#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using namespace std;

class Vector {
public:
    int my_size;
    int my_capacity;
    int* buffer;
    Vector() {
        my_capacity = 0;
        my_size = 0;
        buffer = 0;
    }

    Vector(const Vector & v) {
        my_size = v.my_size;
        my_capacity = v.my_capacity;
        buffer = new int[my_size];
        for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++)
            buffer[i] = v.buffer[i];
    }

    Vector(unsigned int size) {
        my_capacity = size;
        my_size = size;
        buffer = new int[size];
    }

    Vector(unsigned int size, const int& initial) {
        my_size;
        my_capacity = size;
        buffer = new int[size];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
            buffer[i] = initial;
    }

    int & operator[](int index) {
        return buffer[index];
    }

    Vector& operator = (const Vector & v) {
        delete[] buffer;
        my_size = v.my_size;
        my_capacity = v.my_capacity;
        buffer = new int[my_size];
        for (int i = 0; i < my_size; i++)
            buffer[i] = v.buffer[i];
        return *this;
    }

    void reserve(int capacity) {
        if (buffer == 0) {
            my_size = 0;
            my_capacity = 0;
        }
        if (capacity <= my_capacity)
            return;
        int* new_buffer = new int[capacity];
        assert(new_buffer);
        copy(buffer, buffer + my_size, new_buffer);
        my_capacity = capacity;
        delete[] buffer;
        buffer = new_buffer;
    }

    void push_back(const int & v) {
        if (my_size >= my_capacity) {
            float k = (1 + sqrt(5) / 2);
            reserve(static_cast <int>(k * (my_size + 1)));
        }
        buffer[my_size++] = v;
    }

    void pop_back() {
        my_size--;
    }

    int size() const {
        return my_size;
    }

    ~Vector() {
        delete[] buffer;
    }
};