radio band are always xPB, where x is the number denoting the particular state or territory and PB stands for Parliamentary Broadcasting. ABC NewsRadio stations on the FM radio band use callsigns of the format xPNN.
  324.  
  325. From September 2001, the 24-hour news format began live audio streaming on the Internet. When Parliament is in session, listeners who have Internet access may still receive the NewsRadio service even when the ABC NewsRadio network is broadcasting Parliamentary proceedings over the air. From 2004, this was extended to FTA digital satellite and subscription TV services. In 2009, separate standard and parliamentary feeds were launched on digital terrestrial (DAB+) radio in the state capitals.
  326.  
  327. FM transmission was expanded greatly during a 2006-2009 program. It planned to increase the AM/FM coverage from 78% of the population to 95%.
  328.  
  329. ABC NewsRadio is Australia's only live, national network providing "More News More Often". Twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, you hear breaking news, sport, finance, weather, and live coverage of Federal Parliament. Using a wide range of ABC and other sources, NewsRadio avoids opinion and strives for accuracy, impartiality, fairness and reliability.
  330.  
  331. ABC NewsRadio has a unique "rolling" news format, so you can dip in and out for short periods or keep listening all day; it's like an ever-changing newspaper. ABC NewsRadio is the best way to make sure you're up to date. The "rolling" format at peak periods means you hear the top stories from around Australia and the world, faster. ABC NewsRadio has access to ABC reporters wherever they are, as well as a wide range of respected international sources including CNN, the BBC, NPR, Deutsche Welle, CBC and RTE. You can hear live coverage of major breaking stories, speeches, news conferences and special events from around Australia and overseas.
  332.  
  333. The station's brief is that listeners shouldn't have to wait more than 15 minutes for news, finance and weather updates, or half an hour for more extended national, world and sports bulletins -- which is more than anyone can cop for more than a couple of hours. But it does mean that whenever you switch on, you are guaranteed a quick news fix. Every 15 minutes you'll hear the major news stories on ABC NewsRadio and that will include national stories, international stories, stories that are state-based, stories that are rural-based.
  334.  
  335. ABC NewsRadio has Australian radio's most extensive financial coverage. It's more detailed and frequent during "breakfast" so you'll be across all the overseas market trends and business news before the Australian markets open.
  336.  
  337. Sport IS news on ABC NewsRadio. There is a strong sporting flavour every day, but especially at weekends. NewsRadio is Australian radio's only national AFL network. During the football season, ABC NewsRadio provides exclusive radio commentary of AFL in New South Wales, Queensland and the ACT.
  338.  
  339. ABC NewsRadio also has the most regular and comprehensive sport updates every day and night. We keep you in touch with all the sports all the time. And when Australia is playing any sport, anywhere in the world, you'll know the score. If you want to stay ahead of the political game, you can hear the decision-makers in action on ABC NewsRadio - on the Parliamentary and News Network (PNN). When Parliament is sitting, we bring you extensive live coverage. You can always hear Question Time, along with important debates and votes, live as they happen. The Joint Committee on the Broadcasting of Parliamentary Proceedings chooses which House is broadcast.
  340.  
  341. ABC NewsRadio carries its own extensive political news from Australia and overseas, as well as key political broadcasts, policy speeches, and live coverage of Australia's Federal and State elections.
  342.  
  343. News wheel (5:30am-9am AEST):
  344. :00 Headlines
  345. :01 News
  346. :08 Finance
  347. :10 Sport
  348. :13 Traffic
  349. :14 Weather
  350. :15 Headlines
  351. :16 News
  352. :23 Finance
  353. :25 Sport
  354. :28 Traffic
  355. :29 Weather
  356. :30 Headlines
  357. :31 News
  358. :38 Finance
  359. :40 Sport
  360. :43 Traffic
  361. :44 Weather
  362. :45 Headlines
  363. :46 News
  364. :53 Finance
  365. :55 Sport
  366. :58 Traffic
  367. :59 Weather
  368.  
  369. News wheel (9am-12pm AEST and 1pm-11pm AEST):
  370. :00 Headlines
  371. :01 News
  372. :08 Finance
  373. :10 News
  374. :14 Weather
  375. :15 Headlines
  376. :16 News
  377. :25 Sport
  378. :28 Traffic
  379. :29 Weather
  380. :30 Headlines
  381. :31 News
  382. :38 Finance
  383. :40 News
  384. :44 Weather
  385. :45 Headlines
  386. :46 News
  387. :55 Sport
  388. :58 Traffic
  389. :59 Weather
  390.  
  391. ===
  392. ABC Jazz (formerly Dig Jazz) is a digital radio station, available on mobile devices, DAB+ digital radio, digital TV and online. It is operated by the ABC Jazz team at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).
  393.  
  394. ABC Jazz is a part of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and was originally broadcast on ABC Classic FM. Dig Jazz was launched as a digital only station designed to broadcast a variety of different jazz styles including bebop, acid jazz, cool jazz and contemporary styles of Jazz. Presenters include Mal Stanley, Dr Megan Burslem, James Valentine and Monica Trapaga.
  395.  
  396. ===
  397. ABC Country is a digital radio station, available on mobile devices, DAB+ digital radio, digital TV and online. A small number of self-help retransmissions, mainly in WA and Qld also carry the station's programme stream. It is owned and operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
  398.  
  399. ABC Country broadcasts country music (about 70% Australian content, including about 5% Indigenous Australian country).
  400.  
  401. ===
  402. ABC Radio Grandstand is a live radio sports focused commentary and talk-back program which runs on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation local radio network across Australia and on one digital-only station. The program runs on Saturdays and Sundays, typically from noon or an hour before, until 6 pm. Sports that are covered by ABC Radio under the Grandstand banner include Test and One Day International cricket, Rugby league (mostly in Queensland and New South Wales), the Summer Olympics, Australian Football League games, Australian Open tennis and soccer matches, including games involving the Socceroos and the A-League competition. However, when there are major football, cricket or tennis matches in progress, or the Olympics and Commonwealth Games, the coverage is often continued for the entirety of the relevant time frame if Grandstand is broadcasting the competition, as opposed to simply reporting the results. This can result in broadcasts in the early hours of the morning if Australia is playing in a cricket Test on another side of the world.
  403.  
  404. Being a national program with significant local content, Grandstand includes live crosses to local ABC radio stations for sporting updates as well as centralised broadcasts of major events.
  405.  
  406. ===
  407. Double J (formerly Dig Music) is an Australian digital radio station owned by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. It is positioned as a spin-off of the youth-oriented Triple J catered towards an older adult audience, emphasizing genres such as pop, rock, blues, country, soul, jazz and world music, as well as archive content from Triple J's library. Currently it is mostly automated, but has a few regular live programs.
  408.  
  409. It is available terrestrially via DAB+, as well as other online and digital television platforms.
  410.  
  411. ===
  412. Triple J Unearthed is the Australian music discovery initiative of Triple J. Unearthed has kicked off the careers of thousands of musicians, and hosts well over 120,000 tracks on its website.
  413.  
  414. Triple J Unearthed also has a full time digital radio station playing the very best music from Triple J Unearthed. Through Triple J's ongoing commitment to developing new Australian acts, Unearthed runs regular competitions that give artists the chance to play at some of Australia's biggest festivals, record their music professionally, have film clips produced by emerging directors, and attend industry events to learn more about the music business.
  415.  
  416. Triple J Unearthed digital radio was launched on 5 October 2011. Music from Unearthed can now fill an entire radio station, and the entire Unearthed project remains a valuable first step for Australians musicians trying to find an audience.
  417.  
  418. ===
  419. ABC Classic 2 is a classical music internet radio station available internationally online. It is operated by the ABC Classic team at the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC).
  420.  
  421. ABC Classic 2, a music-only talk-free streaming station, was established in June 2014. ABC Classic 2 is managed and programmed by the ABC Classic team. ABC Classic 2 broadcasts only via an online stream and is available on the ABC's Android and iOS apps.
  422.  
  423. Classic 2 specialises in streaming popular styles of classical music. The music on Classic 2 is performed exclusively by leading Australian orchestras, ensembles and soloists. No opera or vocal works are included in the playlist. During daytime and evenings Classic 2 typically broadcasts short excerpts from the classical repertoire, for example single movements from full symphonies. Between midnight and 06:00, longer works are included, and Classic 2 programming is also broadcast as ABC Classic's "overnight" program.
  424.  
  425. ===
  426. Radio Australia is the international broadcasting and online service operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), Australia's public broadcaster. Most programming is in English, with some in Tok Pisin and French. Radio Australia terminated shortwave radio broadcasting effective 31 January 2017 but continues broadcasting online and using other transmission modes such as DAB+.
  427.  
  428. Shortwave services from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation were inaugurated in December 1939 by Prime Minister Robert Menzies.
  429.  
  430. One of the functions of Australian shortwave broadcasting was to counter Axis powers propaganda, particularly that of the Japanese. However, the ABC's transmitters were much weaker than the Japanese or German services. The transmitter of Amalgamated Wireless (Australasia) (AWA) near Sydney had 10 kilowatts (kW) of power, and stations VLR and VLW had 2 kW each.
  431.  
  432. In 1941, following consultation between the British and Australian governments, a transmitter site in Shepparton, Victoria was selected, in part because of a flat landscape and soil conductivity. The site was completed in 1944 with one 50 kW and two 100 kW transmitters. The station was then formally named Radio Australia.
  433.  
  434. A new transmitting facility was installed by the PMG's Department at Cox Peninsula near Darwin in the late 1960s, rebroadcasting programs emanating from Radio Australia studios in Melbourne. Equipment included three Collins Radio 250 kW HF transmitters and five log-periodic antennas directed at East Asia and Southeast Asia. The antennas were largely demolished by Cyclone Tracy on 25 December 1974 and Radio Australia broadcasts from this locality were not reinstated (by then Telecom Australia) until about 1988. During the first Gulf war in 1990/91 the station provided valuable information and support to expatriate Australians caught in Iraq, and others working in (eg) Saudi Arabia. In the event however, due to financial and political pressures, as it was an expensive facility to staff being some distance from Darwin proper, transmissions from Cox Peninsula were terminated in the late 1990s. For a few years the facilities were leased to commercial operators, but eventually it was closed down. The equipment and buildings were removed, and the land restored.
  435.  
  436. Radio Australia had a considerable range of broadcasts to the Asian region in the 1970s and 1980s, however in the late 1990s political influence on its broadcasting range and programming limited its Asian spread.[citation needed] In recent years Radio Australia programs have also become available via the internet. These services are streamed from machines hosted by Akamai Technologies in Steinsel, Luxembourg ensuring good network connectivity for listeners in Europe.
  437.  
  438. In January 2018, ABC Radio Australia has the launch of a new morning news, talk and entertainment show Pacific Mornings will be presented by Seini F. Taumoepeau and Tahlea Aualiitia, alongside Pacific Beat, radio news and current affairs programs and the best of ABC Radio National and ABC Local Radio programs will used in remaining ABC Radio Australia schedule.
  439.  
  440. In 2019, ABC Radio Australia celebrated 80 years of international radio broadcasting service.
  441.  
  442. Radio Australia's shortwave signal was primarily aimed at the Asia-Pacific region. Programming was broadcast in multiple languages, namely English, Mandarin Chinese, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Khmer, French, Burmese, and Tok Pisin (a creole language commonly spoken in Papua New Guinea). A daily Pacific news bulletin is podcast in French. Though Radio Australia did not directly target North America or Europe via shortwave, some of its transmissions could be heard in those areas.
  443.  
  444. Radio Australia could also be heard on CBC Radio across Canada during their overnight broadcast. The station resumed Fiji transmission through negotiations with the Ministry of Information and the Fiji Broadcasting Corporation (FBC) in July 2012. Radio Australia can be heard on 106.6FM in main cities of Fiji.
  445.  
  446. Radio Australia's English language programs consist of material produced by ABC Radio Australia, and also other ABC radio networks such as ABC Local Radio, ABC Radio National, ABC Classic, Triple J, Triple J Unearthed, Double J, ABC Grandstand and ABC NewsRadio.
Add Comment
Please, Sign In to add comment
Public Pastes
We use cookies for various purposes including analytics. By continuing to use Pastebin, you agree to our use of cookies as described in the Cookies Policy.  OK, I Understand
Not a member of Pastebin yet?
Sign Up, it unlocks many cool features!