Old Ponish Grammar Quick Guide

# Old Ponish Grammar Quick Guide


## Yes/No
##### updated in version 1.1.1

Jae (pronounced 'yay') 	= Yes
Nae (pronounced 'neigh')= No


## Pronouns,
##### updated in version 1.1.1

++Personal Pronouns++
`
* ight 	= I/me/myself
* ju 	= you/yourself/yourselves (singular and plural)
* hin 	= she/her/herself
* hert 	= he/him/himself
* dae 	= it/itself
* wier 	= we/us/ourselves
* thar 	= they/themselves
`

Sentence Examples:
`
Ight poni. 	= I am a pony.
Hin poni. 	= She is a pony.
Hert poni. 	= He is a pony.
Dae poni.	= It is a pony.
Thar ponisi = they are ponies.
Wier ponisi = We are ponies.
`

++Posessive Pronouns++
`
* ighth = my/mine
* juth 	= your/yours
* hith 	= her/hers
* herth = his/his
* daeth = its
* ouzer = our/ours
* uncer = their/theirs
`

Sentence Examples:
`
Ighth min poni 	= My little pony
Juth 			= yours
Hert horan 		= his horn
Uncer aeppalasi = their apples
`


## To Be (Am/Are/Is/Was/Were)
##### updated in version 1.0
++Am/Are/Is ++
`
* am 	= am (When the subject is the speaker; 'I')
* es 	= is (When the subject is singular and not the speaker)
* ar 	= are (When the subject is plural)
`

! If you are simply equating one thing to another (X is Y), you can leave out the words
am/es/ar between them unless you are placing emphasis that they are equal.

Sentence Examples:
`
Dae es ight!		= It is me!
Hin rijan 			= She is a friend.
Ju ighth rijan 		= You are my friend.
Ju es ighth rijan 	= You ARE my friend.
Ju ar ighth rijani 	= You ARE my friends.
Rijanaft es sael! 	= Friendship IS magic!
Rijanaft sael 		= Friendship is magic.
`

++Was/Were++
##### Updated in version 1.2

! If you need to say 'something was something', you don't use am/are/is, you use the following:
`
* oum	= was (When the subject is the speaker; 'I'; past tense of 'am')
* ous 	= was (When the subject is singular and not the speaker; past tense of 'es')
* oer	= were (When the subject is plural; past tense of 'ar')
`

!In order to leave out oum/ous/oer, it must be understood the equation was in the past. There is
less emphasis when left in than am/es/ar.

Sentence Examples:
`
Ight oum ju 			= I was you.
Hin ous kweldmatra 		= She was queen.
Wier oer hierk 			= We were here.
Dae ous ighth aeppala.	= That was my apple.
Dae aeppala ous ighth.	= That apple was mine.
`
++Will/Will Be++
##### Updated in version 1.2

! If you need to say 'something will be something', you don't use am/are/is, you use the following:`
* wils	= will be (for all cases no matter if it's the speaker or singular or plural)`
`
Ight wils kweldestra.			= I will be a princess.
Thar wils kweldestrasi.			= They will be princesses.
Ju wils vaere ighth kweldestra.	= You will always be my princess.
`
## Nouns

++To make a noun plural++
* If a noun ends in a consonant, add -i to the end of it.
* If a noun ends in a vowel, add -si to the end of it.


Examples:
`
estra (sister) 		=> estrasi (sisters)
rijan (friend)		=> rijani (friends)
unikeran (unicorn) 	=> unikerani (unicorns)
poni (pony)			=> ponisi (ponies)
nefyl (cloud)		=> nefyli (clouds)
`
Sentence Examples:
`
Ighth estrasi unikerani 	= My sisters are unicorns.
Nefyli ar ighth rijani.		= The clouds are my friends!
`
## The Definite Article (A, An, The)
##### updated in version 1.2

++ There are no indefinite articles (a, an). ++
Examples:
`
estra 	= sister/a sister
poni 	= pony/a pony
`
Sentence Examples:
`
Dae aeppala		= It is an apple.
Dae	aeppalasi	= It's some apples.
`
++ The ++
`
Del	= The
`
! 'del' is usually left out unless special emphasis or attention needs to be placed on the noun. Usually when
it is a rather specfic noun. If it's simply understood to be the one you're talking about, it can be left out.

Example:
`
sollast	= a/the sun
del storra = the (specific) star (in question, that we're talking about)
kweldestrasi = (the) princesses
del kweldestrasi = THE princesses
`
## Posession / 'Of'
##### updated in version 1.2

! There are three different words that mean 'of':
`
* a
* se
* ulf
`
 !Use 'ulf' when you want to say someone or something is 'from' somewhere, the word following it is understood to be a place.

 Examples:
 `
 Ponisua ulf nefyl 		= A Pegasus of/from the clouds
 Koukel ulf Rousa Pie 	= A cake from Pinkie Pie; a Pinkie Pie cake
 `

 !Use 'se' when you want to say something "is of" something; or represents something. When it could practically be a name, use this.

 Examples:
 `
 Elehemi Se Aedesan = The elements of harmony; i.e. the elements that are harmony
 Saelfum se Ponehenge = The temple of Ponehenge; i.e. the temple that is known casually as the one that is in Ponehenge
 `

 !Use 'a' for a general possession/relationship

 Examples:
 `
 grimnek a foala firgendork	=	The base of Foal Mountain
 vaengri a ponisua = wings of pegasus
 `
 ## Adjectives / Adverbs
 Adjectives normally go before the noun they modify.)

 Examples:
 `
 Ighth min poni	= My little pony
 `

 Adverbs normally go before or after the verb they modify.
 [Kind of unsure about this actually. - Hyreia.]

 ## Comparatives and Superlatives
 ##### Unreleased Proposal for 1.3
 ++Superlatives++
 !To form a superlative you add either -mest (most) or -min (least) to the end of a noun or adjective.

 Examples from 0.9:
`
 Alt = age
 Altmin estra 		= Youngest sister (literally: age-least sister)
 Altmest unikeran 	= Oldest unicorn (literally: age-most unicorn)
 `
 Proposed examples:
 `
 Faer = pretty
 Faermest 			= prettiest (literally: pretty-most)
 Rathmest aeppala 	= reddest apple
 rijananmin			= least friendly (literally: friendly-least)
 `
 ++Comparatives++
 Soon, made similarly to Superlatives

 ## Verbs
 ++Regular Verbs++
 There are regular verbs and irregular verbs. As of 1.2 regular verbs currently make up slightly more than half of all verbs.
 All regular verbs end in -en in the dictionary.
 Example:
 `
 Grazen =	to eat
 Lipken	= 	to drink; to lick; to lap up
 `
 Regular verbs change endings based on who is doing the verb. When you change a regular verb you remove the -en before adding the personal ending.
 ! Change regular verbs as following:
 `
 * -e		= When the thing doing the verb is the speaker
 * -est		= When the thing doing the verb is singular and not the speaker (you/she/he/it)
 * -en  	= When the thing doing the verb is plural (we/they/things)
 `
 Examples:
 `
 Grazen = To eat
 Ight graze haeg.	= I eat hay.
 Ju grazest haeg.	= You eat hay.
 Weir grazen haeg.	= We eat hay.
 `
 ! There is no separate present progressive tense ('I'm eating', 'I'm walking').
 If a verb is happening in the present it is understood to be taking place now. It can be translated either way.
  Example:
 `
 Ight graze.	= I eat/I am eating.
 `
 ++Irregular Verbs++
 ##### As of 1.2 irregular verbs do not change endings
 ##### Unreleased Proposal for 1.3
 ++Irregular -a ending verbs++
 ! Verbs ending in -a change similarly to how -en verbs change.
 Before adding the personal ending remove the -a then add the following:
 `
 * -e		= When the thing doing the verb is the speaker
 * -ast		= When the thing doing the verb is singular and not the speaker (you/she/he/it)
 * -en		= When the thing doing the verb is plural (we/they/things)
 `
 Examples:
 `
 Flija = To fly
 Ight flije		= I fly.
 Hin flijast	= She flies.
 Thar flijen	= They fly.
 `
 ++Irregular -an ending verbs++
  ! Verbs ending in -an change similarly to how -en verbs change.
 Before adding the personal ending remove the -an then add the following:
 `
 * -e		= When the thing doing the verb is the speaker
 * -as		= When the thing doing the verb is singular and not the speaker (you/she/he/it)
 * -an		= When the thing doing the verb is plural (we/they/things)
 `
 Examples:
 `
 Drawan	= To throw; to hurl
 Ight drawe aeppala.				= I threw an apple.
 Hert drawas aeppala toward hin.	= He threw an apple to her.
 Astandan = To continue
 Thar astandan uncer kwestar.	= They continue their adventure.
 `
 ++Past Tense and Future Tense++

 ! To make a verb take place in the past you attach the suffix gen- to the front of the verb.
 Sentence Examples:
 `
 Ight gengraze. 		= I ate.
 Ju genfindar ight. 	= You found me.
 `
 ! To make a verb take place in the future you attach the suffix de- to the front of the verb.
 Sentence Examples:
 `
 Ight deflije. 			= I will fly.
 Wier degrazen koukel.	= We will eat cake.
 `
 ##### Prior to 1.3 gen- and de- were not attached to the verb but placed before like a separate word. It means the same thing.


## Negating A Verb ('Not')
#### Updated in version... 1.1?
! To say a verb is not happening place the adverb 'naer' in front of it.

Sentence Examples:
`
Gaet = To go
Ight graze 			= I'm eating.
Ight naer graze		= I'm not eating.
Hin degaet.			= She will go.
Hin naer degaet 	= She will not go.
Hin naer gengaet.	= She didn't go.
`
## Forming Questions
! To form a question you would take a statement, remove the word that you are asking about and place the appropriate question-word at the beginning of the sentence.

Sentence examples:
`
Ju gaet Ponehenge.			= You are going to Ponehenge.
Kwar ju gaet?				= Where are you going? (Literally: where you are going?)
Hert gengrazest aeppala.	= He ate an apple.
Kwa hert gengrazest?		= What did he eat?	(Literally: What he ate?)
Vi yu ar?					= How are you? (Literally: how you are?)
`
++Question Words++
`
* kwa	= what
* kwar	= where
* kwen	= when
* kwek	= which
* vem	= who
* vi	= how
* vine	= why
`
## Various Prefixes and Suffixes
##### Updated in version 1.2
++Prefixes++
`
Prefixes	Meaning					Example
* fore- 	= Before/in front of	forehouf	= front hoof/forehoof
* hiend-	= behind/after			hindlimme	= hindlimb/backleg
* ko-		= together				kogibten	= to share (gibten: to give/to provide)
`
`
Suffixes	Meaning										Example
* -the		turns a number into adjective				un (one), unthe (first)
* -al		indicates repetition/contiuation of a verb	sperk (spark), sperkal (sparkle)
* -vol		makes a verb into a -ful adjective			alfen (to help), alfenvol (helpful)
*
`
Unfinished.