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- 1
- 00:00:30,205 --> 00:00:35,205
- Subtitles by explosiveskull
- 2
- 00:03:08,013 --> 00:03:09,748
- Anyone here?
- 3
- 00:03:16,822 --> 00:03:19,490
- My name is Erwin Griswold.
- 4
- 00:03:19,492 --> 00:03:22,226
- I am the dean of this place.
- 5
- 00:03:22,228 --> 00:03:24,897
- Welcome to Harvard Law School.
- 6
- 00:03:25,999 --> 00:03:28,432
- Take a moment
- to look around you.
- 7
- 00:03:28,434 --> 00:03:30,034
- In this room,
- 8
- 00:03:30,036 --> 00:03:32,837
- there are Rhodes
- and Fulbright Scholars,
- 9
- 00:03:32,839 --> 00:03:34,872
- Phi Beta Kappa members,
- 10
- 00:03:34,874 --> 00:03:36,907
- student body presidents,
- 11
- 00:03:36,909 --> 00:03:39,278
- and a Harvard
- football team captain.
- 12
- 00:03:40,581 --> 00:03:42,614
- Together...
- 13
- 00:03:42,616 --> 00:03:45,317
- you will become lawyers.
- 14
- 00:03:45,319 --> 00:03:48,854
- This is a privilege you share.
- 15
- 00:03:48,856 --> 00:03:53,528
- It is also a responsibility
- you accept.
- 16
- 00:03:55,062 --> 00:03:57,262
- Consider...
- 17
- 00:03:57,264 --> 00:04:01,503
- what does it mean
- to be a Harvard man?
- 18
- 00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:06,272
- A Harvard man is
- intelligent, of course,
- 19
- 00:04:06,274 --> 00:04:08,875
- but he is also tenacious.
- 20
- 00:04:08,877 --> 00:04:13,179
- He is a leader devoted
- to the rule of law.
- 21
- 00:04:13,181 --> 00:04:17,551
- He is mindful of his country,
- loyal to tradition,
- 22
- 00:04:17,553 --> 00:04:20,554
- and he is respectful
- and protective
- 23
- 00:04:20,556 --> 00:04:22,857
- of our institutions.
- 24
- 00:04:24,293 --> 00:04:26,293
- "The net operating loss deductions
- 25
- 00:04:26,295 --> 00:04:29,129
- "by the year shall be computed
- as of Subsection A
- 26
- 00:04:29,131 --> 00:04:31,131
- of this section,
- applied to such tax review..."
- 27
- 00:04:31,133 --> 00:04:34,201
- Which one makes me look
- more like a Harvard man?
- 28
- 00:04:37,473 --> 00:04:39,006
- I'm thrilled to report
- 29
- 00:04:39,008 --> 00:04:41,108
- that you look nothing
- like a Harvard man.
- 30
- 00:04:41,110 --> 00:04:42,410
- Seriously?
- It's the dean's dinner, Marty.
- 31
- 00:04:42,412 --> 00:04:43,977
- You know how I am
- at these things.
- 32
- 00:04:43,979 --> 00:04:45,279
- I-I need to make
- a good impression.
- 33
- 00:04:45,281 --> 00:04:47,449
- And you will, Kiki,
- but you've got it wrong.
- 34
- 00:04:47,451 --> 00:04:49,284
- It's not the dress. It's you.
- 35
- 00:04:49,286 --> 00:04:53,288
- You haven't touched
- your tuna casserole.
- 36
- 00:04:53,290 --> 00:04:55,390
- Come here, sweetie. Come.
- 37
- 00:04:55,392 --> 00:04:57,559
- There we go.
- 38
- 00:04:57,561 --> 00:05:00,128
- I put onions in.
- They help, right?
- 39
- 00:05:00,130 --> 00:05:01,965
- Definitely.
- 40
- 00:05:03,133 --> 00:05:06,267
- I don't like either of these.
- 41
- 00:05:11,007 --> 00:05:12,675
- Okay, where were we?
- 42
- 00:05:20,151 --> 00:05:21,584
- Thank you.
- 43
- 00:05:38,270 --> 00:05:40,604
- Ladies and gentlemen,
- please join us
- 44
- 00:05:40,606 --> 00:05:42,706
- in the dining room
- as dinner is served.
- 45
- 00:05:42,708 --> 00:05:45,308
- And, professors,
- please escort the ladies in.
- 46
- 00:05:45,310 --> 00:05:47,477
- After you. Please.
- 47
- 00:05:47,479 --> 00:05:49,314
- May I?
- 48
- 00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:56,587
- He remembers everything.
- 49
- 00:06:03,763 --> 00:06:05,730
- He said, "Professor,
- 50
- 00:06:05,732 --> 00:06:07,331
- have you corrected our papers?"
- 51
- 00:06:07,333 --> 00:06:09,667
- And I said, "Correcting them
- will take a lifetime.
- 52
- 00:06:09,669 --> 00:06:11,202
- I'm merely grading them."
- 53
- 00:06:12,673 --> 00:06:14,573
- Oh, wait a minute.
- 54
- 00:06:14,575 --> 00:06:17,643
- Esteemed colleagues, ladies.
- 55
- 00:06:17,645 --> 00:06:21,647
- This is only the sixth year
- women have had the privilege
- 56
- 00:06:21,649 --> 00:06:23,782
- to earn a Harvard law degree.
- 57
- 00:06:23,784 --> 00:06:27,653
- This little soiree
- is our way of saying welcome.
- 58
- 00:06:27,655 --> 00:06:29,721
- My wife Harriet and I
- 59
- 00:06:29,723 --> 00:06:33,961
- are very glad
- all nine of you have joined us.
- 60
- 00:06:36,397 --> 00:06:39,231
- Let us go around the table,
- 61
- 00:06:39,233 --> 00:06:43,403
- and each of you ladies report
- who you are, where you're from,
- 62
- 00:06:43,405 --> 00:06:46,506
- and why you're occupying
- a place at Harvard
- 63
- 00:06:46,508 --> 00:06:49,107
- that could have gone to a man.
- 64
- 00:06:53,615 --> 00:06:55,248
- Yeah.
- 65
- 00:06:55,250 --> 00:06:56,783
- Well...
- 66
- 00:06:56,785 --> 00:06:59,354
- why don't you
- get us started, dear?
- 67
- 00:07:01,691 --> 00:07:03,691
- I'm Hennie Callaghan.
- 68
- 00:07:03,693 --> 00:07:06,092
- Father's a lawyer
- back in Minneapolis.
- 69
- 00:07:06,094 --> 00:07:07,695
- He used to give me
- drafts of contracts
- 70
- 00:07:07,697 --> 00:07:08,796
- to use for drawing paper.
- 71
- 00:07:08,798 --> 00:07:10,196
- But at some point,
- 72
- 00:07:10,198 --> 00:07:12,065
- I got more interested
- in reading them
- 73
- 00:07:12,067 --> 00:07:13,467
- than drawing on them.
- 74
- 00:07:13,469 --> 00:07:18,405
- In a few years, it's gonna be
- Callaghan and Callaghan.
- 75
- 00:07:18,407 --> 00:07:20,541
- That was fine.
- 76
- 00:07:20,543 --> 00:07:22,142
- Next.
- 77
- 00:07:24,848 --> 00:07:26,514
- Emily Hicks.
- 78
- 00:07:26,516 --> 00:07:28,148
- Hello. Connecticut.
- 79
- 00:07:28,150 --> 00:07:30,251
- When I finished Mount Holyoke,
- 80
- 00:07:30,253 --> 00:07:32,086
- my mother wanted me
- to get married.
- 81
- 00:07:32,088 --> 00:07:33,788
- But I didn't want to do that,
- 82
- 00:07:33,790 --> 00:07:35,423
- and I didn't want
- to be a teacher
- 83
- 00:07:35,425 --> 00:07:37,726
- - or a nurse, so when I...
- - Ah.
- 84
- 00:07:37,728 --> 00:07:40,495
- That's not a very good reason.
- 85
- 00:07:40,497 --> 00:07:42,399
- Next.
- 86
- 00:07:47,471 --> 00:07:49,371
- - Oh.
- - Watch it.
- 87
- 00:07:49,373 --> 00:07:50,573
- Sorry.
- 88
- 00:07:57,448 --> 00:08:00,115
- Uh, I'm...
- 89
- 00:08:00,117 --> 00:08:03,054
- Ruth Ginsburg from Brooklyn.
- 90
- 00:08:04,889 --> 00:08:07,123
- And why are you here,
- Miss Ginsburg?
- 91
- 00:08:07,125 --> 00:08:11,160
- Uh, M-Mrs. Ginsburg, actually.
- 92
- 00:08:11,162 --> 00:08:15,231
- My husband Marty is
- in the second-year class.
- 93
- 00:08:15,233 --> 00:08:18,167
- I'm at Harvard
- to learn more about his work,
- 94
- 00:08:18,169 --> 00:08:21,405
- so I can be a more patient
- and understanding wife.
- 95
- 00:08:25,911 --> 00:08:28,345
- Come to dinner.
- The beans will be boiled,
- 96
- 00:08:28,347 --> 00:08:31,348
- the chicken will be stewed,
- and you will be grilled.
- 97
- 00:08:31,350 --> 00:08:34,651
- We came to Harvard
- to be lawyers. Why else?
- 98
- 00:08:34,653 --> 00:08:35,887
- It's truly an asinine question.
- 99
- 00:08:35,889 --> 00:08:37,220
- He's never gonna take me
- seriously.
- 100
- 00:08:37,222 --> 00:08:38,388
- No, that's not true.
- 101
- 00:08:38,390 --> 00:08:39,791
- You're the smartest
- person here,
- 102
- 00:08:39,793 --> 00:08:41,258
- and you're gonna be
- the most prepared.
- 103
- 00:08:41,260 --> 00:08:42,927
- So just stand up
- and say what you know.
- 104
- 00:08:42,929 --> 00:08:44,495
- At a place like this,
- that's all that matters.
- 105
- 00:08:44,497 --> 00:08:47,231
- In my experience,
- even small mistakes
- 106
- 00:08:47,233 --> 00:08:49,634
- are glaring when you stick out.
- 107
- 00:08:49,636 --> 00:08:52,272
- Well, then you're very lucky.
- 108
- 00:08:53,873 --> 00:08:56,774
- Because you...
- 109
- 00:08:56,776 --> 00:08:59,878
- are very... short.
- 110
- 00:09:11,592 --> 00:09:13,227
- Oh, yeah?
- 111
- 00:09:19,333 --> 00:09:20,801
- Yeah.
- 112
- 00:09:22,403 --> 00:09:23,837
- Well...
- 113
- 00:09:23,839 --> 00:09:26,573
- why don't you come down here
- 114
- 00:09:26,575 --> 00:09:29,276
- and say that to my face.
- 115
- 00:09:53,435 --> 00:09:56,506
- Mrs. Ginsburg.
- 116
- 00:10:13,857 --> 00:10:15,456
- I am Professor Brown.
- 117
- 00:10:15,458 --> 00:10:18,660
- This is
- Introduction to Contracts.
- 118
- 00:10:18,662 --> 00:10:20,931
- <i>Hawkins versus McGee.</i>
- 119
- 00:10:21,865 --> 00:10:24,368
- State the case, please...
- 120
- 00:10:33,945 --> 00:10:35,512
- Mr. Pruitt.
- 121
- 00:10:37,314 --> 00:10:38,981
- Uh, good morning.
- I'm Donald Pruitt.
- 122
- 00:10:38,983 --> 00:10:40,616
- I'm really honored
- to be here...
- 123
- 00:10:40,618 --> 00:10:42,452
- <i>Hawkins v. McGee.</i>
- 124
- 00:10:42,454 --> 00:10:44,454
- Uh, yeah, <i>Hawkins versus McGee,</i>
- it-it's a fascinating,
- 125
- 00:10:44,456 --> 00:10:46,789
- uh, breach of contract case
- where, um...
- 126
- 00:10:46,791 --> 00:10:49,792
- oh, uh, Charles Hawkins hurt
- his hand, and McGee had...
- 127
- 00:10:49,794 --> 00:10:51,963
- Can someone help him, please?
- 128
- 00:10:59,805 --> 00:11:02,240
- Mr. Fitzpatrick.
- 129
- 00:11:03,676 --> 00:11:05,709
- It was Charles's son
- who hurt his hand.
- 130
- 00:11:05,711 --> 00:11:07,911
- - Electrocution burn.
- - And at what point
- 131
- 00:11:07,913 --> 00:11:09,780
- does the case turn,
- Mr. Fitzpatrick?
- 132
- 00:11:09,782 --> 00:11:13,450
- McGee promised to fix the hand
- by performing a skin graft,
- 133
- 00:11:13,452 --> 00:11:15,786
- but McGee wasn't very familiar
- with the procedure,
- 134
- 00:11:15,788 --> 00:11:19,258
- and the results
- weren't quite what he planned.
- 135
- 00:11:21,795 --> 00:11:23,695
- Question already, Mrs....
- 136
- 00:11:23,697 --> 00:11:25,697
- - Ginsburg.
- - Correction, Professor Brown.
- 137
- 00:11:25,699 --> 00:11:29,399
- McGee did not simply promise
- to fix George Hawkins' hand.
- 138
- 00:11:29,401 --> 00:11:32,704
- He promised, quote,
- "a 100% good hand."
- 139
- 00:11:32,706 --> 00:11:35,473
- - That's the same thing.
- - Is it?
- 140
- 00:11:35,475 --> 00:11:37,909
- What say you, Mrs. Ginsburg?
- 141
- 00:11:37,911 --> 00:11:39,644
- It is not.
- 142
- 00:11:39,646 --> 00:11:41,080
- Words matter.
- 143
- 00:11:41,082 --> 00:11:43,648
- McGee grafted skin
- from Hawkins' chest.
- 144
- 00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:46,018
- Not only did this fail
- to fix the scarring,
- 145
- 00:11:46,020 --> 00:11:48,486
- he had chest hair growing
- on his palm.
- 146
- 00:11:48,488 --> 00:11:50,956
- Proving that a hand with a burn
- is worth two with a bush.
- 147
- 00:11:52,994 --> 00:11:55,728
- The court denied
- Hawkins' damages.
- 148
- 00:11:55,730 --> 00:11:57,096
- Hawkins did get damages...
- the court said
- 149
- 00:11:57,098 --> 00:11:58,831
- - he could have...
- - If I may finish.
- 150
- 00:11:58,833 --> 00:12:02,835
- Hawkins was denied damages
- for pain and suffering.
- 151
- 00:12:02,837 --> 00:12:04,403
- The New Hampshire Supreme Court
- 152
- 00:12:04,405 --> 00:12:06,106
- ruled he was entitled
- to damages
- 153
- 00:12:06,108 --> 00:12:09,011
- only based on the contract
- being fulfilled.
- 154
- 00:12:10,545 --> 00:12:12,913
- So if Dr. McGee had set
- realistic expectations
- 155
- 00:12:12,915 --> 00:12:14,648
- instead of making
- grand promises,
- 156
- 00:12:14,650 --> 00:12:17,753
- Hawkins' award likely
- would have been less.
- 157
- 00:12:20,722 --> 00:12:25,492
- Was that an answer,
- Mrs. Ginsburg, or a filibuster?
- 158
- 00:12:31,034 --> 00:12:33,100
- Mm.
- 159
- 00:12:33,102 --> 00:12:36,704
- Mm.
- 160
- 00:12:36,706 --> 00:12:38,438
- - Movie.
- - Movie.
- 161
- 00:12:38,440 --> 00:12:39,907
- - Four words.
- - Four words.
- 162
- 00:12:39,909 --> 00:12:41,408
- - Second word.
- - Second word.
- 163
- 00:12:41,410 --> 00:12:42,710
- - Seven?
- - Seven.
- 164
- 00:12:42,712 --> 00:12:44,514
- - Uh-oh.
- - Fourth word. - Fourth word.
- 165
- 00:12:45,849 --> 00:12:48,183
- - - Oh! Monkey!
- - Oh! Gorilla! Monkey business.
- 166
- 00:12:48,185 --> 00:12:50,118
- - Uh, ape!
- - Monkey. Monkey.
- 167
- 00:12:50,120 --> 00:12:51,886
- Ape. Uh...
- 168
- 00:12:51,888 --> 00:12:53,421
- - Ooh.
- - Monkey on my back.
- 169
- 00:12:55,960 --> 00:12:57,525
- Second word, seven. Seven...
- 170
- 00:12:57,527 --> 00:12:58,794
- Seven... <i>Seven Brides</i>
- <i>for Seven Brothers?</i>
- 171
- 00:12:58,796 --> 00:13:00,662
- What does that have to do
- with monkeys?
- 172
- 00:13:00,664 --> 00:13:03,497
- - And... - Seven...
- - Oh, oh, <i>The Seven Year Itch!</i>
- 173
- 00:13:03,499 --> 00:13:05,200
- - Time!
- - Yes!
- 174
- 00:13:07,638 --> 00:13:10,606
- Ruthless Ruthy strikes again.
- 175
- 00:13:10,608 --> 00:13:12,608
- Okay, next round's
- riding on you.
- 176
- 00:13:12,610 --> 00:13:13,976
- - Don't worry, he's very good.
- - All right.
- 177
- 00:13:13,978 --> 00:13:15,544
- Thank God, because she actually
- 178
- 00:13:15,546 --> 00:13:17,713
- broke up with someone
- for being bad at charades.
- 179
- 00:13:17,715 --> 00:13:20,216
- - You didn't, really?
- - Well, it was a manifestation
- 180
- 00:13:20,218 --> 00:13:21,851
- of his being an idiot.
- 181
- 00:13:21,853 --> 00:13:23,786
- - See?
- - Don't worry, I'm comfortable
- 182
- 00:13:23,788 --> 00:13:25,587
- - being smarter than you.
- - Oh, thank you.
- 183
- 00:13:25,589 --> 00:13:28,057
- - All right, everybody ready?
- - Oh.
- 184
- 00:13:28,059 --> 00:13:29,826
- - Uh, song. - A song.
- - Um...
- 185
- 00:13:31,529 --> 00:13:33,897
- - Uh, Buddy Holly? Uh...
- - Uh, Bill Haley?
- 186
- 00:13:33,899 --> 00:13:35,632
- By Elvis.
- 187
- 00:13:35,634 --> 00:13:36,699
- Uh, three words.
- 188
- 00:13:36,701 --> 00:13:39,069
- - First word.
- - Uh, first word.
- 189
- 00:13:39,071 --> 00:13:40,570
- Uh...
- 190
- 00:13:40,572 --> 00:13:41,738
- - Uh, table. Um...
- - A glass?
- 191
- 00:13:41,740 --> 00:13:42,672
- - Um...
- - A book!
- 192
- 00:13:42,674 --> 00:13:43,806
- - Um, uh...
- - Reading!
- 193
- 00:13:43,808 --> 00:13:45,175
- Uh, blue!
- 194
- 00:13:45,177 --> 00:13:47,211
- - Ah! "Blueberry Hill"?
- - No, that's Fats Domino.
- 195
- 00:13:47,213 --> 00:13:49,213
- Uh, third word,
- third word. Floor.
- 196
- 00:13:49,215 --> 00:13:50,881
- - Carpet.
- - Dancing?
- 197
- 00:13:50,883 --> 00:13:53,884
- - Nice moves.
- - Oh. Ow. Ow. Hold on.
- 198
- 00:13:53,886 --> 00:13:56,687
- - Oh, no sound effects.
- - Oh. Oh, "Bl-Blue Suede Shoes."
- 199
- 00:13:56,689 --> 00:14:00,024
- - Come on, Marty, you're a lightweight.
- - Marty?
- 200
- 00:14:00,026 --> 00:14:02,526
- Marty.
- 201
- 00:14:02,528 --> 00:14:06,097
- - Help! Help! - Is he all right?
- - Someone get some help!
- 202
- 00:14:13,707 --> 00:14:16,209
- The doctor's ready
- to see you now.
- 203
- 00:14:46,074 --> 00:14:47,907
- Excuse me.
- 204
- 00:14:47,909 --> 00:14:49,744
- Just a moment, please.
- 205
- 00:14:52,181 --> 00:14:54,014
- - Excuse me, I just need...
- - Just a moment.
- 206
- 00:14:54,016 --> 00:14:55,851
- I need to make a call.
- 207
- 00:14:57,252 --> 00:15:00,020
- Yes. Uh, can we have
- the results today?
- 208
- 00:15:00,022 --> 00:15:01,888
- E-Excuse me.
- 209
- 00:15:01,890 --> 00:15:04,291
- Doctor, um,
- you examined my husband.
- 210
- 00:15:04,293 --> 00:15:07,160
- I'm wondering when you think
- he'll be able to leave.
- 211
- 00:15:07,162 --> 00:15:08,729
- I need to call the sitter. I...
- 212
- 00:15:08,731 --> 00:15:10,331
- What's the patient's name?
- 213
- 00:15:10,333 --> 00:15:12,966
- - Martin Ginsburg.
- - Right.
- 214
- 00:15:12,968 --> 00:15:14,168
- Ginsburg.
- 215
- 00:15:15,771 --> 00:15:17,904
- Yeah, he's not
- going home today.
- 216
- 00:15:17,906 --> 00:15:20,509
- - Excuse me?
- - We have more tests to run.
- 217
- 00:15:21,244 --> 00:15:23,177
- Wha... What kind of tests?
- 218
- 00:15:23,179 --> 00:15:25,880
- - Various kinds. He's gonna be with us a while.
- - What tests?
- 219
- 00:15:25,882 --> 00:15:29,250
- - I need to see him.
- - Just go home, get some rest.
- 220
- 00:15:29,252 --> 00:15:31,052
- We'll know more in a few days.
- 221
- 00:15:31,054 --> 00:15:33,189
- Now, if you'll excuse me.
- 222
- 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:39,196
- <i>How is he?</i>
- 223
- 00:15:40,131 --> 00:15:41,765
- Fine.
- 224
- 00:15:50,274 --> 00:15:53,010
- Call anytime, okay?
- 225
- 00:15:56,680 --> 00:15:59,815
- Bye.
- 226
- 00:16:49,936 --> 00:16:52,937
- - Hi.
- - Hi.
- 227
- 00:16:57,377 --> 00:17:00,613
- At least you got a break
- from my cooking.
- 228
- 00:17:04,885 --> 00:17:06,351
- Afternoon.
- 229
- 00:17:06,353 --> 00:17:08,755
- - Hey, Doc.
- - Dr. Leadbetter.
- 230
- 00:17:11,925 --> 00:17:13,894
- It's as we feared.
- 231
- 00:17:15,130 --> 00:17:18,898
- Marty, you're young,
- and we caught it early.
- 232
- 00:17:18,900 --> 00:17:21,434
- We've pioneered
- a new treatment here.
- 233
- 00:17:21,436 --> 00:17:23,736
- It entails numerous surgeries,
- 234
- 00:17:23,738 --> 00:17:26,038
- each followed
- by a course of radiation.
- 235
- 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:29,476
- There's a chance you can go on
- to a healthy, happy life,
- 236
- 00:17:29,478 --> 00:17:31,344
- as if none of this
- had happened.
- 237
- 00:17:31,346 --> 00:17:34,247
- Wha... What kind of a chance?
- 238
- 00:17:34,249 --> 00:17:38,320
- Dr. Leadbetter, we'd rather
- know what we're facing.
- 239
- 00:17:39,787 --> 00:17:42,122
- The survival rate
- for testicular cancer
- 240
- 00:17:42,124 --> 00:17:44,024
- has been about five percent.
- 241
- 00:17:46,195 --> 00:17:48,962
- Thanks for the honesty.
- 242
- 00:17:48,964 --> 00:17:50,464
- I think.
- 243
- 00:17:50,466 --> 00:17:52,034
- I'll let you two talk.
- 244
- 00:18:31,509 --> 00:18:35,244
- We're never giving up.
- 245
- 00:18:35,246 --> 00:18:38,514
- You keep working.
- 246
- 00:18:38,516 --> 00:18:40,849
- Keep studying.
- 247
- 00:18:40,851 --> 00:18:43,054
- Jane will have her father.
- 248
- 00:18:44,322 --> 00:18:47,758
- You will be a lawyer.
- 249
- 00:18:48,926 --> 00:18:52,329
- I am spending my life with you,
- Martin Ginsburg.
- 250
- 00:19:13,919 --> 00:19:16,420
- <i>Judicial consistency.</i>
- 251
- 00:19:16,422 --> 00:19:21,459
- <i>The doctrine of stare decisis
- comes from English common law,</i>
- 252
- 00:19:21,461 --> 00:19:23,127
- <i>which also provides</i>
- 253
- 00:19:23,129 --> 00:19:24,495
- the first examples
- 254
- 00:19:24,497 --> 00:19:26,964
- of circumstances
- where precedents
- 255
- 00:19:26,966 --> 00:19:30,034
- - may be overturned.
- - Excuse me.
- 256
- 00:19:30,036 --> 00:19:32,537
- - Judges are bound...
- - Thank you.
- 257
- 00:19:32,539 --> 00:19:35,840
- Excuse me.
- May I help you?
- 258
- 00:19:35,842 --> 00:19:38,976
- Um, I'm, uh,
- Martin Ginsburg's wife.
- 259
- 00:19:38,978 --> 00:19:42,114
- I'll be a...
- attending his classes for him.
- 260
- 00:19:42,116 --> 00:19:44,549
- In addition to your own?
- 261
- 00:19:44,551 --> 00:19:46,285
- Yes...
- 262
- 00:19:46,287 --> 00:19:48,253
- Professor Freund.
- 263
- 00:19:54,028 --> 00:19:57,463
- Judges are bound by precedence,
- 264
- 00:19:57,465 --> 00:20:01,167
- but they cannot ignore
- cultural change.
- 265
- 00:20:01,169 --> 00:20:04,936
- A court ought not be affected
- by the weather of the day,
- 266
- 00:20:04,938 --> 00:20:08,076
- but will be
- by the climate of the era.
- 267
- 00:20:10,345 --> 00:20:12,345
- <i>Wait, wait, wait.</i>
- 268
- 00:20:12,347 --> 00:20:14,347
- <i>Say that last part again.</i>
- 269
- 00:20:14,349 --> 00:20:18,552
- "A court ought not be affected
- by the weather of the day,
- 270
- 00:20:18,554 --> 00:20:21,890
- but will be
- by the climate of the era."
- 271
- 00:20:24,627 --> 00:20:27,096
- And you're sure he said that?
- 272
- 00:20:29,632 --> 00:20:31,200
- Of course.
- 273
- 00:20:32,268 --> 00:20:33,903
- Of course.
- 274
- 00:20:37,506 --> 00:20:40,042
- The law is never finished.
- 275
- 00:20:41,310 --> 00:20:45,580
- It is a work in progress...
- 276
- 00:20:45,582 --> 00:20:47,981
- and ever will be.
- 277
- 00:20:47,983 --> 00:20:51,386
- <i>Brown v. the Board
- of Education...</i>
- 278
- 00:20:51,388 --> 00:20:54,122
- parentheses, 1954,
- 279
- 00:20:54,124 --> 00:20:57,258
- was the most revolutionary...
- 280
- 00:20:57,260 --> 00:20:59,994
- Supreme Court case...
- 281
- 00:20:59,996 --> 00:21:01,630
- in the last century.
- 282
- 00:21:05,268 --> 00:21:07,969
- Representing Oliver Brown,
- 283
- 00:21:07,971 --> 00:21:10,238
- et al....
- 284
- 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,140
- Thurgood Marshall...
- 285
- 00:21:12,142 --> 00:21:14,943
- - I'm not listening.
- - ...educated the court...
- 286
- 00:21:28,159 --> 00:21:29,493
- Come on, Jane.
- 287
- 00:21:29,495 --> 00:21:32,063
- That's it.
- Come on, sweetie.
- 288
- 00:21:47,246 --> 00:21:48,647
- Okay.
- 289
- 00:23:05,160 --> 00:23:07,093
- <i>One, two, three,</i>
- 290
- 00:23:07,095 --> 00:23:08,529
- whoo!
- 291
- 00:23:08,531 --> 00:23:10,531
- One, two, three,
- 292
- 00:23:10,533 --> 00:23:12,065
- whoo!
- 293
- 00:23:12,067 --> 00:23:14,134
- Should we give Daddy a rest?
- 294
- 00:23:14,136 --> 00:23:17,204
- One day, this little angel's
- gonna slam the door in our face
- 295
- 00:23:17,206 --> 00:23:20,109
- and tell us we're ruining her life.
- 296
- 00:23:21,277 --> 00:23:23,712
- I should have never
- taken the job.
- 297
- 00:23:23,714 --> 00:23:25,446
- It's a great firm,
- 298
- 00:23:25,448 --> 00:23:29,518
- and New York is the center
- of the legal universe.
- 299
- 00:23:29,520 --> 00:23:31,087
- You earned it.
- 300
- 00:23:31,822 --> 00:23:33,287
- You earned it.
- 301
- 00:23:33,289 --> 00:23:35,824
- I barely survived it.
- 302
- 00:23:35,826 --> 00:23:39,094
- I just don't want to be away
- from you and Jane.
- 303
- 00:23:39,096 --> 00:23:41,162
- You won't be.
- 304
- 00:23:41,164 --> 00:23:43,164
- I won't allow it.
- 305
- 00:23:43,166 --> 00:23:46,069
- I'll convince him.
- 306
- 00:23:47,504 --> 00:23:48,838
- Say, "Good luck, Mommy."
- 307
- 00:23:48,840 --> 00:23:50,840
- - Good luck, Mommy.
- - See you later.
- 308
- 00:23:50,842 --> 00:23:53,308
- <i>You want a Harvard law degree,</i>
- 309
- 00:23:53,310 --> 00:23:56,781
- <i>though you plan to finish
- your coursework at Columbia?</i>
- 310
- 00:23:57,849 --> 00:24:00,349
- You would do well,
- Mrs. Ginsburg,
- 311
- 00:24:00,351 --> 00:24:03,386
- to remember how fortunate
- you are to be here.
- 312
- 00:24:03,388 --> 00:24:06,890
- Dean Griswold, between
- the first and third year
- 313
- 00:24:06,892 --> 00:24:09,625
- of law school,
- which is the more substantive,
- 314
- 00:24:09,627 --> 00:24:11,360
- the more critical?
- 315
- 00:24:11,362 --> 00:24:13,462
- - The first, of course.
- - Yet when someone
- 316
- 00:24:13,464 --> 00:24:15,331
- transfers in
- as a second-year student,
- 317
- 00:24:15,333 --> 00:24:17,601
- having taken those more
- important classes elsewhere,
- 318
- 00:24:17,603 --> 00:24:19,302
- he's allowed a degree.
- 319
- 00:24:19,304 --> 00:24:21,505
- - That's irrelevant.
- - I've been here two years.
- 320
- 00:24:21,507 --> 00:24:23,340
- I'm first in my class.
- 321
- 00:24:23,342 --> 00:24:26,910
- There is no reason your husband
- cannot provide for you
- 322
- 00:24:26,912 --> 00:24:29,813
- while you and the child
- remain in Cambridge.
- 323
- 00:24:29,815 --> 00:24:31,883
- Last year,
- John Sumner was allowed
- 324
- 00:24:31,885 --> 00:24:34,151
- to finish his coursework
- at Baltimore.
- 325
- 00:24:34,153 --> 00:24:36,888
- - Three years ago, Roy Paxton...
- - Very different cases.
- 326
- 00:24:36,890 --> 00:24:38,890
- - How are they different?
- - Mrs. Ginsburg,
- 327
- 00:24:38,892 --> 00:24:42,529
- you have no compelling need
- to transfer.
- 328
- 00:24:45,230 --> 00:24:47,567
- Marty could relapse.
- 329
- 00:24:48,802 --> 00:24:50,535
- He beat the odds,
- 330
- 00:24:50,537 --> 00:24:54,507
- but the doctors say
- it could happen at any time.
- 331
- 00:24:57,778 --> 00:25:00,645
- Dean Griswold...
- 332
- 00:25:00,647 --> 00:25:03,516
- this is my family.
- 333
- 00:25:05,453 --> 00:25:07,318
- Nonetheless...
- 334
- 00:25:07,320 --> 00:25:10,389
- we each have
- our responsibilities,
- 335
- 00:25:10,391 --> 00:25:12,858
- and mine is to protect
- the distinction
- 336
- 00:25:12,860 --> 00:25:15,294
- of a Harvard law degree.
- 337
- 00:25:15,296 --> 00:25:17,865
- I can't force you to stay.
- 338
- 00:25:19,333 --> 00:25:22,570
- But I won't reward you
- for leaving, either.
- 339
- 00:26:36,313 --> 00:26:38,313
- Jesus, Mary and Joseph.
- 340
- 00:26:38,315 --> 00:26:40,049
- Graduating top of your class.
- 341
- 00:26:40,051 --> 00:26:41,851
- Law Review at Harvard...
- 342
- 00:26:41,853 --> 00:26:43,351
- and Columbia.
- 343
- 00:26:43,353 --> 00:26:45,354
- I didn't even know
- that was possible.
- 344
- 00:26:45,356 --> 00:26:46,956
- Thank you, Mr. Greene.
- 345
- 00:26:46,958 --> 00:26:48,491
- I've worked hard.
- 346
- 00:26:48,493 --> 00:26:50,493
- Well, you want
- some white-shoe firm.
- 347
- 00:26:50,495 --> 00:26:52,862
- Big money cases,
- complex legal maneuvers...
- 348
- 00:26:52,864 --> 00:26:56,466
- No, I think Bibler and Greene
- is the perfect fit.
- 349
- 00:26:56,468 --> 00:26:59,635
- - You handled the Mercer bankruptcy last year.
- - Come on.
- 350
- 00:26:59,637 --> 00:27:01,504
- How many have you been to?
- 351
- 00:27:01,506 --> 00:27:03,874
- They all turned you down,
- right? How many?
- 352
- 00:27:03,876 --> 00:27:06,311
- Maybe ten?
- 353
- 00:27:07,780 --> 00:27:09,513
- Twelve.
- 354
- 00:27:09,515 --> 00:27:12,049
- A woman, a mother,
- and a Jew to boot.
- 355
- 00:27:12,051 --> 00:27:15,419
- I'm surprised that many
- let you through the door.
- 356
- 00:27:15,421 --> 00:27:18,022
- One sent me to interview
- for the secretarial pool.
- 357
- 00:27:18,024 --> 00:27:20,324
- Another told me I'd be
- 358
- 00:27:20,326 --> 00:27:22,526
- too busy at bake sales
- to be effective.
- 359
- 00:27:22,528 --> 00:27:25,529
- One partner closes his clients
- in the locker room at his club,
- 360
- 00:27:25,531 --> 00:27:28,398
- so he said
- I'd be out of the loop.
- 361
- 00:27:28,400 --> 00:27:31,402
- Last week, I was told women are
- too emotional to be lawyers.
- 362
- 00:27:31,404 --> 00:27:33,538
- Then that same afternoon,
- that a... a woman graduating
- 363
- 00:27:33,540 --> 00:27:35,940
- top of her class
- must be a real ballbuster
- 364
- 00:27:35,942 --> 00:27:37,609
- and wouldn't make
- a good colleague.
- 365
- 00:27:37,611 --> 00:27:40,079
- I was asked when
- I'd have my next baby.
- 366
- 00:27:40,081 --> 00:27:42,016
- And whether I keep Shabbat.
- 367
- 00:27:43,383 --> 00:27:45,416
- One interviewer told me
- I had a sterling résumé,
- 368
- 00:27:45,418 --> 00:27:46,819
- but they hired a woman
- last year,
- 369
- 00:27:46,821 --> 00:27:49,655
- and what in the world
- would they want with two of us?
- 370
- 00:27:49,657 --> 00:27:50,725
- You must be livid.
- 371
- 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:55,728
- Well, my mother told me
- not to give way to emotions.
- 372
- 00:27:55,730 --> 00:27:57,429
- Bullshit.
- 373
- 00:27:57,431 --> 00:28:00,499
- You're angry. Good.
- Use it.
- 374
- 00:28:00,501 --> 00:28:03,035
- I have to say, Mrs. Ginsburg,
- 375
- 00:28:03,037 --> 00:28:04,971
- I'm very impressed.
- 376
- 00:28:04,973 --> 00:28:06,438
- Mr. Greene...
- 377
- 00:28:06,440 --> 00:28:08,507
- I want to be a lawyer.
- 378
- 00:28:08,509 --> 00:28:10,911
- I want to represent clients
- before the court
- 379
- 00:28:10,913 --> 00:28:12,444
- in pursuit of justice.
- 380
- 00:28:12,446 --> 00:28:15,782
- You can see I-I worked hard
- through school, I...
- 381
- 00:28:15,784 --> 00:28:18,585
- I did everything I was
- supposed to, and I excelled.
- 382
- 00:28:18,587 --> 00:28:21,390
- I swear it,
- I'll do the same for you.
- 383
- 00:28:31,500 --> 00:28:34,735
- The fact is that,
- you know, we're a-a...
- 384
- 00:28:34,737 --> 00:28:38,005
- close-knit firm,
- almost like family,
- 385
- 00:28:38,007 --> 00:28:39,709
- and, uh...
- 386
- 00:28:42,745 --> 00:28:45,479
- ...the wives...
- 387
- 00:28:45,481 --> 00:28:47,817
- they get jealous.
- 388
- 00:29:17,815 --> 00:29:21,550
- <i>The prince would marry her</i>
- 389
- 00:29:21,552 --> 00:29:24,789
- <i>whose foot would fit
- the little slipper.</i>
- 390
- 00:29:26,057 --> 00:29:28,191
- Kiki?
- 391
- 00:29:28,193 --> 00:29:31,060
- - Hey! Kik!
- - First, he tried it on the...
- 392
- 00:29:31,062 --> 00:29:33,062
- - Where is everybody?
- - ...princess.
- 393
- 00:29:33,064 --> 00:29:34,697
- Oh, hi.
- 394
- 00:29:34,699 --> 00:29:36,132
- Hello, sweet pea.
- 395
- 00:29:36,134 --> 00:29:37,167
- Come here.
- 396
- 00:29:37,169 --> 00:29:39,069
- How was your day? Hmm?
- 397
- 00:29:39,071 --> 00:29:40,670
- I missed you.
- 398
- 00:29:40,672 --> 00:29:43,908
- Did you have a nice day?
- 399
- 00:29:43,910 --> 00:29:45,876
- Did you get the job?
- 400
- 00:29:45,878 --> 00:29:47,745
- You got the job.
- 401
- 00:29:47,747 --> 00:29:48,779
- That's wonderful.
- 402
- 00:29:48,781 --> 00:29:51,148
- Oh! So they're gonna give you
- a corner office,
- 403
- 00:29:51,150 --> 00:29:53,684
- or are you still gonna have
- to jump through some hoops?
- 404
- 00:29:53,686 --> 00:29:55,819
- It's not at Bibler and Greene.
- 405
- 00:29:55,821 --> 00:29:58,689
- I wasn't what they
- were looking for.
- 406
- 00:29:58,691 --> 00:29:59,790
- That's okay.
- 407
- 00:29:59,792 --> 00:30:02,160
- I told you one of those
- other firms would come back.
- 408
- 00:30:02,162 --> 00:30:03,562
- Which one was it?
- 409
- 00:30:04,897 --> 00:30:08,233
- Clyde Ferguson left
- his professorship at Rutgers.
- 410
- 00:30:08,235 --> 00:30:10,501
- - Kiki...
- - They haven't found
- 411
- 00:30:10,503 --> 00:30:11,970
- another black man
- to replace him,
- 412
- 00:30:11,972 --> 00:30:15,974
- so someone thought a woman
- would be the next best thing.
- 413
- 00:30:23,083 --> 00:30:25,517
- - Good news.
- - You can't quit.
- 414
- 00:30:25,519 --> 00:30:28,187
- There are more firms out there.
- This is the biggest city
- 415
- 00:30:28,189 --> 00:30:30,622
- in the most litigious country
- in the history of the planet.
- 416
- 00:30:30,624 --> 00:30:33,259
- - You can still...
- - Marty, I got a job.
- 417
- 00:30:33,261 --> 00:30:35,895
- Just open the champagne.
- 418
- 00:30:40,668 --> 00:30:41,869
- Okay.
- 419
- 00:30:43,104 --> 00:30:45,907
- Okay. Then let's celebrate.
- 420
- 00:30:53,182 --> 00:30:55,683
- <i>Marriage of Figaro.</i>
- 421
- 00:31:01,757 --> 00:31:04,124
- You know what I think?
- I think this is good.
- 422
- 00:31:04,126 --> 00:31:05,759
- I think it's better.
- 423
- 00:31:05,761 --> 00:31:08,028
- You won't be beholden to any firm,
- 424
- 00:31:08,030 --> 00:31:10,764
- you won't have a partner
- breathing down your neck,
- 425
- 00:31:10,766 --> 00:31:13,234
- and also, a professor
- is free to represent
- 426
- 00:31:13,236 --> 00:31:15,669
- any client she chooses.
- 427
- 00:31:15,671 --> 00:31:17,671
- As long as they
- don't mind a lawyer
- 428
- 00:31:17,673 --> 00:31:20,908
- - who's never actually practiced law.
- - Well...
- 429
- 00:31:20,910 --> 00:31:24,045
- all I have to say is,
- 430
- 00:31:24,047 --> 00:31:26,282
- hooray for Mommy.
- 431
- 00:31:28,151 --> 00:31:30,520
- Cheers.
- 432
- 00:31:31,888 --> 00:31:33,788
- Hooray for Mommy.
- 433
- 00:31:36,593 --> 00:31:38,928
- Hooray for Mommy.
- 434
- 00:31:54,345 --> 00:31:56,278
- <i>Hell no, we won't go!</i>
- 435
- 00:31:56,280 --> 00:31:58,281
- <i>Hell no, we won't go!</i>
- 436
- 00:31:58,283 --> 00:31:59,282
- Hell no, we won't go...
- 437
- 00:32:07,691 --> 00:32:10,760
- No!
- 438
- 00:32:10,762 --> 00:32:12,662
- Vietnam!
- 439
- 00:32:12,664 --> 00:32:14,831
- And now they're telling us
- 440
- 00:32:14,833 --> 00:32:16,833
- there's gonna be
- no prosecution!
- 441
- 00:32:16,835 --> 00:32:19,135
- - No! - No!
- - Are we gonna stand for that?
- 442
- 00:32:19,137 --> 00:32:20,203
- No!
- 443
- 00:32:20,205 --> 00:32:22,138
- Are we gonna die in Vietnam?
- 444
- 00:32:22,140 --> 00:32:23,873
- - No!
- - No!
- 445
- 00:32:23,875 --> 00:32:27,178
- Hell no, we won't go!
- Hell no, we won't go!
- 446
- 00:32:27,180 --> 00:32:28,979
- Hell no, we won't go!
- 447
- 00:32:28,981 --> 00:32:31,951
- Hell no, we won't go! Hell no!
- 448
- 00:32:43,663 --> 00:32:46,097
- I am Professor Ginsburg.
- 449
- 00:32:46,099 --> 00:32:49,334
- This is Sex Discrimination
- and the Law.
- 450
- 00:32:49,336 --> 00:32:51,836
- Some of my colleagues
- will tell you
- 451
- 00:32:51,838 --> 00:32:54,239
- that sex discrimination
- doesn't exist,
- 452
- 00:32:54,241 --> 00:32:56,441
- that I may as well be teaching
- 453
- 00:32:56,443 --> 00:32:58,810
- the legal rights
- of gnomes and fairies.
- 454
- 00:32:58,812 --> 00:33:02,749
- We'll see if they're right.
- 455
- 00:33:03,684 --> 00:33:05,217
- <i>Hoyt versus Florida.</i>
- 456
- 00:33:05,219 --> 00:33:08,053
- State the facts,
- please, Miss...
- 457
- 00:33:08,055 --> 00:33:10,055
- Valentin.
- 458
- 00:33:10,057 --> 00:33:11,890
- Gwendolyn Hoyt was a housewife,
- 459
- 00:33:11,892 --> 00:33:14,360
- and her husband was
- this asshole.
- 460
- 00:33:14,362 --> 00:33:16,828
- Can you recall the specifics?
- 461
- 00:33:16,830 --> 00:33:18,830
- He cheated on her.
- He choked her.
- 462
- 00:33:18,832 --> 00:33:21,733
- He'd rip off her clothes
- and threaten to kill her.
- 463
- 00:33:21,735 --> 00:33:25,171
- So in statutory terms,
- he was a "real asshole."
- 464
- 00:33:26,441 --> 00:33:28,074
- On the night in question,
- 465
- 00:33:28,076 --> 00:33:31,978
- Clarence told his wife
- that he'd met another woman
- 466
- 00:33:31,980 --> 00:33:33,913
- and he was leaving her.
- 467
- 00:33:33,915 --> 00:33:36,916
- How did Hoyt respond,
- Miss... Burton?
- 468
- 00:33:36,918 --> 00:33:39,919
- She smashed in his skull
- with a baseball bat,
- 469
- 00:33:39,921 --> 00:33:43,957
- then called an ambulance
- while he was dying.
- 470
- 00:33:43,959 --> 00:33:47,895
- A jury convicted Hoyt
- of second-degree murder.
- 471
- 00:33:47,897 --> 00:33:50,130
- And that's where
- our story begins.
- 472
- 00:33:50,132 --> 00:33:52,833
- A great civil rights lawyer
- 473
- 00:33:52,835 --> 00:33:55,335
- took up Hoyt's appeal.
- 474
- 00:33:55,337 --> 00:33:57,971
- Dorothy...
- 475
- 00:33:57,973 --> 00:33:59,442
- Kenyon.
- 476
- 00:34:01,944 --> 00:34:04,745
- On what grounds,
- Miss... Roemer?
- 477
- 00:34:04,747 --> 00:34:07,081
- The Florida's juries violated
- the U.S. Constitution,
- 478
- 00:34:07,083 --> 00:34:09,083
- 'cause there were
- only men on them.
- 479
- 00:34:09,085 --> 00:34:12,120
- Kenyon said that
- if there were women on it,
- 480
- 00:34:12,122 --> 00:34:14,255
- Hoyt may have been convicted
- of a lesser crime,
- 481
- 00:34:14,257 --> 00:34:16,958
- - like manslaughter.
- - That law makes sense, though.
- 482
- 00:34:16,960 --> 00:34:19,360
- Uh, women can't take care
- of their kids
- 483
- 00:34:19,362 --> 00:34:21,262
- if they're
- on some sequestered jury.
- 484
- 00:34:21,264 --> 00:34:22,830
- - Oh, is that so?
- - What? - Excuse me?
- 485
- 00:34:22,832 --> 00:34:24,300
- What?
- Men are the mammoth hunters.
- 486
- 00:34:24,302 --> 00:34:26,202
- You're never getting laid again.
- 487
- 00:34:26,204 --> 00:34:28,137
- - What about women who don't have children?
- - Yeah.
- 488
- 00:34:28,139 --> 00:34:30,206
- - Or they're out of the house?
- - Let the man stay home
- 489
- 00:34:30,208 --> 00:34:32,141
- and take care of his children.
- 490
- 00:34:32,143 --> 00:34:33,475
- Hey, don't take it out on me.
- 491
- 00:34:33,477 --> 00:34:35,077
- I'm not holding
- my fiancée back.
- 492
- 00:34:35,079 --> 00:34:37,279
- - She's got two jobs.
- - Which...
- 493
- 00:34:37,281 --> 00:34:40,051
- she can be fired from
- just for marrying you.
- 494
- 00:34:41,252 --> 00:34:43,352
- The law allows it.
- 495
- 00:34:43,354 --> 00:34:45,254
- There are laws that say
- 496
- 00:34:45,256 --> 00:34:46,989
- women can't work overtime.
- 497
- 00:34:46,991 --> 00:34:50,460
- And that a... a woman's
- social security benefits,
- 498
- 00:34:50,462 --> 00:34:52,028
- unlike her husband's,
- 499
- 00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:54,863
- don't provide for her family
- after death.
- 500
- 00:34:54,865 --> 00:34:57,133
- - What? That's bullshit!
- - Excuse me? - Crazy.
- 501
- 00:34:57,135 --> 00:35:00,870
- Ten years ago, Dorothy Kenyon
- asked a question:
- 502
- 00:35:00,872 --> 00:35:03,873
- If the law differentiates
- on the basis of sex,
- 503
- 00:35:03,875 --> 00:35:07,177
- then how will women and men
- ever become equals?
- 504
- 00:35:07,179 --> 00:35:09,179
- And the Supreme Court answered:
- 505
- 00:35:09,181 --> 00:35:11,181
- They won't.
- 506
- 00:35:11,183 --> 00:35:12,949
- Hoyt lost her appeal.
- 507
- 00:35:12,951 --> 00:35:15,286
- The decision was unanimous.
- 508
- 00:35:15,288 --> 00:35:20,424
- Discrimination
- on the basis of sex is legal.
- 509
- 00:35:33,906 --> 00:35:35,507
- Here, stir that in.
- 510
- 00:35:35,509 --> 00:35:37,942
- Mmm, Daddy,
- that's not how you do it.
- 511
- 00:35:37,944 --> 00:35:40,412
- - Oh, really?
- - If you put the herbs in too early,
- 512
- 00:35:40,414 --> 00:35:42,147
- they lose all their punch.
- 513
- 00:35:42,149 --> 00:35:44,049
- Well, they're not supposed
- to pummel each other, Jane.
- 514
- 00:35:44,051 --> 00:35:46,118
- They're supposed to complement
- each other, and that is why
- 515
- 00:35:46,120 --> 00:35:48,186
- - it's called "marrying the flavors."
- - We're home!
- 516
- 00:35:48,188 --> 00:35:50,155
- - Hi!
- - Daddy!
- 517
- 00:35:50,157 --> 00:35:51,456
- Buddy!
- 518
- 00:35:51,458 --> 00:35:53,125
- - How was your day?
- - Good.
- 519
- 00:35:53,127 --> 00:35:55,093
- - Did you have a good day at school?
- - Uh-huh.
- 520
- 00:35:55,095 --> 00:35:56,995
- What'd you learn?
- Anything exciting?
- 521
- 00:35:56,997 --> 00:35:58,864
- - Not really.
- - No? - Hi.
- 522
- 00:35:58,866 --> 00:36:00,932
- - Hi.
- - Hi.
- 523
- 00:36:00,934 --> 00:36:03,336
- - Jane.
- - Hey, Mom.
- 524
- 00:36:03,338 --> 00:36:05,538
- How's this year's class?
- 525
- 00:36:05,540 --> 00:36:08,341
- Oh, these kids
- are so passionate.
- 526
- 00:36:08,343 --> 00:36:12,078
- To them, it's about more
- than precedents and dissents.
- 527
- 00:36:12,080 --> 00:36:14,581
- - They want to forge a movement.
- - That's great.
- 528
- 00:36:14,583 --> 00:36:16,482
- Mmm. This is delicious.
- 529
- 00:36:16,484 --> 00:36:18,419
- Don't act so surprised.
- 530
- 00:36:18,421 --> 00:36:19,886
- Jane?
- 531
- 00:36:19,888 --> 00:36:23,390
- I got a call
- from your school today.
- 532
- 00:36:23,392 --> 00:36:26,293
- Apparently, I misdated a note
- 533
- 00:36:26,295 --> 00:36:28,095
- excusing you from classes
- 534
- 00:36:28,097 --> 00:36:29,963
- - last week.
- - It's not a big deal.
- 535
- 00:36:29,965 --> 00:36:31,532
- Oh, well, problem solved,
- then, right?
- 536
- 00:36:31,534 --> 00:36:32,633
- You skipped school.
- 537
- 00:36:32,635 --> 00:36:34,168
- It's... it's the first week.
- 538
- 00:36:34,170 --> 00:36:35,969
- Is... is this what this year's
- gonna be like?
- 539
- 00:36:35,971 --> 00:36:38,138
- - And you lied to the school.
- - I never lied.
- 540
- 00:36:38,140 --> 00:36:40,107
- No, forging a note
- is lying, Jane.
- 541
- 00:36:40,109 --> 00:36:41,977
- You're smart enough
- to know that.
- 542
- 00:36:42,912 --> 00:36:44,512
- Well, apparently I'm not, Mom.
- 543
- 00:36:47,217 --> 00:36:50,118
- Don't forget we have
- that party tonight. Not you.
- 544
- 00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:51,686
- - Jane.
- - You're staying right here with me.
- 545
- 00:36:51,688 --> 00:36:54,189
- - I apologize, okay?
- - I want to know where you were.
- 546
- 00:36:54,191 --> 00:36:57,392
- Denise and I went to a rally
- to hear Gloria Steinem speak.
- 547
- 00:36:57,394 --> 00:36:59,327
- What?
- 548
- 00:36:59,329 --> 00:37:01,529
- Gloria Steinem. She's a writer.
- 549
- 00:37:01,531 --> 00:37:03,131
- She just started
- her own magazine.
- 550
- 00:37:03,133 --> 00:37:04,633
- She testified in the Senate
- about...
- 551
- 00:37:04,635 --> 00:37:06,935
- Yeah, I know
- who Gloria Steinem is.
- 552
- 00:37:06,937 --> 00:37:09,137
- What if you got hurt
- or arrested?
- 553
- 00:37:09,139 --> 00:37:11,106
- Mom, it's a rally, not a riot.
- 554
- 00:37:11,108 --> 00:37:12,475
- Jane, these things
- can get out of hand.
- 555
- 00:37:12,477 --> 00:37:14,577
- Okay, well, I'm 15 years old,
- and you don't need
- 556
- 00:37:14,579 --> 00:37:16,278
- - to control every minute of my life.
- - Yes, I do.
- 557
- 00:37:16,280 --> 00:37:18,280
- That is my job. And your job
- is to go to school and learn.
- 558
- 00:37:18,282 --> 00:37:21,150
- Well, Gloria says we need
- to unlearn the status quo.
- 559
- 00:37:21,152 --> 00:37:23,686
- Oh, so you're
- on a first-name basis now?
- 560
- 00:37:23,688 --> 00:37:25,354
- You know what, Mom?
- 561
- 00:37:25,356 --> 00:37:27,423
- If you want to sit around
- with your students and talk
- 562
- 00:37:27,425 --> 00:37:29,693
- - about how shitty it is to be a girl...
- - Hey. Language.
- 563
- 00:37:29,695 --> 00:37:31,293
- But don't pretend
- it's a movement, okay?
- 564
- 00:37:31,295 --> 00:37:34,096
- It's not a movement
- if everyone's just sitting.
- 565
- 00:37:34,098 --> 00:37:37,302
- - That's a support group.
- - Jane, that's enough.
- 566
- 00:37:40,038 --> 00:37:42,239
- We should get going.
- 567
- 00:37:42,241 --> 00:37:44,576
- Yeah, go make yourself pretty
- for Daddy's party.
- 568
- 00:37:46,211 --> 00:37:48,311
- You know what?
- Go to your room.
- 569
- 00:37:48,313 --> 00:37:50,182
- Fine.
- 570
- 00:37:52,351 --> 00:37:54,017
- No, no, it's well known.
- 571
- 00:37:54,019 --> 00:37:56,587
- Tax is the only genuinely
- funny area of the law.
- 572
- 00:37:56,589 --> 00:37:59,122
- I think most of us
- just want careers that have
- 573
- 00:37:59,124 --> 00:38:02,193
- - a little more, uh, impact.
- - Hmm.
- 574
- 00:38:02,195 --> 00:38:04,195
- You know, young people
- in Sweden these days
- 575
- 00:38:04,197 --> 00:38:05,763
- - aren't getting married?
- - Really?
- 576
- 00:38:05,765 --> 00:38:07,365
- It's true.
- They're getting engaged.
- 577
- 00:38:07,367 --> 00:38:11,035
- - Hmm.
- - They're still living together.
- 578
- 00:38:11,037 --> 00:38:13,037
- They're still having kids,
- raising a family.
- 579
- 00:38:13,039 --> 00:38:15,206
- But they're not getting
- married. You know why?
- 580
- 00:38:15,208 --> 00:38:17,375
- They can have sex without it.
- 581
- 00:38:19,613 --> 00:38:23,147
- - It's because of taxes.
- - Mm-hmm. - Ah.
- 582
- 00:38:23,149 --> 00:38:25,451
- That's true. After the war,
- Sweden passed a law that said
- 583
- 00:38:25,453 --> 00:38:28,287
- married couples will now file
- joint income tax returns.
- 584
- 00:38:28,289 --> 00:38:30,088
- However,
- unlike the United States,
- 585
- 00:38:30,090 --> 00:38:32,224
- they weren't given
- any of the benefits from it.
- 586
- 00:38:32,226 --> 00:38:34,593
- So married Swedes
- were finding themselves
- 587
- 00:38:34,595 --> 00:38:36,228
- in the uncomfortable position
- 588
- 00:38:36,230 --> 00:38:38,230
- of now being
- in a higher tax bracket.
- 589
- 00:38:38,232 --> 00:38:41,133
- - Oh, really?
- - So they got divorced.
- 590
- 00:38:41,135 --> 00:38:43,035
- Of course, they
- were still living together.
- 591
- 00:38:43,037 --> 00:38:44,804
- So the Swedish government
- then passes a new law
- 592
- 00:38:44,806 --> 00:38:47,105
- that says, all right, married
- couples who get divorced
- 593
- 00:38:47,107 --> 00:38:49,375
- but continue to live together,
- for tax purposes,
- 594
- 00:38:49,377 --> 00:38:51,711
- will be considered
- still married.
- 595
- 00:38:51,713 --> 00:38:53,213
- So they did
- what anyone would do.
- 596
- 00:38:53,215 --> 00:38:54,781
- They add a second entrance
- to their home
- 597
- 00:38:54,783 --> 00:38:56,817
- with a nice wall that goes
- right down the middle,
- 598
- 00:38:56,819 --> 00:38:59,219
- - with doors for...
- - easy access.
- 599
- 00:38:59,221 --> 00:39:01,054
- "All right, fine,"
- 600
- 00:39:01,056 --> 00:39:03,456
- says the Swedish government,
- "new law."
- 601
- 00:39:03,458 --> 00:39:05,593
- Once married,
- now divorced couples living
- 602
- 00:39:05,595 --> 00:39:10,063
- in a two-income household
- that is subdivided would,
- 603
- 00:39:10,065 --> 00:39:11,832
- again, for tax purposes,
- 604
- 00:39:11,834 --> 00:39:14,201
- be considered living together,
- and therefore...
- 605
- 00:39:14,203 --> 00:39:16,203
- Therefore still married.
- 606
- 00:39:16,205 --> 00:39:17,805
- Now he's got it.
- 607
- 00:39:17,807 --> 00:39:19,540
- And this went on for decades.
- 608
- 00:39:19,542 --> 00:39:21,542
- All the while,
- a whole generation of Swedes
- 609
- 00:39:21,544 --> 00:39:23,677
- simply skirted the issue
- by never getting married
- 610
- 00:39:23,679 --> 00:39:25,312
- in the first place.
- Thank you.
- 611
- 00:39:25,314 --> 00:39:27,716
- Speaking of, have you all met
- my lovely wife, Ruth?
- 612
- 00:39:27,718 --> 00:39:30,217
- The moral of this story
- is that in their attempt
- 613
- 00:39:30,219 --> 00:39:32,554
- to raise revenue,
- the Swedish government
- 614
- 00:39:32,556 --> 00:39:35,423
- ruined all those young men's
- best hope at happiness.
- 615
- 00:39:35,425 --> 00:39:37,692
- Exactly. Because...
- 616
- 00:39:37,694 --> 00:39:39,861
- how a government taxes
- its citizens
- 617
- 00:39:39,863 --> 00:39:43,198
- is a direct declaration
- of a country's values.
- 618
- 00:39:43,200 --> 00:39:46,268
- So tell me, what could have
- more impact than that?
- 619
- 00:39:47,304 --> 00:39:49,504
- You'd be wise to listen, boys.
- 620
- 00:39:49,506 --> 00:39:51,273
- I-I swear to Christ,
- 621
- 00:39:51,275 --> 00:39:54,510
- Martin Ginsburg will be signing
- all of our checks someday.
- 622
- 00:39:56,481 --> 00:39:59,149
- You're a smart girl, Ruthy.
- You married a star.
- 623
- 00:40:02,186 --> 00:40:04,120
- Tom Maller's barely evolved.
- 624
- 00:40:04,122 --> 00:40:06,589
- He started walking upright
- last week.
- 625
- 00:40:06,591 --> 00:40:08,457
- - You always do that.
- - What?
- 626
- 00:40:08,459 --> 00:40:10,593
- You act like...
- like it doesn't matter.
- 627
- 00:40:10,595 --> 00:40:13,195
- - No.
- - But all the little brush-offs,
- 628
- 00:40:13,197 --> 00:40:15,231
- the dismissive pats
- on the head,
- 629
- 00:40:15,233 --> 00:40:17,433
- - it-it matters, Marty.
- - Why?
- 630
- 00:40:17,435 --> 00:40:21,638
- You know what you're doing
- is important, so who cares?
- 631
- 00:40:21,640 --> 00:40:24,408
- Okay, fine. Next time my boss
- gives me a clumsy compliment,
- 632
- 00:40:24,410 --> 00:40:27,344
- I'll challenge him to a duel.
- Will that make you happy?
- 633
- 00:40:27,346 --> 00:40:29,680
- I wouldn't want to hurt
- your stellar reputation.
- 634
- 00:40:29,682 --> 00:40:31,682
- Just tell me what you want.
- 635
- 00:40:31,684 --> 00:40:34,351
- Nothing. I want nothing.
- I-I want you to go to work
- 636
- 00:40:34,353 --> 00:40:35,853
- - and wow your bosses and clients...
- - Oh, great.
- 637
- 00:40:35,855 --> 00:40:38,155
- ...and be the youngest partner
- in the history of the firm.
- 638
- 00:40:38,157 --> 00:40:39,724
- That's not fair. That's not
- fair, and you know it.
- 639
- 00:40:39,726 --> 00:40:40,792
- Then I want you
- to walk me home, Marty,
- 640
- 00:40:40,794 --> 00:40:42,860
- so I can sit in my corner
- and write a lesson plan
- 641
- 00:40:42,862 --> 00:40:43,928
- to inspire the next generation
- of students...
- 642
- 00:40:43,930 --> 00:40:46,229
- - No one's put you in the corner.
- - ...to go forth
- 643
- 00:40:46,231 --> 00:40:47,532
- - and fight for equality.
- - I don't understand why
- 644
- 00:40:47,534 --> 00:40:49,667
- you're acting like that's
- such a bad thing.
- 645
- 00:40:49,669 --> 00:40:52,637
- You're out there training
- the next generation of lawyers
- 646
- 00:40:52,639 --> 00:40:53,738
- to change the world.
- 647
- 00:40:53,740 --> 00:40:56,409
- 'Cause that's
- what I wanted to do!
- 648
- 00:41:02,717 --> 00:41:04,785
- Kiki. Kiki.
- 649
- 00:41:16,297 --> 00:41:17,565
- Page 21.
- 650
- 00:41:18,900 --> 00:41:20,967
- I don't read tax court cases.
- 651
- 00:41:20,969 --> 00:41:22,501
- Read this one.
- 652
- 00:41:22,503 --> 00:41:24,971
- The IRS denied a petitioner
- a tax deduction
- 653
- 00:41:24,973 --> 00:41:28,407
- to hire a nurse to take care
- of an invalid mother.
- 654
- 00:41:28,409 --> 00:41:31,544
- - Sounds like a real page-turner.
- - Hmm.
- 655
- 00:41:31,546 --> 00:41:34,547
- - Ask me why.
- - Marty, I have a lecture to write.
- 656
- 00:41:34,549 --> 00:41:36,284
- Hmm. Okay.
- 657
- 00:41:38,920 --> 00:41:42,224
- It's because
- the petitioner is a man.
- 658
- 00:41:47,362 --> 00:41:49,830
- Marty...
- 659
- 00:41:49,832 --> 00:41:52,399
- Section 214 of the tax code
- 660
- 00:41:52,401 --> 00:41:56,506
- assumes a caregiver
- has to be a woman.
- 661
- 00:41:57,874 --> 00:41:59,874
- This is sex-based
- discrimination
- 662
- 00:41:59,876 --> 00:42:02,512
- against a man.
- 663
- 00:42:03,446 --> 00:42:05,947
- Poor guy.
- 664
- 00:42:05,949 --> 00:42:08,582
- If a federal court
- 665
- 00:42:08,584 --> 00:42:12,688
- ruled that this law
- is unconstitutional,
- 666
- 00:42:12,690 --> 00:42:16,457
- then it could become
- the precedent others refer to
- 667
- 00:42:16,459 --> 00:42:17,926
- and build on.
- 668
- 00:42:17,928 --> 00:42:20,397
- Men and women both. It-it...
- 669
- 00:42:21,565 --> 00:42:24,299
- It could topple
- the whole damn system
- 670
- 00:42:24,301 --> 00:42:26,370
- of discrimination.
- 671
- 00:42:28,039 --> 00:42:30,272
- What?
- 672
- 00:42:30,274 --> 00:42:32,274
- Nothing.
- I'm just thrilled
- 673
- 00:42:32,276 --> 00:42:35,544
- at your newfound enthusiasm
- for tax law.
- 674
- 00:42:35,546 --> 00:42:37,682
- Marty.
- 675
- 00:42:38,750 --> 00:42:40,482
- Oh, Marty.
- 676
- 00:42:40,484 --> 00:42:43,553
- We need to take this case.
- 677
- 00:42:55,800 --> 00:42:58,035
- Of course he says
- he's against bombing Cambodia.
- 678
- 00:42:58,037 --> 00:43:00,336
- I want to know, where's
- the bill to defund it?
- 679
- 00:43:00,338 --> 00:43:02,438
- It's derogatory, it's taunting,
- but it's speech.
- 680
- 00:43:02,440 --> 00:43:05,308
- Hi. Mel Wulf is expecting me.
- 681
- 00:43:05,310 --> 00:43:07,511
- He wants to get his hands
- on Nixon, or he hopes
- 682
- 00:43:07,513 --> 00:43:09,413
- - the Viet Cong do?
- - Well, why? What's the difference?
- 683
- 00:43:09,415 --> 00:43:10,781
- Five years in prison.
- 684
- 00:43:10,783 --> 00:43:12,351
- Go.
- 685
- 00:43:14,787 --> 00:43:17,088
- ♪ Oh...
- 686
- 00:43:17,090 --> 00:43:19,590
- ♪ I'm an acorn
- short and round ♪
- 687
- 00:43:19,592 --> 00:43:21,391
- ♪ Lying on the dusty ground
- 688
- 00:43:21,393 --> 00:43:22,761
- ♪ Everybody steps on me
- 689
- 00:43:22,763 --> 00:43:24,763
- ♪ That is why I'm cracked,
- you see ♪
- 690
- 00:43:24,765 --> 00:43:25,897
- ♪ I'm a nut
- 691
- 00:43:25,899 --> 00:43:27,799
- ♪ I'm a nut, I'm a nut
- 692
- 00:43:27,801 --> 00:43:29,399
- Come on.
- ♪ I'm a nut
- 693
- 00:43:29,401 --> 00:43:31,669
- ♪ I'm a nut, I'm a nut
- 694
- 00:43:31,671 --> 00:43:34,506
- ♪ I'm a nut, I'm a nut,
- I'm a nut ♪
- 695
- 00:43:34,508 --> 00:43:36,040
- ♪ Oh
- 696
- 00:43:36,042 --> 00:43:37,809
- ♪ I'm a nut,
- but that's no sin ♪
- 697
- 00:43:37,811 --> 00:43:40,079
- ♪ 'Cause at Camp Che-Na-Wah
- I fit right in. ♪
- 698
- 00:43:41,381 --> 00:43:42,781
- Ladies and gentlemen,
- 699
- 00:43:42,783 --> 00:43:45,117
- three-time Camp Che-Na-Wah
- All-Around Camper,
- 700
- 00:43:45,119 --> 00:43:47,587
- Ruth "Kiki" Bader.
- 701
- 00:43:49,891 --> 00:43:52,691
- Oh, and for all you
- who think this job is hard,
- 702
- 00:43:52,693 --> 00:43:56,061
- I judged the 13-and-unders with
- a color war trophy on the line.
- 703
- 00:43:56,063 --> 00:43:58,366
- Back to work.
- 704
- 00:43:59,500 --> 00:44:02,303
- Hey, Kiki. What do you say?
- 705
- 00:44:03,471 --> 00:44:06,405
- Hi, Mel.
- 706
- 00:44:06,407 --> 00:44:08,509
- Sorry about that.
- 707
- 00:44:09,912 --> 00:44:11,745
- You said you had a case.
- 708
- 00:44:11,747 --> 00:44:13,914
- This is not a case...
- this is the opening salvo
- 709
- 00:44:13,916 --> 00:44:16,683
- on a 50-year war for
- a new class of civil rights.
- 710
- 00:44:16,685 --> 00:44:19,386
- - Yes, exactly.
- - Huh. I can't do this.
- 711
- 00:44:19,388 --> 00:44:20,954
- - This is beyond my mandate.
- - Wha...
- 712
- 00:44:20,956 --> 00:44:23,456
- American Civil Liberties Union?
- 713
- 00:44:23,458 --> 00:44:24,991
- Women's rights
- are civil rights.
- 714
- 00:44:24,993 --> 00:44:27,928
- I'm still getting flack for
- defending draft card burners.
- 715
- 00:44:27,930 --> 00:44:29,997
- And the right to protest
- actually exists.
- 716
- 00:44:29,999 --> 00:44:31,565
- After you.
- 717
- 00:44:31,567 --> 00:44:32,801
- Here.
- 718
- 00:44:35,004 --> 00:44:37,106
- Phyllis, can I get a...?
- 719
- 00:44:46,683 --> 00:44:48,451
- How's Marty?
- 720
- 00:44:49,752 --> 00:44:51,153
- He's fine.
- 721
- 00:44:51,155 --> 00:44:53,021
- Still protecting the rich
- 722
- 00:44:53,023 --> 00:44:55,425
- against the predations
- of the poor?
- 723
- 00:44:57,127 --> 00:45:00,662
- If we're gonna appeal,
- the court needs to agree
- 724
- 00:45:00,664 --> 00:45:02,664
- there's a constitutional
- handle here.
- 725
- 00:45:02,666 --> 00:45:04,933
- How did you even convince this
- guy to let you represent him?
- 726
- 00:45:04,935 --> 00:45:06,735
- I-I'll take care of that.
- 727
- 00:45:06,737 --> 00:45:08,136
- - He doesn't know?
- - Alone...
- 728
- 00:45:08,138 --> 00:45:09,972
- - Are you kidding me?
- - Alone, the judges
- 729
- 00:45:09,974 --> 00:45:13,008
- - may not give Marty and I the benefit of the doubt.
- - Whoa.
- 730
- 00:45:13,010 --> 00:45:15,711
- But with your name
- alongside ours on the brief...
- 731
- 00:45:15,713 --> 00:45:17,813
- Yeah.
- 732
- 00:45:17,815 --> 00:45:20,016
- Mel, you must see the...
- 733
- 00:45:20,018 --> 00:45:22,517
- the opportunity
- this case represents.
- 734
- 00:45:22,519 --> 00:45:23,987
- You think the judges
- are gonna be sympathetic
- 735
- 00:45:23,989 --> 00:45:25,655
- just 'cause they all
- have prostates?
- 736
- 00:45:25,657 --> 00:45:27,924
- Men and women all eat at the
- same lunch counters, they drink
- 737
- 00:45:27,926 --> 00:45:30,059
- at the same water fountains,
- they go to the same schools...
- 738
- 00:45:30,061 --> 00:45:32,562
- - Women can't attend Dartmouth.
- - Men can't go to Smith.
- 739
- 00:45:32,564 --> 00:45:35,232
- Women police officers can't
- patrol New York City streets.
- 740
- 00:45:35,234 --> 00:45:36,768
- We have to get...
- 741
- 00:45:39,471 --> 00:45:41,738
- We have to get credit cards
- 742
- 00:45:41,740 --> 00:45:43,539
- in our husbands' names.
- 743
- 00:45:43,541 --> 00:45:45,075
- You're not a minority.
- 744
- 00:45:45,077 --> 00:45:47,211
- You're 51% of the population!
- 745
- 00:45:47,213 --> 00:45:48,979
- And it's been tried.
- <i>Muller, Goesaert.</i>
- 746
- 00:45:48,981 --> 00:45:50,681
- Uh... what's the other one?
- 747
- 00:45:50,683 --> 00:45:52,583
- The one with the woman
- with the baseball bat.
- 748
- 00:45:52,585 --> 00:45:54,251
- - Gwendolyn Hoyt.
- - Gwendolyn Hoyt. Exactly.
- 749
- 00:45:54,253 --> 00:45:55,786
- Yeah, and morally,
- they were right.
- 750
- 00:45:55,788 --> 00:45:56,954
- Yet they lost.
- 751
- 00:45:56,956 --> 00:45:58,589
- Ruth...
- 752
- 00:45:58,591 --> 00:46:00,791
- morality does not win the day.
- 753
- 00:46:00,793 --> 00:46:01,759
- Look around you.
- 754
- 00:46:01,761 --> 00:46:04,561
- Dorothy Kenyon
- could not get women equality
- 755
- 00:46:04,563 --> 00:46:06,131
- by arguing a case
- with sex, murder
- 756
- 00:46:06,133 --> 00:46:07,631
- and prison time on the line.
- 757
- 00:46:07,633 --> 00:46:09,234
- You and Marty think
- you're gonna do it
- 758
- 00:46:09,236 --> 00:46:11,903
- with this guy and his taxes?
- 759
- 00:46:49,178 --> 00:46:51,111
- Operator.
- 760
- 00:46:51,113 --> 00:46:53,681
- I-I... I need a number.
- 761
- 00:46:54,882 --> 00:46:56,950
- Denver, Colorado.
- 762
- 00:46:56,952 --> 00:46:59,152
- <i>Come on,
- you're gonna miss your flight.</i>
- 763
- 00:46:59,154 --> 00:47:01,722
- Now, you have to get James from
- school while I'm in Denver.
- 764
- 00:47:01,724 --> 00:47:03,623
- Mom, I told you,
- Denise and I are starting our
- 765
- 00:47:03,625 --> 00:47:05,258
- - consciousness-raising group.
- - Wait. Please wait.
- 766
- 00:47:05,260 --> 00:47:07,928
- Take James with you.
- 767
- 00:47:07,930 --> 00:47:09,629
- Will you be all right?
- 768
- 00:47:09,631 --> 00:47:12,065
- - Yeah.
- - We'll survive somehow.
- 769
- 00:47:12,067 --> 00:47:14,636
- Bye. Bye.
- 770
- 00:47:15,338 --> 00:47:16,970
- Go kick ass.
- 771
- 00:47:16,972 --> 00:47:18,605
- Meter's running.
- 772
- 00:47:18,607 --> 00:47:21,042
- Bye, Mom.
- 773
- 00:47:21,044 --> 00:47:23,545
- - Bye.
- - Bye, Mom.
- 774
- 00:47:39,196 --> 00:47:40,764
- Thank you.
- 775
- 00:47:54,211 --> 00:47:56,346
- - Mr. Moritz.
- - Mrs. Ginsburg.
- 776
- 00:47:56,348 --> 00:47:58,682
- Um, you're early.
- 777
- 00:47:59,984 --> 00:48:02,951
- Uh, I-I can come back
- in ten minutes if you prefer.
- 778
- 00:48:02,953 --> 00:48:04,320
- No, you might as...
- 779
- 00:48:04,322 --> 00:48:07,725
- might as well come in now
- and have your say.
- 780
- 00:48:08,659 --> 00:48:10,594
- Shoes off, please.
- 781
- 00:48:12,330 --> 00:48:14,230
- Just come on in.
- 782
- 00:48:14,232 --> 00:48:16,234
- Excuse me.
- 783
- 00:48:17,335 --> 00:48:20,337
- - Are you done, Mom?
- - No. Not yet.
- 784
- 00:48:20,339 --> 00:48:22,339
- - You want your...
- - I'm done, thanks.
- 785
- 00:48:22,341 --> 00:48:24,341
- - You want your crossword?
- - Yeah.
- 786
- 00:48:24,343 --> 00:48:26,345
- - Okay.
- - Please.
- 787
- 00:48:28,214 --> 00:48:31,148
- Here you go.
- 788
- 00:48:31,150 --> 00:48:32,349
- Mom.
- 789
- 00:48:32,351 --> 00:48:34,351
- - Uh-huh.
- - This is Mrs. Ginsburg.
- 790
- 00:48:34,353 --> 00:48:36,687
- She's the New York lawyer
- I told you about.
- 791
- 00:48:36,689 --> 00:48:38,689
- Mrs. Moritz, hello.
- 792
- 00:48:38,691 --> 00:48:40,993
- I thought she would be bigger.
- 793
- 00:48:42,662 --> 00:48:45,297
- - I...
- - Uh, y-you can have a seat.
- 794
- 00:48:45,299 --> 00:48:47,064
- Uh, here.
- Here you go.
- 795
- 00:48:47,066 --> 00:48:48,400
- Do you want your magnifier?
- 796
- 00:48:48,402 --> 00:48:49,733
- - Yeah, please. Yeah.
- - Okay.
- 797
- 00:48:49,735 --> 00:48:51,735
- There you go. All right.
- 798
- 00:48:51,737 --> 00:48:53,840
- - You want a drink?
- - Uh-huh.
- 799
- 00:48:58,278 --> 00:49:00,178
- I-I see you were a drum major.
- 800
- 00:49:00,180 --> 00:49:01,746
- I was a twirler.
- 801
- 00:49:01,748 --> 00:49:03,884
- That was a thousand years ago.
- 802
- 00:49:09,424 --> 00:49:11,990
- Mr. Moritz, about your case...
- 803
- 00:49:11,992 --> 00:49:14,127
- I don't have a case.
- 804
- 00:49:14,129 --> 00:49:16,229
- Four lawyers told me so.
- 805
- 00:49:16,231 --> 00:49:18,030
- And that judge...
- 806
- 00:49:18,032 --> 00:49:18,864
- Tietjens...
- 807
- 00:49:18,866 --> 00:49:21,234
- he basically called me
- a tax cheat.
- 808
- 00:49:21,236 --> 00:49:22,370
- Are you?
- 809
- 00:49:23,805 --> 00:49:26,906
- I never cheated at anything
- in my life.
- 810
- 00:49:26,908 --> 00:49:29,442
- "Tasmanian egg-layer."
- Eight letters.
- 811
- 00:49:29,444 --> 00:49:31,112
- Not now, Mom.
- 812
- 00:49:33,047 --> 00:49:35,349
- Tell me in your own words,
- 813
- 00:49:35,351 --> 00:49:37,783
- why did you hire a nurse?
- 814
- 00:49:37,785 --> 00:49:40,120
- If you've never cared
- for an ailing parent...
- 815
- 00:49:40,122 --> 00:49:42,055
- I have.
- 816
- 00:49:42,057 --> 00:49:43,157
- Then you know.
- 817
- 00:49:43,159 --> 00:49:46,193
- Between the dressing
- and the bathing and the toilet,
- 818
- 00:49:46,195 --> 00:49:48,061
- it's not a task for one person,
- 819
- 00:49:48,063 --> 00:49:50,164
- especially if you have
- a day job.
- 820
- 00:49:50,166 --> 00:49:53,767
- If it wasn't for Cleeta, uh,
- I'd have to put Mom in a home.
- 821
- 00:49:53,769 --> 00:49:56,437
- So you deducted Cleeta's salary
- on your taxes.
- 822
- 00:49:56,439 --> 00:49:59,039
- The judge said
- the tax code was clear.
- 823
- 00:49:59,041 --> 00:50:01,842
- Caretaker's deduction
- was available to all women,
- 824
- 00:50:01,844 --> 00:50:06,481
- but only to men who had wives
- who were incapacitated or dead
- 825
- 00:50:06,483 --> 00:50:09,050
- - or were divorced.
- - And you've never been married?
- 826
- 00:50:09,052 --> 00:50:11,819
- - No.
- - The men who wrote that law couldn't even fathom
- 827
- 00:50:11,821 --> 00:50:13,922
- that a bachelor,
- choosing to take care
- 828
- 00:50:13,924 --> 00:50:16,291
- of a parent at home,
- might exist.
- 829
- 00:50:16,293 --> 00:50:18,226
- "Tasmanian egg-layer,"
- 830
- 00:50:18,228 --> 00:50:20,228
- - second letter: "L."
- - Mom,
- 831
- 00:50:20,230 --> 00:50:23,099
- - I'll help you in a little bit.
- - How about "platypus"?
- 832
- 00:50:26,069 --> 00:50:28,772
- Ah! Ah.
- 833
- 00:50:30,975 --> 00:50:33,809
- I'm a salesman, Mrs. Ginsburg,
- 834
- 00:50:33,811 --> 00:50:37,114
- and I know when I'm being sold.
- 835
- 00:50:39,116 --> 00:50:43,386
- With due respect,
- you have $296 at issue.
- 836
- 00:50:43,388 --> 00:50:45,854
- I'm not here for the money.
- 837
- 00:50:45,856 --> 00:50:49,492
- We'd represent your appeal
- pro bono if you'll let us.
- 838
- 00:50:49,494 --> 00:50:52,262
- So... the judge was wrong?
- 839
- 00:50:52,264 --> 00:50:54,564
- Mr. Moritz...
- 840
- 00:50:54,566 --> 00:50:57,703
- the law is wrong.
- 841
- 00:51:01,106 --> 00:51:03,442
- Thank you. I was hungry.
- 842
- 00:51:05,578 --> 00:51:08,446
- If it's not for the money...
- 843
- 00:51:08,448 --> 00:51:10,816
- why are you here?
- 844
- 00:51:14,187 --> 00:51:17,388
- The 14th Amendment to
- the United States Constitution
- 845
- 00:51:17,390 --> 00:51:20,891
- says all people must be treated
- equally under the law.
- 846
- 00:51:20,893 --> 00:51:24,161
- Yet there are...
- I don't know how many laws
- 847
- 00:51:24,163 --> 00:51:27,298
- like the caregiver deduction
- that say, in effect,
- 848
- 00:51:27,300 --> 00:51:29,033
- women stay home,
- men go to work,
- 849
- 00:51:29,035 --> 00:51:31,235
- and that it should stay
- that way forever.
- 850
- 00:51:31,237 --> 00:51:33,605
- I want to convince
- the federal courts
- 851
- 00:51:33,607 --> 00:51:37,908
- that those laws
- are unconstitutional.
- 852
- 00:51:37,910 --> 00:51:39,079
- How do you do that?
- 853
- 00:51:40,381 --> 00:51:42,614
- One case at a time.
- 854
- 00:51:42,616 --> 00:51:44,184
- Starting with yours.
- 855
- 00:51:45,286 --> 00:51:47,187
- So I'm a guinea pig?
- 856
- 00:51:48,289 --> 00:51:50,088
- No, sir.
- 857
- 00:51:50,090 --> 00:51:52,457
- You're the man marching
- out ahead of the band,
- 858
- 00:51:52,459 --> 00:51:53,925
- leading the way.
- 859
- 00:51:55,162 --> 00:51:57,931
- Just like that drum major
- you used to be.
- 860
- 00:51:59,334 --> 00:52:01,967
- I've invested a lot of my own reputation
- 861
- 00:52:01,969 --> 00:52:04,337
- to building up your career,
- and now you're on track
- 862
- 00:52:04,339 --> 00:52:07,407
- to be the youngest partner
- in the history of the firm.
- 863
- 00:52:07,409 --> 00:52:11,544
- And you want to risk that
- for some cockamamy case?
- 864
- 00:52:11,546 --> 00:52:13,579
- Tom, I'm contractually
- obligated to ask
- 865
- 00:52:13,581 --> 00:52:16,082
- to take outside work,
- and I'm asking, but...
- 866
- 00:52:16,084 --> 00:52:19,285
- Okay, for God sakes, you're
- traipsing into this for what?
- 867
- 00:52:19,287 --> 00:52:22,289
- So your wife can feel
- like a real lawyer?
- 868
- 00:52:22,291 --> 00:52:24,258
- She is a real lawyer, Tom.
- 869
- 00:52:24,260 --> 00:52:27,094
- You want to support Ruth,
- tell her the truth.
- 870
- 00:52:27,096 --> 00:52:29,496
- - Which is?
- - The case is unwinnable.
- 871
- 00:52:29,498 --> 00:52:31,665
- Congress can write
- whatever taxes it wants.
- 872
- 00:52:31,667 --> 00:52:33,434
- That's not open
- to constitutional attack.
- 873
- 00:52:33,436 --> 00:52:36,303
- Or maybe you just say that
- because no one's been able
- 874
- 00:52:36,305 --> 00:52:38,305
- to successfully do it before.
- 875
- 00:52:38,307 --> 00:52:40,240
- Oh, Marty.
- 876
- 00:52:40,242 --> 00:52:42,376
- Fine. Try, but...
- 877
- 00:52:42,378 --> 00:52:45,380
- when you lose
- and you embarrass our firm,
- 878
- 00:52:45,382 --> 00:52:48,316
- just be ready for your career
- to come crashing back to earth.
- 879
- 00:52:48,318 --> 00:52:50,185
- Okay, noted, noted.
- And thank you, Tom.
- 880
- 00:52:50,187 --> 00:52:53,054
- - Thank you. Thank you.
- - Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 881
- 00:52:53,056 --> 00:52:54,689
- No! Murder
- can never be condoned,
- 882
- 00:52:54,691 --> 00:52:57,092
- - least of all by a lawyer.
- - It's called justice.
- 883
- 00:52:57,094 --> 00:52:59,394
- Yeah, what's just to you
- may not be just to me
- 884
- 00:52:59,396 --> 00:53:01,563
- - or to someone else.
- - You know what I'm talking about.
- 885
- 00:53:01,565 --> 00:53:04,265
- - Hello, family unit.
- - And would it kill you to admit
- 886
- 00:53:04,267 --> 00:53:06,401
- that maybe I actually did
- something right?
- 887
- 00:53:06,403 --> 00:53:09,104
- - This is an "A" paper.
- - Yeah, of course it is.
- 888
- 00:53:09,106 --> 00:53:12,208
- You're a beautiful writer.
- It just needs more work.
- 889
- 00:53:12,210 --> 00:53:14,477
- Please tell me
- you aren't going 15 rounds
- 890
- 00:53:14,479 --> 00:53:16,045
- over <i>To Kill a Mockingbird.</i>
- 891
- 00:53:16,047 --> 00:53:18,414
- Daddy, can you please tell Mom
- that Atticus Finch
- 892
- 00:53:18,416 --> 00:53:19,615
- can be a role model.
- 893
- 00:53:19,617 --> 00:53:21,250
- He covers up
- Bob Ewell's murder.
- 894
- 00:53:21,252 --> 00:53:22,518
- He's a terrible lawyer.
- 895
- 00:53:22,520 --> 00:53:24,487
- - Why? 'Cause you say so?
- - No, not me.
- 896
- 00:53:24,489 --> 00:53:27,390
- Canon 1 of the American Bar
- Association's Model Code
- 897
- 00:53:27,392 --> 00:53:30,359
- - of Responsibility.
- - What are you talking about?!
- 898
- 00:53:30,361 --> 00:53:31,695
- It's called legal ethics.
- 899
- 00:53:31,697 --> 00:53:33,697
- Well, you'd do
- exactly the same thing
- 900
- 00:53:33,699 --> 00:53:35,567
- if you actually had a heart.
- 901
- 00:53:41,440 --> 00:53:44,174
- I don't know where
- she gets her stubbornness.
- 902
- 00:53:44,176 --> 00:53:46,510
- Can't imagine.
- 903
- 00:53:46,512 --> 00:53:48,614
- So, how was your day?
- 904
- 00:53:54,454 --> 00:53:56,587
- "History discloses that woman
- 905
- 00:53:56,589 --> 00:53:59,524
- "has always been dependent
- upon man.
- 906
- 00:53:59,526 --> 00:54:02,427
- "Like children,
- she needs special care.
- 907
- 00:54:02,429 --> 00:54:04,462
- This justifies a difference
- in legislation..."
- 908
- 00:54:04,464 --> 00:54:07,331
- - <i>Muller v. Oregon,</i> the law of the land.
- - Wow.
- 909
- 00:54:07,333 --> 00:54:09,233
- Or <i>Bradwell v. Illinois.</i>
- 910
- 00:54:09,235 --> 00:54:11,770
- "The destiny of woman
- is the benign offices
- 911
- 00:54:11,772 --> 00:54:13,739
- "of wife and mother.
- 912
- 00:54:13,741 --> 00:54:15,741
- This is the law
- of the Creator."
- 913
- 00:54:15,743 --> 00:54:17,643
- I'm writing this brief
- 914
- 00:54:17,645 --> 00:54:21,112
- and citing the same cases
- with the exact same precedents
- 915
- 00:54:21,114 --> 00:54:23,047
- as-as everyone before us.
- 916
- 00:54:23,049 --> 00:54:25,484
- Marty, if this is
- what we go in with,
- 917
- 00:54:25,486 --> 00:54:27,085
- we're gonna lose.
- 918
- 00:54:29,089 --> 00:54:31,089
- Wait, wait, wait, wait.
- Wait, wait, wait.
- 919
- 00:54:31,091 --> 00:54:33,091
- I got it. I got it.
- 920
- 00:54:33,093 --> 00:54:36,330
- At least she's not listening
- to The Monkees.
- 921
- 00:54:39,768 --> 00:54:41,801
- I'm busy.
- 922
- 00:55:01,223 --> 00:55:03,323
- Come here.
- 923
- 00:55:03,325 --> 00:55:05,193
- Come here.
- 924
- 00:55:13,302 --> 00:55:15,402
- I'm fine.
- 925
- 00:55:16,672 --> 00:55:19,807
- I can be as tough as she is.
- 926
- 00:55:19,809 --> 00:55:21,843
- She's a bully.
- 927
- 00:55:21,845 --> 00:55:26,148
- And she needs everyone
- to know how smart she is.
- 928
- 00:55:27,651 --> 00:55:30,552
- Do you want Mom
- to stop being smart?
- 929
- 00:55:30,554 --> 00:55:33,622
- I want her to stop rubbing it
- in everyone's face
- 930
- 00:55:33,624 --> 00:55:35,292
- all the time.
- 931
- 00:55:41,298 --> 00:55:46,301
- Grandma Celia died
- when Mom was about your age.
- 932
- 00:55:46,303 --> 00:55:48,871
- But up until her dying breath,
- 933
- 00:55:48,873 --> 00:55:51,373
- they would read together,
- 934
- 00:55:51,375 --> 00:55:54,510
- debate ideas together...
- 935
- 00:55:54,512 --> 00:55:59,114
- and she taught your mom
- to question everything.
- 936
- 00:55:59,116 --> 00:56:02,218
- She's not trying
- to bully you, Jane.
- 937
- 00:56:02,220 --> 00:56:05,888
- She just doesn't want you
- to feel small.
- 938
- 00:56:05,890 --> 00:56:11,095
- She wants to give you
- what her mom taught her.
- 939
- 00:56:12,397 --> 00:56:15,298
- That's how she...
- 940
- 00:56:15,300 --> 00:56:18,200
- shows her heart.
- 941
- 00:56:18,202 --> 00:56:19,304
- Hmm?
- 942
- 00:56:38,424 --> 00:56:40,792
- Is she okay?
- 943
- 00:56:40,794 --> 00:56:43,095
- She'll be fine.
- 944
- 00:56:52,372 --> 00:56:54,238
- This is stupid.
- 945
- 00:56:54,240 --> 00:56:56,407
- You're the one who said
- I'm supposed to be in school.
- 946
- 00:56:56,409 --> 00:56:59,177
- If you're gonna write
- about great American lawyers,
- 947
- 00:56:59,179 --> 00:57:01,281
- you may as well meet one.
- 948
- 00:57:14,829 --> 00:57:16,530
- You ladies look lost.
- 949
- 00:57:18,900 --> 00:57:21,266
- Well, spit it out.
- 950
- 00:57:21,268 --> 00:57:23,335
- Miss Kenyon,
- w-we're here to see you.
- 951
- 00:57:23,337 --> 00:57:25,805
- I tried to make
- an appointment...
- 952
- 00:57:25,807 --> 00:57:28,273
- Well, here I am.
- I don't have all day.
- 953
- 00:57:28,275 --> 00:57:30,677
- It's about Gwendolyn Hoyt.
- 954
- 00:57:30,679 --> 00:57:33,680
- In that case,
- I have no interest in talking
- 955
- 00:57:33,682 --> 00:57:34,881
- to either one of you.
- 956
- 00:57:34,883 --> 00:57:36,683
- I'm-I'm arguing a case.
- 957
- 00:57:36,685 --> 00:57:39,552
- Sex discrimination violates
- the Equal Protection principle.
- 958
- 00:57:39,554 --> 00:57:42,990
- Equal Protection was coined
- to grant equality to the Negro,
- 959
- 00:57:42,992 --> 00:57:45,425
- a task at which
- it has dismally failed.
- 960
- 00:57:45,427 --> 00:57:47,594
- What makes you think women
- would fare any better?
- 961
- 00:57:47,596 --> 00:57:49,529
- Please, if we
- could just talk for...
- 962
- 00:57:49,531 --> 00:57:51,899
- You want to know
- how I blew it... is that it?
- 963
- 00:57:51,901 --> 00:57:53,467
- What I'd do differently?
- 964
- 00:57:53,469 --> 00:57:56,337
- Why? You think you
- can change the country?
- 965
- 00:57:56,339 --> 00:57:58,406
- You should look
- to her generation.
- 966
- 00:57:58,408 --> 00:58:00,675
- They're taking to the streets,
- demanding change,
- 967
- 00:58:00,677 --> 00:58:03,244
- like we did when we fought
- for the vote.
- 968
- 00:58:03,246 --> 00:58:05,413
- Our mistake
- was thinking we'd won.
- 969
- 00:58:05,415 --> 00:58:09,316
- We started asking, "please,"
- as if civil rights were sweets
- 970
- 00:58:09,318 --> 00:58:11,552
- to be handed out by judges.
- 971
- 00:58:11,554 --> 00:58:13,587
- Protests are important,
- but changing the culture
- 972
- 00:58:13,589 --> 00:58:16,357
- means nothing
- if the law doesn't change.
- 973
- 00:58:16,359 --> 00:58:18,394
- As a lawyer,
- you must believe that.
- 974
- 00:58:19,463 --> 00:58:21,430
- Let me guess.
- 975
- 00:58:21,432 --> 00:58:23,899
- You're a professor, aren't you?
- 976
- 00:58:23,901 --> 00:58:25,000
- Yeah.
- 977
- 00:58:25,002 --> 00:58:27,369
- Ton of knowledge and no smarts.
- 978
- 00:58:27,371 --> 00:58:30,639
- - Mom, we should go.
- - You want advice? Here it is.
- 979
- 00:58:30,641 --> 00:58:33,943
- Tell your client she won't find
- equality in a courtroom.
- 980
- 00:58:33,945 --> 00:58:36,445
- My client's name
- is Charles Moritz.
- 981
- 00:58:36,447 --> 00:58:37,579
- That's cute.
- 982
- 00:58:37,581 --> 00:58:41,684
- He hired a nurse to take care
- of his mother, but...
- 983
- 00:58:41,686 --> 00:58:45,354
- he was denied a caregiver
- deduction on his taxes.
- 984
- 00:58:45,356 --> 00:58:46,856
- He's never been married.
- 985
- 00:58:46,858 --> 00:58:51,596
- You found a bachelor taking
- care of his mother at home.
- 986
- 00:58:53,431 --> 00:58:55,999
- The judges will be
- repulsed by him.
- 987
- 00:58:56,001 --> 00:58:58,938
- Feeling anything is a start.
- 988
- 00:59:00,505 --> 00:59:02,906
- What did you say your name was?
- 989
- 00:59:02,908 --> 00:59:06,910
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
- 990
- 00:59:06,912 --> 00:59:08,412
- Well...
- 991
- 00:59:08,414 --> 00:59:10,581
- sorry, Professor Ginsburg.
- 992
- 00:59:10,583 --> 00:59:12,316
- Maybe someday.
- 993
- 00:59:12,318 --> 00:59:15,053
- But the country isn't ready.
- 994
- 00:59:15,055 --> 00:59:17,055
- Change minds first,
- 995
- 00:59:17,057 --> 00:59:19,389
- then change the law.
- 996
- 00:59:19,391 --> 00:59:21,391
- If you'll excuse me,
- the mayor's decided
- 997
- 00:59:21,393 --> 00:59:22,927
- to rename the neighborhood.
- 998
- 00:59:22,929 --> 00:59:26,363
- So now a developer is kicking
- 30 families out of the building
- 999
- 00:59:26,365 --> 00:59:28,900
- he abandoned ten years ago.
- 1000
- 00:59:28,902 --> 00:59:32,103
- SoHo. Who ever heard
- of such a ridiculous thing?
- 1001
- 00:59:33,573 --> 00:59:35,907
- I know she's
- your personal hero and all,
- 1002
- 00:59:35,909 --> 00:59:39,344
- - but she's kind of a bitch.
- - No, she's formidable.
- 1003
- 00:59:39,346 --> 00:59:41,513
- Dorothy Kenyon has been
- fighting for women's rights
- 1004
- 00:59:41,515 --> 00:59:44,649
- and civil rights and
- labor rights her entire career.
- 1005
- 00:59:44,651 --> 00:59:46,085
- She didn't always win,
- 1006
- 00:59:46,087 --> 00:59:49,088
- but she made damn sure
- she was taken seriously.
- 1007
- 00:59:49,090 --> 00:59:50,689
- She didn't help you.
- 1008
- 00:59:50,691 --> 00:59:52,691
- What are you gonna do now?
- 1009
- 00:59:52,693 --> 00:59:55,461
- It's the right cause,
- it's the right client, but...
- 1010
- 00:59:55,463 --> 00:59:58,764
- women have been losing the same
- argument for over a century.
- 1011
- 00:59:58,766 --> 01:00:00,132
- Well...
- 1012
- 01:00:00,134 --> 01:00:03,136
- just because you lost a hundred
- years before you started
- 1013
- 01:00:03,138 --> 01:00:05,706
- is no reason not to try to win.
- 1014
- 01:00:07,742 --> 01:00:10,576
- Jane, that was very wise.
- 1015
- 01:00:10,578 --> 01:00:13,314
- You know who said it first?
- 1016
- 01:00:14,616 --> 01:00:16,082
- Atticus Finch.
- 1017
- 01:00:21,023 --> 01:00:22,155
- Quick.
- 1018
- 01:00:23,959 --> 01:00:25,992
- Hey, looking good, ladies!
- 1019
- 01:00:25,994 --> 01:00:27,828
- Just ignore them.
- 1020
- 01:00:27,830 --> 01:00:30,664
- Hey, we'll keep you warm
- if you're getting wet.
- 1021
- 01:00:30,666 --> 01:00:32,599
- Oh, yeah? Real nice!
- 1022
- 01:00:32,601 --> 01:00:35,535
- Do you kiss your mother
- with that mouth, asshole?
- 1023
- 01:00:35,537 --> 01:00:36,871
- - Oh, whoa.
- - Whoa!
- 1024
- 01:00:36,873 --> 01:00:39,907
- Mom, you can't let boys
- talk to you like that.
- 1025
- 01:00:39,909 --> 01:00:41,611
- Taxi!
- 1026
- 01:00:46,683 --> 01:00:48,183
- Mom, come on.
- 1027
- 01:00:48,185 --> 01:00:50,185
- You're getting soaked.
- 1028
- 01:00:50,187 --> 01:00:52,420
- Look at you, Jane.
- 1029
- 01:00:52,422 --> 01:00:56,657
- You're a liberated,
- fearless young woman.
- 1030
- 01:00:56,659 --> 01:00:59,493
- 20 years ago, you couldn't
- have been who you are today.
- 1031
- 01:00:59,495 --> 01:01:03,131
- Dorothy Kenyon's wrong... the...
- the times have already changed.
- 1032
- 01:01:03,133 --> 01:01:05,000
- You coming or what?
- 1033
- 01:01:05,002 --> 01:01:06,704
- Yeah, yeah, we're coming.
- 1034
- 01:01:08,539 --> 01:01:09,905
- <i>It's what Professor Freund</i>
- 1035
- 01:01:09,907 --> 01:01:11,573
- <i>said at Harvard.</i>
- 1036
- 01:01:11,575 --> 01:01:14,610
- "A court ought not be affected
- by the weather of the day,
- 1037
- 01:01:14,612 --> 01:01:16,712
- but will be
- by the climate of the era."
- 1038
- 01:01:16,714 --> 01:01:19,182
- Okay, so we're not going back
- and refighting old cases?
- 1039
- 01:01:19,184 --> 01:01:21,217
- No, we're arguing
- that the precedents
- 1040
- 01:01:21,219 --> 01:01:23,652
- - should no longer apply.
- - Right. But, Ruth,
- 1041
- 01:01:23,654 --> 01:01:25,788
- Freund was talking about <i>Brown</i>
- <i>v. the Board of Education.</i>
- 1042
- 01:01:25,790 --> 01:01:27,557
- That's a
- once-in-a-generation case.
- 1043
- 01:01:27,559 --> 01:01:29,692
- Yeah, and we're
- the next generation.
- 1044
- 01:01:39,238 --> 01:01:41,939
- "Equal Protection applies
- "to all persons.
- 1045
- 01:01:41,941 --> 01:01:45,109
- A class in which men and women
- share full membership."
- 1046
- 01:01:45,111 --> 01:01:46,810
- "A divorced man counts the same
- 1047
- 01:01:46,812 --> 01:01:48,746
- - as a widower."
- - You're saying that this guy
- 1048
- 01:01:48,748 --> 01:01:51,215
- could have married his nurse,
- got divorced the next day,
- 1049
- 01:01:51,217 --> 01:01:53,217
- and then he'd be eligible
- for the tax deduction?
- 1050
- 01:01:53,219 --> 01:01:54,985
- That's totally nuts.
- 1051
- 01:01:54,987 --> 01:01:56,654
- All right, our client is a man.
- 1052
- 01:01:56,656 --> 01:01:58,055
- We cannot lose sight of that,
- 1053
- 01:01:58,057 --> 01:02:01,558
- because men are also harmed
- by this stereotype.
- 1054
- 01:02:01,560 --> 01:02:03,961
- That little boys are told
- they can't be nurses,
- 1055
- 01:02:03,963 --> 01:02:06,231
- they can't be teachers,
- they can't be secretaries.
- 1056
- 01:02:06,233 --> 01:02:08,099
- Or cook dinner
- for their families.
- 1057
- 01:02:08,101 --> 01:02:10,534
- Exactly.
- We're counting on you, too.
- 1058
- 01:02:10,536 --> 01:02:12,871
- ...wholly irrational
- distinction
- 1059
- 01:02:12,873 --> 01:02:16,574
- between single sons
- and daughters.
- 1060
- 01:02:16,576 --> 01:02:17,842
- <i>Any tax preparer may have
- an invalid parent...</i>
- 1061
- 01:02:17,844 --> 01:02:19,577
- <i>Any tax preparer
- may have an ailing parent,</i>
- 1062
- 01:02:19,579 --> 01:02:21,079
- - <i>even an unmarried man.</i>
- - <i>...unalterable</i>
- 1063
- 01:02:21,081 --> 01:02:23,715
- <i>biological traits
- of birth over which the...</i>
- 1064
- 01:02:23,717 --> 01:02:25,650
- <i>The principles
- of American democracy</i>
- 1065
- 01:02:25,652 --> 01:02:26,985
- <i>should apply
- to men and women equally.</i>
- 1066
- 01:02:26,987 --> 01:02:28,988
- <i>...arbitrary
- and equal treatment</i>
- 1067
- 01:02:28,990 --> 01:02:30,356
- <i>described by the Constitution.</i>
- 1068
- 01:02:30,358 --> 01:02:32,858
- <i>The law shouldn't
- reward or penalize taxpayers</i>
- 1069
- 01:02:32,860 --> 01:02:34,693
- <i>for their sex.</i>
- 1070
- 01:02:46,040 --> 01:02:48,074
- Section 214 draws a line
- 1071
- 01:02:48,076 --> 01:02:50,611
- solely on the basis of sex.
- 1072
- 01:03:03,659 --> 01:03:06,893
- Professor Ginsburg,
- I finished typing the brief.
- 1073
- 01:03:06,895 --> 01:03:09,898
- You're a saint, Millicent.
- 1074
- 01:03:11,301 --> 01:03:13,869
- May I make an observation?
- 1075
- 01:03:14,937 --> 01:03:16,170
- It's just...
- 1076
- 01:03:16,172 --> 01:03:17,939
- when I was typing it up,
- 1077
- 01:03:17,941 --> 01:03:20,942
- jumping out
- all over the brief was...
- 1078
- 01:03:20,944 --> 01:03:22,676
- well...
- 1079
- 01:03:22,678 --> 01:03:23,745
- sex.
- 1080
- 01:03:23,747 --> 01:03:27,215
- - Sex, sex, sex, sex, sex, sex, sex.
- - Oh.
- 1081
- 01:03:27,217 --> 01:03:29,684
- - Oh.
- - It reeks of hormones
- 1082
- 01:03:29,686 --> 01:03:31,285
- and back seats, and...
- 1083
- 01:03:31,287 --> 01:03:32,989
- you know how men are.
- 1084
- 01:03:34,325 --> 01:03:37,091
- Maybe you should try
- a less distracting word.
- 1085
- 01:03:37,093 --> 01:03:38,860
- Maybe...
- 1086
- 01:03:38,862 --> 01:03:40,530
- "gender."
- 1087
- 01:03:42,632 --> 01:03:44,933
- You realize that means...
- 1088
- 01:03:44,935 --> 01:03:46,235
- That's no problem.
- 1089
- 01:03:46,237 --> 01:03:48,270
- I'm happy to type it again.
- 1090
- 01:03:48,272 --> 01:03:50,039
- Thanks.
- 1091
- 01:03:50,041 --> 01:03:53,008
- <i>Guessing doesn't do us
- any good... I need to know</i>
- 1092
- 01:03:53,010 --> 01:03:55,144
- how many people were
- turned away from the polls.
- 1093
- 01:03:55,146 --> 01:03:58,013
- Yeah, the affiliate
- still hasn't sent the list.
- 1094
- 01:03:58,015 --> 01:03:59,681
- Well, then call Brian Tanner.
- 1095
- 01:03:59,683 --> 01:04:01,251
- Remind him that we're
- on the same team.
- 1096
- 01:04:01,253 --> 01:04:03,153
- Tell him if he doesn't start
- acting like it, I'm gonna fly
- 1097
- 01:04:03,155 --> 01:04:05,689
- to Wisconsin and personally
- rip his throat out myself.
- 1098
- 01:04:06,724 --> 01:04:07,857
- Melvin.
- 1099
- 01:04:07,859 --> 01:04:11,830
- Didn't your mother ever
- teach you to clean your room?
- 1100
- 01:04:12,998 --> 01:04:14,733
- Miss Kenyon.
- 1101
- 01:04:15,901 --> 01:04:18,234
- Time for your annual
- dusting-off already?
- 1102
- 01:04:20,072 --> 01:04:24,140
- In 1776, Abigail Adams
- wrote her husband a letter.
- 1103
- 01:04:24,142 --> 01:04:27,977
- "As you write this
- new constitution," she said,
- 1104
- 01:04:27,979 --> 01:04:29,813
- "remember the ladies."
- 1105
- 01:04:29,815 --> 01:04:32,149
- You know what that bastard
- went ahead and did?
- 1106
- 01:04:32,151 --> 01:04:33,718
- Well, I can guess.
- 1107
- 01:04:40,927 --> 01:04:42,660
- "Idaho Statesman."
- 1108
- 01:04:42,662 --> 01:04:44,128
- You need a hobby.
- 1109
- 01:04:44,130 --> 01:04:46,030
- These poor people.
- 1110
- 01:04:46,032 --> 01:04:49,134
- Sally and Cecil Reed, divorced.
- 1111
- 01:04:49,136 --> 01:04:50,901
- Their son committed suicide.
- 1112
- 01:04:50,903 --> 01:04:53,939
- Both parents want
- to administer his estate.
- 1113
- 01:04:53,941 --> 01:04:56,908
- In Idaho, the law says,
- in this situation,
- 1114
- 01:04:56,910 --> 01:04:59,144
- males must be preferred
- to females.
- 1115
- 01:04:59,146 --> 01:05:00,745
- Why?
- 1116
- 01:05:00,747 --> 01:05:03,748
- 'Cause men are better at math.
- 1117
- 01:05:03,750 --> 01:05:05,750
- And the Idaho Supreme Court
- 1118
- 01:05:05,752 --> 01:05:08,120
- just said
- that is perfectly legal.
- 1119
- 01:05:08,122 --> 01:05:10,155
- Dorothy...
- I've got student protestors
- 1120
- 01:05:10,157 --> 01:05:12,458
- in jail in California.
- I got schools in Mississippi
- 1121
- 01:05:12,460 --> 01:05:14,059
- that still refuse
- to desegregate. I...
- 1122
- 01:05:14,061 --> 01:05:16,362
- You're a sissy.
- The Board threatened to can you
- 1123
- 01:05:16,364 --> 01:05:18,164
- because you stood up
- for draft dodgers,
- 1124
- 01:05:18,166 --> 01:05:20,967
- and you've had your tail
- between your legs ever since.
- 1125
- 01:05:20,969 --> 01:05:22,468
- That-that-that is not...
- 1126
- 01:05:22,470 --> 01:05:25,138
- We don't have the resources
- to take this on.
- 1127
- 01:05:25,140 --> 01:05:27,940
- I've seen you stand up
- to the might of government
- 1128
- 01:05:27,942 --> 01:05:31,177
- with sling and stone
- for what you know to be right.
- 1129
- 01:05:31,179 --> 01:05:33,045
- And, kid, I loved you for it.
- 1130
- 01:05:33,047 --> 01:05:34,947
- They're not
- gonna fire you, Mel.
- 1131
- 01:05:34,949 --> 01:05:36,949
- The Board's a bunch
- of tired old fools.
- 1132
- 01:05:36,951 --> 01:05:38,985
- They don't have the nerve
- to do it.
- 1133
- 01:05:38,987 --> 01:05:42,057
- I should know.
- I'm one of 'em.
- 1134
- 01:05:46,128 --> 01:05:48,495
- John Adams forgot the ladies.
- 1135
- 01:05:48,497 --> 01:05:52,434
- And it's time the ACLU
- got back in the fight.
- 1136
- 01:05:55,237 --> 01:05:57,305
- - Okay.
- - Good.
- 1137
- 01:05:57,307 --> 01:05:59,440
- Now, here's where you start.
- 1138
- 01:05:59,442 --> 01:06:01,209
- It's a case headed
- to the Tenth Circuit.
- 1139
- 01:06:01,211 --> 01:06:02,743
- It's a professor
- out of Rutgers.
- 1140
- 01:06:02,745 --> 01:06:04,813
- Smart cookie.
- 1141
- 01:06:07,150 --> 01:06:09,450
- Ruth.
- 1142
- 01:06:09,452 --> 01:06:11,886
- But nowhere does
- the Constitution say
- 1143
- 01:06:11,888 --> 01:06:15,523
- the federal government
- must treat people equally.
- 1144
- 01:06:15,525 --> 01:06:19,327
- What did the court say
- about that, Mrs. Parker?
- 1145
- 01:06:19,329 --> 01:06:22,797
- That the Due Process Clause
- implies that equal protection
- 1146
- 01:06:22,799 --> 01:06:25,301
- applies to the federal
- government as well.
- 1147
- 01:06:25,303 --> 01:06:26,535
- Can you cite the case?
- 1148
- 01:06:26,537 --> 01:06:29,405
- <i>Bolling v. Sharpe.</i>
- 1149
- 01:06:29,407 --> 01:06:30,838
- 347 U.S. 497.
- 1150
- 01:06:30,840 --> 01:06:32,341
- Uh, decided in conjunction
- 1151
- 01:06:32,343 --> 01:06:35,377
- with <i>Brown v. Board</i>
- <i>of Education,</i> 1954.
- 1152
- 01:06:35,379 --> 01:06:36,845
- Bolling desegregated
- 1153
- 01:06:36,847 --> 01:06:39,014
- all Washington D.C.'s
- public schools.
- 1154
- 01:06:39,016 --> 01:06:41,852
- Chief Justice Warren,
- writing for the court.
- 1155
- 01:06:42,987 --> 01:06:46,121
- How about it, teach?
- Do I get an "A"?
- 1156
- 01:06:48,859 --> 01:06:50,527
- Well played,
- sending that newspaper
- 1157
- 01:06:50,529 --> 01:06:52,431
- and the brief to Kenyon.
- 1158
- 01:06:53,498 --> 01:06:55,966
- I thought
- she might have advice.
- 1159
- 01:06:55,968 --> 01:06:58,535
- Cut the shit.
- Don't ever do that to me again.
- 1160
- 01:06:58,537 --> 01:07:01,271
- What do you think of the brief?
- 1161
- 01:07:01,273 --> 01:07:03,273
- It's a compelling argument.
- 1162
- 01:07:03,275 --> 01:07:04,874
- Brilliantly reasoned.
- 1163
- 01:07:04,876 --> 01:07:07,143
- More women than ever
- are working now. And why not?
- 1164
- 01:07:07,145 --> 01:07:09,413
- We have preschools,
- we have washing machines,
- 1165
- 01:07:09,415 --> 01:07:10,914
- cheap contraceptives...
- 1166
- 01:07:10,916 --> 01:07:12,483
- Yeah, times have changed.
- 1167
- 01:07:12,485 --> 01:07:14,452
- There's a glaring
- problem, though.
- 1168
- 01:07:14,454 --> 01:07:17,555
- In the unlikely event that
- you actually win this thing,
- 1169
- 01:07:17,557 --> 01:07:19,257
- what's the remedy?
- 1170
- 01:07:19,259 --> 01:07:20,558
- The court takes away
- 1171
- 01:07:20,560 --> 01:07:22,460
- the caregiver deduction
- for everybody,
- 1172
- 01:07:22,462 --> 01:07:24,061
- including working mothers.
- 1173
- 01:07:24,063 --> 01:07:26,063
- - Then you've done more harm than good.
- - No.
- 1174
- 01:07:26,065 --> 01:07:27,965
- Do you remember
- Justice Harlan's opinion
- 1175
- 01:07:27,967 --> 01:07:31,068
- last June
- in <i>Welsh v. United States?</i>
- 1176
- 01:07:31,070 --> 01:07:32,937
- Yeah.
- 1177
- 01:07:32,939 --> 01:07:35,440
- He said laws could be extended
- when doing so would be closer
- 1178
- 01:07:35,442 --> 01:07:37,376
- to the legislature's intent
- than overturning would be.
- 1179
- 01:07:37,378 --> 01:07:39,944
- Yeah, we're adding
- one more section to the brief.
- 1180
- 01:07:39,946 --> 01:07:42,981
- Urging the court
- to extend the law
- 1181
- 01:07:42,983 --> 01:07:45,886
- to include Charlie
- as well as everyone else.
- 1182
- 01:07:48,188 --> 01:07:50,088
- All right.
- 1183
- 01:07:50,090 --> 01:07:53,794
- The ACLU is prepared to put
- their name on your brief.
- 1184
- 01:07:55,062 --> 01:07:56,596
- - We appreciate your support.
- - Stop.
- 1185
- 01:07:56,598 --> 01:07:59,265
- I still say I'd rather be
- a woman in this country
- 1186
- 01:07:59,267 --> 01:08:00,999
- than a black man or a...
- 1187
- 01:08:01,001 --> 01:08:04,304
- socialist
- or a religious minority.
- 1188
- 01:08:04,306 --> 01:08:07,507
- Now, let's talk about
- you taking on <i>Reed v. Reed.</i>
- 1189
- 01:08:07,509 --> 01:08:09,509
- - Oh. Stop. No.
- - Well...
- 1190
- 01:08:09,511 --> 01:08:12,345
- all men in Idaho
- are better at math?
- 1191
- 01:08:12,347 --> 01:08:15,014
- Ruth, I gave you one case.
- That's all you get.
- 1192
- 01:08:15,016 --> 01:08:18,084
- The Moritz argument works just
- as well for a female client.
- 1193
- 01:08:18,086 --> 01:08:21,522
- And Reed's
- a state supreme court case,
- 1194
- 01:08:21,524 --> 01:08:23,557
- which means
- the U.S. Supreme Court
- 1195
- 01:08:23,559 --> 01:08:25,225
- - must hear the appeal.
- - I-I told you,
- 1196
- 01:08:25,227 --> 01:08:27,028
- I don't want
- another 50-year battle.
- 1197
- 01:08:28,097 --> 01:08:30,230
- Call Sally Reed's lawyer, Mel.
- 1198
- 01:08:30,232 --> 01:08:32,633
- If I were you, I would worry
- about my own case.
- 1199
- 01:08:32,635 --> 01:08:34,501
- And I expect to see
- your remedy arguments
- 1200
- 01:08:34,503 --> 01:08:36,136
- before they go
- to the Tenth Circuit.
- 1201
- 01:08:36,138 --> 01:08:38,172
- And I want to be there
- when you practice
- 1202
- 01:08:38,174 --> 01:08:39,373
- your oral arguments.
- 1203
- 01:08:39,375 --> 01:08:41,310
- We're doing a moot court.
- 1204
- 01:08:42,378 --> 01:08:43,445
- No.
- 1205
- 01:08:43,447 --> 01:08:46,113
- It's not negotiable.
- 1206
- 01:08:46,115 --> 01:08:47,147
- When?
- 1207
- 01:08:47,149 --> 01:08:51,119
- Soon as we get the
- government's response brief.
- 1208
- 01:08:51,121 --> 01:08:54,956
- <i>Where did these people
- go to law school?</i>
- 1209
- 01:08:54,958 --> 01:08:56,991
- You can't make
- a constitutional challenge
- 1210
- 01:08:56,993 --> 01:08:58,693
- to the tax laws, can you?
- 1211
- 01:08:58,695 --> 01:09:00,462
- And who's ever heard
- of gender discrimination?
- 1212
- 01:09:00,464 --> 01:09:02,030
- It's a stretch.
- 1213
- 01:09:02,032 --> 01:09:04,232
- These folks are running at hell
- with a bucket of water.
- 1214
- 01:09:04,234 --> 01:09:06,101
- Case law is filled
- with challenges
- 1215
- 01:09:06,103 --> 01:09:09,705
- that could not be made...
- till they were.
- 1216
- 01:09:09,707 --> 01:09:12,441
- I'm putting Murphy
- on writing our response brief.
- 1217
- 01:09:12,443 --> 01:09:15,444
- - With due respect, Mr. Brown...
- - Not personal, Bozarth.
- 1218
- 01:09:15,446 --> 01:09:18,547
- But if we're not careful,
- this appeal could cast a...
- 1219
- 01:09:18,549 --> 01:09:21,684
- cloud of unconstitutionality
- over every federal law
- 1220
- 01:09:21,686 --> 01:09:24,019
- that differentiates
- between men and women.
- 1221
- 01:09:24,021 --> 01:09:28,290
- I need someone
- more seasoned on this.
- 1222
- 01:09:28,292 --> 01:09:31,193
- Could you get me
- the solicitor general, please?
- 1223
- 01:09:31,195 --> 01:09:33,597
- I pulled the file.
- I deserve the chance.
- 1224
- 01:09:33,599 --> 01:09:35,265
- Murphy's a weak sister.
- 1225
- 01:09:35,267 --> 01:09:37,667
- I know how to win
- this case, sir.
- 1226
- 01:09:37,669 --> 01:09:40,305
- Better than Murphy.
- Better than anyone.
- 1227
- 01:09:41,407 --> 01:09:43,573
- You need me on this appeal.
- 1228
- 01:09:43,575 --> 01:09:46,009
- This is Brown.
- 1229
- 01:09:46,011 --> 01:09:48,180
- I need to see him.
- 1230
- 01:09:50,683 --> 01:09:52,449
- Okay.
- 1231
- 01:09:52,451 --> 01:09:54,317
- Tell me.
- 1232
- 01:09:54,319 --> 01:09:56,319
- Gender equality
- as a civil right?
- 1233
- 01:09:56,321 --> 01:09:58,723
- When everyone's aggrieved
- and everyone's a victim.
- 1234
- 01:09:58,725 --> 01:10:01,325
- It's what the ACLU does:
- divide the country
- 1235
- 01:10:01,327 --> 01:10:04,328
- into smaller and smaller
- subgroups.
- 1236
- 01:10:04,330 --> 01:10:07,064
- - Ginsburg. Cancer, right?
- - Mm-hmm.
- 1237
- 01:10:07,066 --> 01:10:10,336
- - And the wife, very demanding.
- - But smart.
- 1238
- 01:10:11,471 --> 01:10:13,104
- Ten years.
- 1239
- 01:10:13,106 --> 01:10:17,308
- Ten years I fought to enroll
- women at Harvard Law.
- 1240
- 01:10:17,310 --> 01:10:20,612
- The faculty, the university,
- my wife warned me against it.
- 1241
- 01:10:20,614 --> 01:10:24,483
- Now I'm solicitor general,
- it comes back to haunt me.
- 1242
- 01:10:24,485 --> 01:10:27,252
- Erwin, we could settle.
- 1243
- 01:10:27,254 --> 01:10:29,455
- Martin Ginsburg was
- one of my best students,
- 1244
- 01:10:29,457 --> 01:10:32,357
- a practical young man...
- we can call him, tell him
- 1245
- 01:10:32,359 --> 01:10:35,427
- we'll give the man his money
- and go our separate ways.
- 1246
- 01:10:35,429 --> 01:10:37,029
- No. No.
- 1247
- 01:10:37,031 --> 01:10:39,465
- We settle now,
- it's open season.
- 1248
- 01:10:39,467 --> 01:10:42,502
- Let's put this idea
- of gender discrimination to bed
- 1249
- 01:10:42,504 --> 01:10:44,102
- once and for all.
- 1250
- 01:10:44,104 --> 01:10:46,372
- They handed us a winnable case.
- 1251
- 01:10:46,374 --> 01:10:48,575
- Then we'll win it.
- 1252
- 01:10:48,577 --> 01:10:50,777
- You think he's up to it?
- 1253
- 01:10:50,779 --> 01:10:53,313
- Oh, Mr. Bozarth
- is a fine litigator.
- 1254
- 01:10:53,315 --> 01:10:55,114
- Tell him your idea.
- 1255
- 01:10:55,116 --> 01:10:57,183
- We list the laws.
- 1256
- 01:10:57,185 --> 01:10:58,551
- What laws?
- 1257
- 01:10:58,553 --> 01:11:01,187
- All of them.
- 1258
- 01:11:01,189 --> 01:11:03,189
- Every federal law that treats
- men and women differently.
- 1259
- 01:11:03,191 --> 01:11:05,593
- We show the court exactly
- what kind of can of worms
- 1260
- 01:11:05,595 --> 01:11:06,794
- these folks are trying to open.
- 1261
- 01:11:06,796 --> 01:11:09,663
- But, son,
- the last anyone checked,
- 1262
- 01:11:09,665 --> 01:11:12,700
- the U.S. Code
- was 20,000 pages long.
- 1263
- 01:11:12,702 --> 01:11:14,535
- Who's going to read it? You?
- 1264
- 01:11:14,537 --> 01:11:16,704
- I can get it done, sir.
- 1265
- 01:11:16,706 --> 01:11:18,672
- I just need an introduction.
- 1266
- 01:11:18,674 --> 01:11:20,674
- To whom?
- 1267
- 01:11:20,676 --> 01:11:22,478
- The Secretary of Defense.
- 1268
- 01:11:45,435 --> 01:11:48,671
- These computers will
- find what we're looking for?
- 1269
- 01:11:48,673 --> 01:11:49,839
- Yes, sir.
- 1270
- 01:11:49,841 --> 01:11:51,373
- In just a few days.
- 1271
- 01:11:51,375 --> 01:11:53,576
- Without any human beings
- 1272
- 01:11:53,578 --> 01:11:55,178
- actually reading the laws.
- 1273
- 01:11:58,583 --> 01:12:01,584
- What a horrifying age.
- 1274
- 01:12:04,389 --> 01:12:05,855
- Ruth Bader Ginsburg?
- 1275
- 01:12:05,857 --> 01:12:08,190
- Delivery from
- the Department of Justice.
- 1276
- 01:12:08,192 --> 01:12:09,893
- Oh.
- 1277
- 01:12:09,895 --> 01:12:12,328
- Can someone pass me
- Title XXXIII?
- 1278
- 01:12:12,330 --> 01:12:14,898
- Get this. There's a law
- that we're not allowed
- 1279
- 01:12:14,900 --> 01:12:17,801
- to fly military cargo planes.
- 1280
- 01:12:17,803 --> 01:12:19,803
- It says here
- that we're not allowed
- 1281
- 01:12:19,805 --> 01:12:22,306
- - to work in mines.
- - Why would you want to?
- 1282
- 01:12:22,308 --> 01:12:24,675
- Well, that's not the point.
- We should be allowed.
- 1283
- 01:12:24,677 --> 01:12:27,177
- You really think you
- can change all those laws?
- 1284
- 01:12:27,179 --> 01:12:29,179
- - Kiki?
- - That's the plan.
- 1285
- 01:12:29,181 --> 01:12:30,681
- Curtain's up in 45 minutes.
- 1286
- 01:12:30,683 --> 01:12:32,215
- Might be a novel experience
- 1287
- 01:12:32,217 --> 01:12:34,217
- to get there before it starts
- for a change.
- 1288
- 01:12:34,219 --> 01:12:37,922
- Please tell me
- that you are... dressed.
- 1289
- 01:12:37,924 --> 01:12:39,924
- Hi. What are you doing?
- 1290
- 01:12:39,926 --> 01:12:42,627
- Government's brief came.
- 1291
- 01:12:42,629 --> 01:12:45,765
- And look who else is on it.
- 1292
- 01:12:48,368 --> 01:12:51,936
- I knew Griswold was trying
- to get Brown over to the DOJ.
- 1293
- 01:12:51,938 --> 01:12:53,771
- Looks like that worked.
- 1294
- 01:12:53,773 --> 01:12:56,374
- - How's it look?
- - Check out Appendix E.
- 1295
- 01:12:56,376 --> 01:12:58,610
- It's every federal law
- 1296
- 01:12:58,612 --> 01:13:00,445
- that discriminates
- on the basis of sex.
- 1297
- 01:13:00,447 --> 01:13:03,516
- We're looking them all up.
- There must be hundreds.
- 1298
- 01:13:05,352 --> 01:13:09,388
- - Good God.
- - Hmm.
- 1299
- 01:13:09,390 --> 01:13:12,191
- Well, you're convinced
- Daugherty will see it our way.
- 1300
- 01:13:12,193 --> 01:13:15,494
- Well, based on reading
- all of his opinions, yes.
- 1301
- 01:13:15,496 --> 01:13:18,263
- And so will Holloway.
- 1302
- 01:13:18,265 --> 01:13:20,532
- But the final judge...
- 1303
- 01:13:20,534 --> 01:13:22,267
- Doyle...
- 1304
- 01:13:22,269 --> 01:13:24,570
- well, he's going to be
- a tougher nut to crack.
- 1305
- 01:13:24,572 --> 01:13:27,807
- - That's unacceptable.
- - We need a unanimous decision
- 1306
- 01:13:27,809 --> 01:13:29,341
- out of the Tenth Circuit,
- James.
- 1307
- 01:13:29,343 --> 01:13:32,211
- We don't want so-called
- gender discrimination
- 1308
- 01:13:32,213 --> 01:13:33,947
- finding its way
- to the Supreme Court.
- 1309
- 01:13:33,949 --> 01:13:35,415
- Yes, sir, I understand that.
- 1310
- 01:13:35,417 --> 01:13:37,250
- What-what makes this judge
- so difficult?
- 1311
- 01:13:37,252 --> 01:13:39,786
- Well, ma'am,
- he's a civil rights crusader.
- 1312
- 01:13:39,788 --> 01:13:41,521
- Two years ago,
- he ordered Denver
- 1313
- 01:13:41,523 --> 01:13:44,959
- to start busing black students
- to white schools.
- 1314
- 01:13:44,961 --> 01:13:47,293
- There were protests, arson,
- 1315
- 01:13:47,295 --> 01:13:48,696
- demands for him
- to quit the bench.
- 1316
- 01:13:48,698 --> 01:13:51,331
- But even after someone threw
- a bomb at his house,
- 1317
- 01:13:51,333 --> 01:13:52,967
- Doyle wouldn't budge.
- 1318
- 01:13:52,969 --> 01:13:55,536
- In that case,
- he was enforcing the law.
- 1319
- 01:13:55,538 --> 01:13:58,439
- The Ginsburgs
- are asking him to make law.
- 1320
- 01:13:58,441 --> 01:14:00,574
- We need to drive home
- the difference.
- 1321
- 01:14:00,576 --> 01:14:04,779
- Paint the judges a picture
- of the America that will exist
- 1322
- 01:14:04,781 --> 01:14:06,614
- if they rule the wrong way.
- 1323
- 01:14:06,616 --> 01:14:10,986
- Children running home from
- school to find no one's there.
- 1324
- 01:14:10,988 --> 01:14:13,989
- Mommy's at the office
- or on a factory floor.
- 1325
- 01:14:13,991 --> 01:14:16,591
- Man and woman vie
- for the same job,
- 1326
- 01:14:16,593 --> 01:14:18,292
- she can work for less.
- 1327
- 01:14:18,294 --> 01:14:20,294
- What is a man
- without a paycheck
- 1328
- 01:14:20,296 --> 01:14:22,297
- to take care of his family?
- 1329
- 01:14:22,299 --> 01:14:24,332
- What woman would want him?
- 1330
- 01:14:24,334 --> 01:14:25,634
- Wages would go down.
- 1331
- 01:14:25,636 --> 01:14:27,335
- Divorce rates would soar.
- 1332
- 01:14:27,337 --> 01:14:30,405
- The very fabric of our society
- would begin to unravel.
- 1333
- 01:14:30,407 --> 01:14:32,407
- Exactly. The other side
- wants this to be
- 1334
- 01:14:32,409 --> 01:14:34,777
- about the Equal Protection
- principle.
- 1335
- 01:14:34,779 --> 01:14:36,578
- The judges are deciding
- 1336
- 01:14:36,580 --> 01:14:38,748
- what kind of country,
- what kind of society
- 1337
- 01:14:38,750 --> 01:14:41,450
- they want their children and
- grandchildren to grow up in.
- 1338
- 01:14:41,452 --> 01:14:44,420
- You make sure the court sees
- 1339
- 01:14:44,422 --> 01:14:48,691
- what's at stake
- is the American family.
- 1340
- 01:14:48,693 --> 01:14:50,359
- Whoa!
- 1341
- 01:14:50,361 --> 01:14:52,662
- Cool!
- 1342
- 01:14:54,532 --> 01:14:55,531
- Uh, Mom?
- 1343
- 01:14:55,533 --> 01:14:58,334
- - Can I be on the jury?
- - No, there is no jury
- 1344
- 01:14:58,336 --> 01:15:01,370
- in federal appeals court,
- no witnesses, no evidence.
- 1345
- 01:15:01,372 --> 01:15:03,475
- Just you and the judges.
- 1346
- 01:15:04,543 --> 01:15:05,809
- - Gerry!
- - Hello.
- 1347
- 01:15:05,811 --> 01:15:07,544
- - Hello.
- - How are you?
- 1348
- 01:15:07,546 --> 01:15:09,546
- - You remember Jane.
- - Hi.
- 1349
- 01:15:09,548 --> 01:15:12,850
- Jane, my old professor,
- Gerald Gunther.
- 1350
- 01:15:12,852 --> 01:15:14,885
- Come on in.
- 1351
- 01:15:14,887 --> 01:15:17,023
- Look at you. All grown up.
- 1352
- 01:15:19,059 --> 01:15:21,558
- - Hello, James.
- - Hi.
- 1353
- 01:15:21,560 --> 01:15:23,393
- - What do you think of our courtroom?
- - Huh.
- 1354
- 01:15:23,395 --> 01:15:26,798
- Well, all that's missing
- is Justice holding her scales.
- 1355
- 01:15:26,800 --> 01:15:30,502
- So, who did Mel find
- to be the third judge?
- 1356
- 01:15:30,504 --> 01:15:33,705
- - Pauli Murray.
- - So he's not making it easy for you, huh?
- 1357
- 01:15:33,707 --> 01:15:36,007
- - Who's Pauli Murray?
- - Thurgood Marshall himself
- 1358
- 01:15:36,009 --> 01:15:37,509
- called Pauli's writings
- 1359
- 01:15:37,511 --> 01:15:39,511
- the "Bible of
- the civil rights movement."
- 1360
- 01:15:39,513 --> 01:15:41,913
- Gerry.
- I come bearing your gavel.
- 1361
- 01:15:45,920 --> 01:15:49,722
- Counsel for
- the appellant, you may proceed.
- 1362
- 01:15:49,724 --> 01:15:52,423
- Again.
- 1363
- 01:15:52,425 --> 01:15:55,360
- Your Honors,
- and may it please the court.
- 1364
- 01:15:55,362 --> 01:15:57,563
- Section 214 of the tax code
- 1365
- 01:15:57,565 --> 01:16:01,567
- covers employed single women
- who care for their dependents,
- 1366
- 01:16:01,569 --> 01:16:03,569
- but excludes Charles Moritz,
- 1367
- 01:16:03,571 --> 01:16:06,438
- a-a bachelor,
- providing the same care.
- 1368
- 01:16:06,440 --> 01:16:09,508
- My wife stays home
- to raise our children.
- 1369
- 01:16:09,510 --> 01:16:11,510
- Are you saying she's oppressed?
- 1370
- 01:16:11,512 --> 01:16:14,413
- - No, Judge, but as a man, you may not...
- - No, no, no.
- 1371
- 01:16:14,415 --> 01:16:16,583
- Stop, stop. Stop.
- Never make it about the judge.
- 1372
- 01:16:16,585 --> 01:16:19,452
- You don't think
- the judge knows he's a man?
- 1373
- 01:16:19,454 --> 01:16:20,687
- No, I don't want her to put him
- on the defensive
- 1374
- 01:16:20,689 --> 01:16:22,889
- - about it, though.
- - In <i>Brown,</i> we put it out there
- 1375
- 01:16:22,891 --> 01:16:24,724
- without apology: this is wrong.
- 1376
- 01:16:24,726 --> 01:16:27,561
- Yeah, no offense,
- but Ruth doesn't exactly have
- 1377
- 01:16:27,563 --> 01:16:29,696
- Thurgood Marshall's, uh...
- 1378
- 01:16:29,698 --> 01:16:31,565
- Balls?
- 1379
- 01:16:31,567 --> 01:16:34,634
- - Gravitas.
- - Should I... should I start again?
- 1380
- 01:16:34,636 --> 01:16:36,503
- Unless you think
- you won the case already.
- 1381
- 01:16:36,505 --> 01:16:39,406
- Whenever you're ready.
- 1382
- 01:16:39,408 --> 01:16:40,908
- Uh, Your Honors,
- and may it please the court.
- 1383
- 01:16:40,910 --> 01:16:42,476
- Section 214 of the tax code
- 1384
- 01:16:42,478 --> 01:16:43,911
- covers employed single women
- 1385
- 01:16:43,913 --> 01:16:45,613
- who care for their dependents,
- 1386
- 01:16:45,615 --> 01:16:47,615
- but excludes Charles Moritz,
- 1387
- 01:16:47,617 --> 01:16:49,750
- a bachelor,
- providing the same care.
- 1388
- 01:16:49,752 --> 01:16:52,587
- There is no rational basis,
- because this...
- 1389
- 01:16:52,589 --> 01:16:54,488
- Wh-Why is it not rational?
- 1390
- 01:16:54,490 --> 01:16:56,557
- Men go out; women stay home.
- 1391
- 01:16:56,559 --> 01:16:58,994
- It's been the way of things
- for thousands of years.
- 1392
- 01:16:58,996 --> 01:17:02,097
- H-Historical justification
- was also used to legitimize
- 1393
- 01:17:02,099 --> 01:17:04,432
- the separation of the races.
- 1394
- 01:17:04,434 --> 01:17:06,468
- - Now, classification...
- - Are you saying
- 1395
- 01:17:06,470 --> 01:17:08,604
- race and gender are the same?
- 1396
- 01:17:10,174 --> 01:17:11,840
- W-Well...
- 1397
- 01:17:11,842 --> 01:17:13,475
- both are...
- 1398
- 01:17:13,477 --> 01:17:15,777
- unalterable biological traits.
- 1399
- 01:17:15,779 --> 01:17:18,480
- This nation struggles
- to give blacks
- 1400
- 01:17:18,482 --> 01:17:20,449
- fair representation
- throughout society.
- 1401
- 01:17:20,451 --> 01:17:22,484
- - Can you pass that?
- - And you're saying that,
- 1402
- 01:17:22,486 --> 01:17:24,653
- if we decide
- in your client's favor,
- 1403
- 01:17:24,655 --> 01:17:27,590
- we're committing ourselves
- to moving towards half
- 1404
- 01:17:27,592 --> 01:17:29,893
- of our, I don't know,
- firemen being women,
- 1405
- 01:17:29,895 --> 01:17:31,828
- half our nurses being men?
- 1406
- 01:17:31,830 --> 01:17:34,564
- But why shouldn't men
- be nurses? And if-if women want
- 1407
- 01:17:34,566 --> 01:17:36,032
- - to fight fires, then...
- - What about pilots?
- 1408
- 01:17:36,034 --> 01:17:38,801
- Yeah, again, if women choose
- to take on these roles...
- 1409
- 01:17:38,803 --> 01:17:40,037
- - Judges?
- - Why not?
- 1410
- 01:17:40,039 --> 01:17:41,638
- CEOs? Generals?
- 1411
- 01:17:41,640 --> 01:17:42,907
- What about garbagemen?
- You want to be a garbageman?
- 1412
- 01:17:42,909 --> 01:17:45,776
- Well, and if-if men want to be
- teachers or raise children...
- 1413
- 01:17:45,778 --> 01:17:48,078
- - Oh, come on.
- - Percentages aren't the point.
- 1414
- 01:17:48,080 --> 01:17:50,180
- - Wrong.
- - People should be able to pursue their passions.
- 1415
- 01:17:50,182 --> 01:17:51,749
- Wrong, wrong.
- You're screwing it up, Ruth!
- 1416
- 01:17:51,751 --> 01:17:53,617
- Have you...
- have you read the appendix
- 1417
- 01:17:53,619 --> 01:17:55,185
- - attached to their brief?
- - You're making the wrong case.
- 1418
- 01:17:55,187 --> 01:17:58,222
- These are laws written by men
- who think we are privileged
- 1419
- 01:17:58,224 --> 01:18:00,724
- to be excused
- from men's obligations.
- 1420
- 01:18:00,726 --> 01:18:02,893
- But it is not a privilege,
- it is a cage,
- 1421
- 01:18:02,895 --> 01:18:05,531
- and these laws are the bars!
- 1422
- 01:18:12,105 --> 01:18:13,905
- So, that's it?
- 1423
- 01:18:13,907 --> 01:18:17,177
- You're gonna take them all on
- at the same time?
- 1424
- 01:18:22,249 --> 01:18:24,149
- You asked the questions.
- 1425
- 01:18:24,151 --> 01:18:26,751
- Well, it doesn't mean you have
- to fucking answer them, Ruth.
- 1426
- 01:18:26,753 --> 01:18:29,088
- You're making
- the government's case for them.
- 1427
- 01:18:29,090 --> 01:18:32,724
- Look, you either make this case
- about one man, or you lose.
- 1428
- 01:18:32,726 --> 01:18:34,260
- 'Cause to the judges,
- you're not talking
- 1429
- 01:18:34,262 --> 01:18:35,761
- about women in the abstract.
- 1430
- 01:18:35,763 --> 01:18:37,763
- You're talking
- about their wives,
- 1431
- 01:18:37,765 --> 01:18:40,866
- at home, you know,
- baking briskets.
- 1432
- 01:18:40,868 --> 01:18:42,737
- You braise a brisket.
- You don't bake it.
- 1433
- 01:18:43,805 --> 01:18:46,138
- - Perhaps that's enough, Mel.
- - No.
- 1434
- 01:18:46,140 --> 01:18:48,476
- I don't think it is, Gerry.
- 1435
- 01:18:49,877 --> 01:18:52,945
- Look, when you were a kid,
- you were pretty
- 1436
- 01:18:52,947 --> 01:18:55,182
- and you were smart as a whip,
- but you're coming across
- 1437
- 01:18:55,184 --> 01:18:57,951
- as this bitter, unlikable shrew
- that I don't even recognize.
- 1438
- 01:18:57,953 --> 01:19:01,121
- And if that's who shows up
- in Denver, you will blow it.
- 1439
- 01:19:01,123 --> 01:19:03,759
- And would it kill you to smile?
- 1440
- 01:19:04,727 --> 01:19:07,160
- That's your advice? Just...
- 1441
- 01:19:07,162 --> 01:19:10,630
- ignore the judges and smile?
- 1442
- 01:19:10,632 --> 01:19:13,569
- Pâté is the best
- I've ever tasted.
- 1443
- 01:19:16,339 --> 01:19:18,039
- You could evade.
- 1444
- 01:19:18,041 --> 01:19:19,606
- Should women be firefighters?
- 1445
- 01:19:19,608 --> 01:19:20,640
- "With all due respect,
- Your Honor,
- 1446
- 01:19:20,642 --> 01:19:21,976
- "I haven't considered it,
- 1447
- 01:19:21,978 --> 01:19:23,277
- because my client
- isn't a firefighter."
- 1448
- 01:19:23,279 --> 01:19:25,179
- Or you can redirect.
- 1449
- 01:19:25,181 --> 01:19:28,249
- "With respect, Judge, this case
- is not about firefighters.
- 1450
- 01:19:28,251 --> 01:19:29,951
- "It's about taxpayers,
- and there's nothing
- 1451
- 01:19:29,953 --> 01:19:32,987
- inherently masculine
- about paying taxes."
- 1452
- 01:19:32,989 --> 01:19:36,124
- Or crack a joke. "Your Honor,
- anyone who's raised a child
- 1453
- 01:19:36,126 --> 01:19:37,292
- "couldn't possibly
- be intimidated
- 1454
- 01:19:37,294 --> 01:19:38,993
- by a burning building."
- 1455
- 01:19:38,995 --> 01:19:41,030
- And then bring them back to your case.
- 1456
- 01:19:41,032 --> 01:19:43,300
- Marty, you should do
- the oral arguments.
- 1457
- 01:19:44,335 --> 01:19:45,700
- No, no, no.
- 1458
- 01:19:45,702 --> 01:19:47,336
- Ruth is the expert
- on gender law.
- 1459
- 01:19:47,338 --> 01:19:49,004
- At least half this case is tax.
- 1460
- 01:19:49,006 --> 01:19:52,007
- Uh, the most important thing
- is that Charles Moritz wins.
- 1461
- 01:19:52,009 --> 01:19:53,944
- I said no, Mel. Drop it.
- 1462
- 01:19:56,614 --> 01:19:58,847
- They could split the time.
- 1463
- 01:19:58,849 --> 01:20:00,216
- Martin goes first,
- 1464
- 01:20:00,218 --> 01:20:02,017
- focuses the argument on tax.
- 1465
- 01:20:02,019 --> 01:20:04,955
- Then Ruth steps in,
- talks about gender.
- 1466
- 01:20:10,328 --> 01:20:12,662
- - Pauli, here you go.
- - Thank you.
- 1467
- 01:20:12,664 --> 01:20:14,330
- - Gerry, this is yours.
- - Mel. Mel.
- 1468
- 01:20:14,332 --> 01:20:16,332
- There is no aspect of the law
- 1469
- 01:20:16,334 --> 01:20:18,101
- at which Ruth Ginsburg
- can be bested.
- 1470
- 01:20:18,103 --> 01:20:20,703
- I don't know how things work
- at the ACLU, but if anyone
- 1471
- 01:20:20,705 --> 01:20:23,073
- at my firm couldn't see that,
- they would be fired.
- 1472
- 01:20:23,075 --> 01:20:24,375
- Objection noted, counselor.
- 1473
- 01:20:24,377 --> 01:20:26,676
- - She's still arguing half.
- - This is her...
- 1474
- 01:20:26,678 --> 01:20:27,977
- Listen, she's written
- a revolutionary argument,
- 1475
- 01:20:27,979 --> 01:20:31,182
- but brief writing is
- an academic's job. Okay?
- 1476
- 01:20:31,184 --> 01:20:32,950
- Oral arguments require a lawyer
- 1477
- 01:20:32,952 --> 01:20:35,219
- who can command
- a judge's respect.
- 1478
- 01:20:35,221 --> 01:20:37,154
- A real appellate lawyer.
- 1479
- 01:20:38,724 --> 01:20:40,157
- Oh, what a team
- you're gonna be.
- 1480
- 01:20:40,159 --> 01:20:41,425
- It was a good experience.
- 1481
- 01:20:41,427 --> 01:20:43,260
- I think that was
- a very productive exercise.
- 1482
- 01:20:43,262 --> 01:20:44,862
- I have to go to a fund-raiser.
- 1483
- 01:20:44,864 --> 01:20:47,098
- Pauli, Gerry, you want
- to split a cab downtown?
- 1484
- 01:20:47,100 --> 01:20:48,601
- - Sure.
- - Sure.
- 1485
- 01:20:50,970 --> 01:20:53,171
- - Good team, huh?
- - It's good to see you, Gerry.
- 1486
- 01:20:53,173 --> 01:20:54,372
- Thank you for coming.
- 1487
- 01:20:54,374 --> 01:20:56,742
- - Bye-bye. - Bye.
- - Bye. Great to see you.
- 1488
- 01:21:03,117 --> 01:21:04,918
- Bye.
- 1489
- 01:21:12,693 --> 01:21:14,759
- You have such a light touch.
- 1490
- 01:21:14,761 --> 01:21:17,762
- It... it's just
- effortless for you,
- 1491
- 01:21:17,764 --> 01:21:21,167
- - isn't it?
- - Uh... Mel was goading you.
- 1492
- 01:21:21,169 --> 01:21:23,369
- He was trying to make you
- feel overwhelmed. That's...
- 1493
- 01:21:23,371 --> 01:21:26,305
- Of course he was.
- He's a relentless prick.
- 1494
- 01:21:26,307 --> 01:21:28,074
- But it doesn't change the fact
- 1495
- 01:21:28,076 --> 01:21:29,842
- - that I'm not ready.
- - It's not your fault.
- 1496
- 01:21:29,844 --> 01:21:31,244
- - You've never done this before.
- - Well, is that what
- 1497
- 01:21:31,246 --> 01:21:33,915
- I'm supposed to tell Charlie
- when I blow it in court?
- 1498
- 01:21:38,086 --> 01:21:41,221
- Do you want <i>Theories in Public</i>
- <i>Taxation</i> with you in Denver?
- 1499
- 01:21:41,223 --> 01:21:44,424
- Who needs a tax reference when you have Marty?
- 1500
- 01:21:44,426 --> 01:21:46,393
- Did you pack the, uh...
- 1501
- 01:21:46,395 --> 01:21:48,095
- the <i>Kirk v. Commission</i> brief?
- 1502
- 01:21:48,097 --> 01:21:49,363
- Yes.
- 1503
- 01:21:49,365 --> 01:21:51,365
- Rutgers Law.
- 1504
- 01:21:51,367 --> 01:21:53,836
- It's Mel Wulf for you.
- 1505
- 01:21:55,004 --> 01:21:56,471
- Just tell him I'm not here.
- 1506
- 01:21:56,473 --> 01:21:59,206
- I'm sorry, Mr....
- 1507
- 01:21:59,208 --> 01:22:01,444
- He says it's urgent.
- 1508
- 01:22:10,353 --> 01:22:12,820
- - Yeah.
- - What was so important?
- 1509
- 01:22:12,822 --> 01:22:14,355
- I'm excited to work with you.
- 1510
- 01:22:14,357 --> 01:22:15,757
- Ah-ah. Shh, shh. Ah-ah. No.
- 1511
- 01:22:15,759 --> 01:22:17,060
- I understand.
- 1512
- 01:22:18,128 --> 01:22:20,295
- She just walked in.
- 1513
- 01:22:20,297 --> 01:22:22,032
- And to you, too.
- 1514
- 01:22:23,367 --> 01:22:24,500
- Okay.
- 1515
- 01:22:24,502 --> 01:22:26,968
- Ruth Ginsburg, Allen Derr.
- 1516
- 01:22:26,970 --> 01:22:28,803
- How do you do?
- 1517
- 01:22:28,805 --> 01:22:30,105
- The Supreme Court just
- announced they're gonna hear
- 1518
- 01:22:30,107 --> 01:22:32,843
- <i>Reed v. Reed</i> on appeal
- from the Idaho Supreme Court.
- 1519
- 01:22:33,978 --> 01:22:36,045
- - That's fantastic.
- - Mrs. Reed is
- 1520
- 01:22:36,047 --> 01:22:37,880
- very excited
- for the opportunity.
- 1521
- 01:22:37,882 --> 01:22:39,882
- Uh, Allen's
- Sally Reed's lawyer.
- 1522
- 01:22:39,884 --> 01:22:43,319
- So... is the ACLU gonna help?
- 1523
- 01:22:43,321 --> 01:22:45,187
- Mm, you told me it was
- the right thing to do, right?
- 1524
- 01:22:45,189 --> 01:22:46,922
- Mel says that
- no one knows this area
- 1525
- 01:22:46,924 --> 01:22:47,990
- of the law better than you.
- 1526
- 01:22:47,992 --> 01:22:50,227
- You're our secret weapon, Ruth.
- 1527
- 01:22:50,229 --> 01:22:51,860
- So...
- 1528
- 01:22:51,862 --> 01:22:55,766
- y-you want me...
- in the Supreme Court?
- 1529
- 01:22:56,468 --> 01:22:59,336
- I, uh... uh...
- 1530
- 01:22:59,338 --> 01:23:02,908
- I-I told Allen you'd be eager
- to help him write his brief.
- 1531
- 01:23:06,278 --> 01:23:08,144
- Oh.
- 1532
- 01:23:08,146 --> 01:23:09,279
- Well... basically,
- 1533
- 01:23:09,281 --> 01:23:11,815
- take the Moritz brief
- and swap around the pronouns.
- 1534
- 01:23:11,817 --> 01:23:13,284
- - Isn't that right?
- - Well, it's a...
- 1535
- 01:23:13,286 --> 01:23:14,884
- little more involved than that.
- 1536
- 01:23:14,886 --> 01:23:16,153
- Joking.
- 1537
- 01:23:16,155 --> 01:23:18,055
- All right,
- let's start right away.
- 1538
- 01:23:18,057 --> 01:23:20,224
- Allen, uh, enjoy the city.
- You should catch a show
- 1539
- 01:23:20,226 --> 01:23:23,160
- - while you're here.
- - Oh, well, thank you.
- 1540
- 01:23:23,162 --> 01:23:25,031
- - Yeah.
- - Yeah.
- 1541
- 01:23:26,165 --> 01:23:27,465
- Oh, uh, Kiki and I have
- 1542
- 01:23:27,467 --> 01:23:29,166
- some stuff to discuss.
- 1543
- 01:23:29,168 --> 01:23:31,603
- Yes, of course.
- I'll-I'll get out of your way.
- 1544
- 01:23:31,605 --> 01:23:34,138
- Uh, it was a pleasure
- meeting you, Ruth.
- 1545
- 01:23:34,140 --> 01:23:35,340
- Or Kiki.
- 1546
- 01:23:35,342 --> 01:23:37,043
- Uh... Mel.
- 1547
- 01:23:38,178 --> 01:23:40,479
- - Oh. Um, I...
- - Ah. Don't forget that.
- 1548
- 01:23:40,481 --> 01:23:42,849
- Mustn't forget that, yeah.
- 1549
- 01:23:44,618 --> 01:23:45,851
- What a schmuck.
- 1550
- 01:23:45,853 --> 01:23:47,853
- Let me argue Reed in court.
- 1551
- 01:23:47,855 --> 01:23:49,855
- - Oh, give me a break.
- - I have no less experience
- 1552
- 01:23:49,857 --> 01:23:51,256
- than Allen Derr
- in federal court.
- 1553
- 01:23:51,258 --> 01:23:53,025
- - You have zero experience.
- - If you're gonna use
- 1554
- 01:23:53,027 --> 01:23:54,627
- - my arguments...
- - He's been Sally Reed's lawyer
- 1555
- 01:23:54,629 --> 01:23:56,429
- for three years;
- she trusts him.
- 1556
- 01:23:56,431 --> 01:23:59,064
- She wouldn't even let me argue
- the case. Now, listen to me
- 1557
- 01:23:59,066 --> 01:24:01,534
- for a second... we have
- someone else to discuss.
- 1558
- 01:24:01,536 --> 01:24:03,069
- Ernie Brown called
- this morning.
- 1559
- 01:24:03,071 --> 01:24:05,071
- In light of Reed going
- to the Supreme Court,
- 1560
- 01:24:05,073 --> 01:24:07,640
- the government wants to settle
- the Moritz case for a dollar.
- 1561
- 01:24:07,642 --> 01:24:10,076
- Reed ups the profile
- of our case.
- 1562
- 01:24:10,078 --> 01:24:11,577
- Th-They're getting nervous.
- 1563
- 01:24:11,579 --> 01:24:15,016
- I told them you'd be in D.C. on
- Monday to sign the paperwork.
- 1564
- 01:24:16,885 --> 01:24:19,052
- Why would you say that?
- 1565
- 01:24:19,054 --> 01:24:20,554
- Charlie won't want to settle.
- 1566
- 01:24:20,556 --> 01:24:22,088
- Well, convince him.
- 1567
- 01:24:22,090 --> 01:24:24,325
- I will not.
- 1568
- 01:24:24,327 --> 01:24:27,561
- First, you took half
- the argument away from me...
- 1569
- 01:24:27,563 --> 01:24:30,631
- Nobody took anything away
- from you, Ruth.
- 1570
- 01:24:30,633 --> 01:24:32,099
- You weren't robbed
- in the middle of the night.
- 1571
- 01:24:32,101 --> 01:24:33,334
- All right? I was giving you
- this opportunity
- 1572
- 01:24:33,336 --> 01:24:36,170
- - for the good of the cause.
- - You think you gave this to me?
- 1573
- 01:24:36,172 --> 01:24:39,039
- In fact, I did.
- And get your emotions in check.
- 1574
- 01:24:39,041 --> 01:24:40,843
- You first.
- 1575
- 01:24:41,578 --> 01:24:43,077
- Allen is gonna be arguing
- 1576
- 01:24:43,079 --> 01:24:46,080
- in the Supreme Court
- that times have changed.
- 1577
- 01:24:46,082 --> 01:24:47,549
- We can't afford
- the Tenth Circuit
- 1578
- 01:24:47,551 --> 01:24:49,016
- saying that they haven't.
- 1579
- 01:24:49,018 --> 01:24:50,918
- Nothing would strengthen
- the argument more
- 1580
- 01:24:50,920 --> 01:24:53,221
- - than the appeals court deciding for Charlie.
- - Yes,
- 1581
- 01:24:53,223 --> 01:24:55,123
- that would be very nice,
- but here in the real world,
- 1582
- 01:24:55,125 --> 01:24:57,092
- - with working lawyers...
- - You think I can't be persuasive?
- 1583
- 01:24:57,094 --> 01:24:58,259
- Oh, I've never been
- more certain
- 1584
- 01:24:58,261 --> 01:25:00,528
- about anything
- in my life, Ruth.
- 1585
- 01:25:00,530 --> 01:25:02,397
- You don't get to tell me
- when to quit.
- 1586
- 01:25:02,399 --> 01:25:04,366
- You couldn't even make it
- through moot court
- 1587
- 01:25:04,368 --> 01:25:05,902
- without embarrassing yourself.
- 1588
- 01:25:07,003 --> 01:25:10,138
- You will lose, Ruth.
- And when you do,
- 1589
- 01:25:10,140 --> 01:25:12,140
- you will set the women's
- movement back ten years. More.
- 1590
- 01:25:12,142 --> 01:25:14,610
- We are dodging a bullet here.
- 1591
- 01:25:14,612 --> 01:25:18,182
- Are you the only one
- that can't see that?
- 1592
- 01:25:29,394 --> 01:25:31,961
- These are Allen's briefs
- from the previous appeals.
- 1593
- 01:25:31,963 --> 01:25:34,731
- Tie them into the framework
- of the Moritz brief.
- 1594
- 01:25:34,733 --> 01:25:36,934
- I'll review it
- when you're done.
- 1595
- 01:25:39,505 --> 01:25:42,141
- It's a Supreme Court brief.
- 1596
- 01:25:43,509 --> 01:25:46,912
- I can assign it to someone else
- if that's what you'd prefer.
- 1597
- 01:26:00,760 --> 01:26:02,460
- Oh, and-and, Ruth.
- 1598
- 01:26:02,462 --> 01:26:06,032
- Uh, the sooner
- you call Charlie, the better.
- 1599
- 01:26:17,076 --> 01:26:19,545
- <i>I had this idea.</i>
- 1600
- 01:26:19,547 --> 01:26:20,746
- What's that?
- 1601
- 01:26:20,748 --> 01:26:23,114
- Well, it doesn't matter now.
- 1602
- 01:26:23,116 --> 01:26:25,152
- Tell me.
- 1603
- 01:26:26,620 --> 01:26:29,655
- We could have taken Appendix E
- from the government's brief,
- 1604
- 01:26:29,657 --> 01:26:33,358
- that entire comprehensive
- list of laws
- 1605
- 01:26:33,360 --> 01:26:36,228
- that differentiates
- between the sexes, and...
- 1606
- 01:26:36,230 --> 01:26:38,731
- and turn it
- into our own hit list.
- 1607
- 01:26:38,733 --> 01:26:41,133
- We could have started
- a special project
- 1608
- 01:26:41,135 --> 01:26:43,703
- at the ACLU to go after
- those laws one by one,
- 1609
- 01:26:43,705 --> 01:26:45,438
- in the legislature,
- in the courts,
- 1610
- 01:26:45,440 --> 01:26:49,311
- until women and men were
- genuinely equal under the law.
- 1611
- 01:26:52,180 --> 01:26:55,183
- And I've been running around
- claiming things have changed.
- 1612
- 01:27:38,729 --> 01:27:41,164
- Daddy told me about the case.
- 1613
- 01:27:44,268 --> 01:27:47,371
- Why is Mel Wulf being
- such a dick?
- 1614
- 01:27:50,107 --> 01:27:51,874
- He thinks I'm gonna lose.
- 1615
- 01:27:51,876 --> 01:27:54,311
- No way, Jose.
- Not in my experience.
- 1616
- 01:28:02,587 --> 01:28:06,188
- As Mr. Moritz's lawyer, I'm...
- 1617
- 01:28:06,190 --> 01:28:09,394
- I'm ethically bound
- to convey him the offer.
- 1618
- 01:28:12,597 --> 01:28:17,901
- So would you like help taking
- apart your life's work, or...
- 1619
- 01:28:17,903 --> 01:28:21,473
- is that something
- you'd rather do by yourself?
- 1620
- 01:28:22,808 --> 01:28:24,341
- I...
- 1621
- 01:28:24,343 --> 01:28:27,346
- I know that this case, that...
- 1622
- 01:28:31,650 --> 01:28:34,284
- ...that I disrupted our lives,
- 1623
- 01:28:34,286 --> 01:28:36,221
- and...
- 1624
- 01:28:38,223 --> 01:28:40,223
- I'm sorry.
- 1625
- 01:28:40,225 --> 01:28:44,096
- Sorry for what?
- For-for doing your job?
- 1626
- 01:28:48,902 --> 01:28:51,736
- Who is it for...
- 1627
- 01:28:51,738 --> 01:28:54,107
- if not for me?
- 1628
- 01:28:59,346 --> 01:29:01,512
- And they'll say it,
- right? That I'm not a cheater,
- 1629
- 01:29:01,514 --> 01:29:03,916
- - that the law is unfair?
- - No, Charlie,
- 1630
- 01:29:03,918 --> 01:29:06,384
- the government
- won't say that on its own.
- 1631
- 01:29:06,386 --> 01:29:09,390
- But if they don't say it,
- how will I have won?
- 1632
- 01:29:11,425 --> 01:29:13,959
- You-you haven't.
- 1633
- 01:29:13,961 --> 01:29:16,397
- But you-you get the money.
- 1634
- 01:29:18,699 --> 01:29:21,266
- What about everyone else?
- 1635
- 01:29:21,268 --> 01:29:23,803
- When you came to see me,
- you said...
- 1636
- 01:29:23,805 --> 01:29:26,906
- Charlie, the settlement
- is only for you.
- 1637
- 01:29:26,908 --> 01:29:30,443
- No one else can benefit.
- 1638
- 01:29:30,445 --> 01:29:32,479
- But could we win?
- 1639
- 01:29:32,481 --> 01:29:33,713
- Well...
- 1640
- 01:29:33,715 --> 01:29:35,815
- we could, and...
- 1641
- 01:29:35,817 --> 01:29:38,453
- and the impact
- would last generations.
- 1642
- 01:29:40,656 --> 01:29:43,356
- But the ACLU feels...
- 1643
- 01:29:43,358 --> 01:29:46,526
- it's best
- if you take the offer.
- 1644
- 01:29:47,997 --> 01:29:50,831
- But you're my lawyer, Ruth.
- 1645
- 01:29:50,833 --> 01:29:53,268
- What do you think?
- 1646
- 01:30:00,243 --> 01:30:02,643
- - Ah, Ruth.
- - Professor Brown.
- 1647
- 01:30:02,645 --> 01:30:03,978
- Please come in.
- 1648
- 01:30:07,583 --> 01:30:08,850
- Dean Griswold.
- 1649
- 01:30:08,852 --> 01:30:10,685
- Mrs. Ginsburg.
- 1650
- 01:30:10,687 --> 01:30:15,423
- I'm pleased you found a use
- for your Harvard education.
- 1651
- 01:30:15,425 --> 01:30:18,595
- Actually, what I'm doing now,
- I learned at Columbia.
- 1652
- 01:30:19,663 --> 01:30:21,563
- Ah.
- 1653
- 01:30:21,565 --> 01:30:24,566
- Ruth was always my most
- thoroughly prepared student.
- 1654
- 01:30:24,568 --> 01:30:27,736
- So much to prove.
- 1655
- 01:30:27,738 --> 01:30:31,007
- These days, the girls are
- as hopeless as the men.
- 1656
- 01:30:31,009 --> 01:30:33,876
- How's little Jane?
- 1657
- 01:30:33,878 --> 01:30:35,644
- Not so little.
- 1658
- 01:30:35,646 --> 01:30:37,479
- And we have another. James.
- 1659
- 01:30:37,481 --> 01:30:39,849
- Mm, I'm sure
- they keep you busy.
- 1660
- 01:30:39,851 --> 01:30:41,651
- Yes.
- 1661
- 01:30:41,653 --> 01:30:43,455
- Both of us.
- 1662
- 01:30:44,723 --> 01:30:47,392
- Ernie has your paperwork ready.
- 1663
- 01:30:50,495 --> 01:30:54,031
- My client was very excited
- about your offer.
- 1664
- 01:30:54,033 --> 01:30:56,632
- Good. Good.
- 1665
- 01:30:56,634 --> 01:30:59,069
- He did, however,
- have some conditions.
- 1666
- 01:30:59,071 --> 01:31:00,671
- Conditions?
- 1667
- 01:31:00,673 --> 01:31:02,505
- What kind of conditions?
- 1668
- 01:31:02,507 --> 01:31:04,742
- First of all,
- he'd like you to forgive
- 1669
- 01:31:04,744 --> 01:31:06,309
- a hundred percent of the money.
- 1670
- 01:31:06,311 --> 01:31:07,911
- None of this
- one dollar business.
- 1671
- 01:31:07,913 --> 01:31:09,379
- Yes, well, I'm sure
- 1672
- 01:31:09,381 --> 01:31:10,948
- we can manage to arrange that.
- 1673
- 01:31:10,950 --> 01:31:12,816
- And he'd like the government
- to concede
- 1674
- 01:31:12,818 --> 01:31:14,386
- that he did nothing wrong.
- 1675
- 01:31:15,955 --> 01:31:17,788
- And enter into the court record
- 1676
- 01:31:17,790 --> 01:31:19,656
- that Section 214
- of the tax code
- 1677
- 01:31:19,658 --> 01:31:21,658
- discriminates
- on the basis of sex
- 1678
- 01:31:21,660 --> 01:31:24,263
- and is therefore
- unconstitutional.
- 1679
- 01:31:25,331 --> 01:31:27,531
- I can't agree to that.
- 1680
- 01:31:27,533 --> 01:31:29,067
- And you know it.
- 1681
- 01:31:29,069 --> 01:31:31,370
- Does Mel Wulf know about this?
- 1682
- 01:31:33,974 --> 01:31:37,410
- Then we'll see you in court.
- 1683
- 01:31:47,722 --> 01:31:49,556
- Thank you, gentlemen.
- 1684
- 01:31:50,625 --> 01:31:52,091
- It was a pleasure.
- 1685
- 01:32:00,935 --> 01:32:02,835
- <i>Your Honors...</i>
- 1686
- 01:32:02,837 --> 01:32:04,772
- and may it please the court.
- 1687
- 01:32:07,842 --> 01:32:11,077
- Your Honors...
- and may it please the court.
- 1688
- 01:32:11,079 --> 01:32:13,479
- Your Honors, and may it...
- 1689
- 01:32:13,481 --> 01:32:15,949
- Section 214 of the tax code.
- 1690
- 01:32:15,951 --> 01:32:18,319
- Section 214
- of the tax code.
- 1691
- 01:32:27,729 --> 01:32:29,964
- Your Honors...
- 1692
- 01:32:29,966 --> 01:32:32,834
- and may it please the court.
- 1693
- 01:32:59,495 --> 01:33:01,765
- Good morning.
- 1694
- 01:33:06,971 --> 01:33:08,804
- You're ready for this.
- 1695
- 01:33:08,806 --> 01:33:11,206
- You've been ready for this
- your whole life.
- 1696
- 01:33:11,208 --> 01:33:13,976
- So go in there
- and let the judges see
- 1697
- 01:33:13,978 --> 01:33:16,547
- the Ruth Ginsburg I know.
- 1698
- 01:33:21,552 --> 01:33:23,652
- - Oh, Professor Brown.
- - Marty.
- 1699
- 01:33:23,654 --> 01:33:25,889
- - Good to see you.
- - You remember our daughter Jane.
- 1700
- 01:34:07,633 --> 01:34:09,968
- - Charlie.
- - Good morning.
- 1701
- 01:34:09,970 --> 01:34:12,739
- - You must be Jane.
- - Nice to meet you, Mr. Moritz.
- 1702
- 01:34:18,045 --> 01:34:20,178
- - Mr. Ginsburg.
- - No, uh, Mel Wulf.
- 1703
- 01:34:20,180 --> 01:34:22,747
- - ACLU.
- - That's me. I'm Mr. Ginsburg.
- 1704
- 01:34:22,749 --> 01:34:24,484
- - Nice to meet you, Charles.
- - My pleasure.
- 1705
- 01:34:31,591 --> 01:34:33,660
- Well, here we are.
- 1706
- 01:34:40,868 --> 01:34:42,068
- All rise.
- 1707
- 01:34:42,070 --> 01:34:45,838
- The United States Court of
- Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
- 1708
- 01:34:45,840 --> 01:34:47,240
- is now in session.
- 1709
- 01:34:47,242 --> 01:34:51,043
- Judges Doyle, Holloway
- and Daugherty presiding.
- 1710
- 01:34:51,045 --> 01:34:53,182
- Be seated.
- 1711
- 01:34:56,952 --> 01:35:00,020
- You have a century
- of case law on your side.
- 1712
- 01:35:00,022 --> 01:35:02,191
- Just do your job.
- 1713
- 01:35:04,560 --> 01:35:05,926
- The first case is
- 1714
- 01:35:05,928 --> 01:35:08,862
- docket number 71-1127.
- 1715
- 01:35:08,864 --> 01:35:11,999
- <i>Charles Moritz v. Commissioner
- of Internal Revenue.</i>
- 1716
- 01:35:12,001 --> 01:35:14,102
- Each side will have
- 30 minutes to present.
- 1717
- 01:35:14,104 --> 01:35:16,636
- When two minutes remain,
- the court clerk will rise
- 1718
- 01:35:16,638 --> 01:35:20,141
- to give warning; when your time
- is up, he will sit.
- 1719
- 01:35:20,143 --> 01:35:22,276
- Counsel for the appellant,
- 1720
- 01:35:22,278 --> 01:35:24,948
- Mr. Ginsburg, you may proceed.
- 1721
- 01:35:28,218 --> 01:35:30,885
- Good morning, Your Honors,
- and may it please the court.
- 1722
- 01:35:30,887 --> 01:35:32,587
- Today we are going
- to demonstrate
- 1723
- 01:35:32,589 --> 01:35:34,822
- that Section 214
- of the U.S. tax code
- 1724
- 01:35:34,824 --> 01:35:37,125
- unfairly discriminates
- against our client,
- 1725
- 01:35:37,127 --> 01:35:38,327
- Mr. Charles Moritz,
- 1726
- 01:35:38,329 --> 01:35:41,796
- because he is a man.
- 1727
- 01:35:41,798 --> 01:35:44,632
- Congress assumed that
- 1728
- 01:35:44,634 --> 01:35:46,268
- a caregiver
- is most likely a woman.
- 1729
- 01:35:46,270 --> 01:35:48,303
- Is that so unreasonable?
- 1730
- 01:35:48,305 --> 01:35:52,074
- If the law says all caregivers
- are entitled to a deduction,
- 1731
- 01:35:52,076 --> 01:35:54,376
- and if the writers,
- in the back of their mind,
- 1732
- 01:35:54,378 --> 01:35:56,278
- thought, well,
- this will only apply to women,
- 1733
- 01:35:56,280 --> 01:35:58,013
- then that would be
- an assumption.
- 1734
- 01:35:58,015 --> 01:35:59,782
- But they went farther
- than that, Judge.
- 1735
- 01:35:59,784 --> 01:36:01,850
- They explicitly list
- who qualifies
- 1736
- 01:36:01,852 --> 01:36:03,819
- - as a caregiver.
- - As is their prerogative.
- 1737
- 01:36:03,821 --> 01:36:05,821
- Yes, but, Judge,
- I doubt that you would turn
- 1738
- 01:36:05,823 --> 01:36:08,158
- the same blind eye if it said
- only white caregivers.
- 1739
- 01:36:08,160 --> 01:36:10,226
- Oh, that's hardly
- the same thing.
- 1740
- 01:36:10,228 --> 01:36:12,829
- Respectfully, we disagree.
- 1741
- 01:36:12,831 --> 01:36:14,898
- I'm gonna turn it over
- to my cocounsel,
- 1742
- 01:36:14,900 --> 01:36:16,633
- who will discuss the
- constitutional questions...
- 1743
- 01:36:16,635 --> 01:36:19,571
- You're telling us that race
- and gender are the same?
- 1744
- 01:36:21,807 --> 01:36:23,740
- My cocounsel...
- 1745
- 01:36:23,742 --> 01:36:25,376
- Yes, yes, we'll get to her
- in a minute.
- 1746
- 01:36:25,378 --> 01:36:28,845
- But I'd appreciate an answer
- to my question.
- 1747
- 01:36:28,847 --> 01:36:30,847
- In order for a law
- to discriminate,
- 1748
- 01:36:30,849 --> 01:36:33,117
- it must distinguish
- between groups arbitrarily.
- 1749
- 01:36:33,119 --> 01:36:34,318
- Is that correct?
- 1750
- 01:36:34,320 --> 01:36:36,387
- My cocounsel will...
- 1751
- 01:36:36,389 --> 01:36:37,955
- Mr. Ginsburg.
- 1752
- 01:36:37,957 --> 01:36:39,725
- I have asked you.
- 1753
- 01:36:45,765 --> 01:36:47,765
- It must be arbitrary. Yes.
- 1754
- 01:36:47,767 --> 01:36:50,901
- And in this case,
- we believe the law is.
- 1755
- 01:36:50,903 --> 01:36:53,138
- Mr. Moritz is a man
- who never married.
- 1756
- 01:36:53,140 --> 01:36:54,738
- That may make him less likely
- 1757
- 01:36:54,740 --> 01:36:56,740
- to have childcare
- responsibilities,
- 1758
- 01:36:56,742 --> 01:36:58,176
- but not parent care
- responsibilities.
- 1759
- 01:36:58,178 --> 01:37:00,846
- - And had he been a woman...
- - And to your mind,
- 1760
- 01:37:00,848 --> 01:37:03,415
- classifications of this kind
- must always be discriminatory?
- 1761
- 01:37:03,417 --> 01:37:04,950
- There's some help.
- He's asking him
- 1762
- 01:37:04,952 --> 01:37:06,284
- to make a broad
- categorical claim.
- 1763
- 01:37:06,286 --> 01:37:07,786
- I can't speak to always, Judge.
- 1764
- 01:37:07,788 --> 01:37:11,091
- I can only speak to this case
- and this man.
- 1765
- 01:37:12,393 --> 01:37:14,327
- Very well.
- 1766
- 01:37:14,329 --> 01:37:15,760
- Thank you.
- 1767
- 01:37:15,762 --> 01:37:17,031
- Then speak of him.
- 1768
- 01:37:22,871 --> 01:37:26,839
- Again, the only distinction
- between our client, Mr. Moritz,
- 1769
- 01:37:26,841 --> 01:37:30,042
- and any other caregiver,
- in Judge Daugherty's words,
- 1770
- 01:37:30,044 --> 01:37:31,844
- is arbitrary.
- 1771
- 01:37:31,846 --> 01:37:33,212
- Thank you,
- 1772
- 01:37:33,214 --> 01:37:36,350
- and I cede the remainder
- of my time to my cocounsel.
- 1773
- 01:38:03,213 --> 01:38:04,947
- Your Honors...
- 1774
- 01:38:07,484 --> 01:38:10,020
- Whenever you're ready,
- Mrs. Ginsburg.
- 1775
- 01:38:12,923 --> 01:38:15,490
- Your Honors,
- and may it please the court.
- 1776
- 01:38:15,492 --> 01:38:17,759
- Section 214
- 1777
- 01:38:17,761 --> 01:38:20,462
- denies Mr. Moritz
- a caregiver tax deduction
- 1778
- 01:38:20,464 --> 01:38:24,032
- available to similarly
- situated women...
- 1779
- 01:38:24,034 --> 01:38:26,834
- Yes, yes, we've...
- we've been through all that.
- 1780
- 01:38:26,836 --> 01:38:29,837
- Uh, Mrs. Ginsburg,
- you are aware
- 1781
- 01:38:29,839 --> 01:38:33,377
- that the government has
- three coequal branches?
- 1782
- 01:38:36,781 --> 01:38:39,181
- - Mrs. Ginsburg?
- - Yes, of course, Your Honor.
- 1783
- 01:38:39,183 --> 01:38:43,120
- And that it is the
- Congress's role to write law?
- 1784
- 01:38:45,056 --> 01:38:48,427
- Your Honor, I understand
- how government works.
- 1785
- 01:38:49,994 --> 01:38:51,729
- Take it easy, Ruth.
- 1786
- 01:38:52,863 --> 01:38:56,499
- Well, uh, sometimes a law,
- even a good law,
- 1787
- 01:38:56,501 --> 01:38:58,902
- even a law that is legal
- under the Constitution,
- 1788
- 01:38:58,904 --> 01:39:01,371
- may not be good for every
- individual it affects.
- 1789
- 01:39:01,373 --> 01:39:03,173
- I have a question.
- 1790
- 01:39:03,175 --> 01:39:05,275
- If I understand correctly,
- 1791
- 01:39:05,277 --> 01:39:08,446
- you're concerned about men
- and women being pigeonholed
- 1792
- 01:39:08,448 --> 01:39:10,847
- into certain roles
- based on gender.
- 1793
- 01:39:10,849 --> 01:39:12,283
- Yes, that's correct.
- 1794
- 01:39:12,285 --> 01:39:13,883
- - Because...
- - Excuse me.
- 1795
- 01:39:13,885 --> 01:39:15,186
- Uh, that wasn't my question.
- 1796
- 01:39:15,188 --> 01:39:17,321
- It strikes me
- that the caregiver deduction
- 1797
- 01:39:17,323 --> 01:39:19,156
- does the opposite.
- 1798
- 01:39:19,158 --> 01:39:22,159
- It helps women be able to work
- outside the home.
- 1799
- 01:39:22,161 --> 01:39:24,130
- Isn't that a good thing?
- 1800
- 01:39:25,298 --> 01:39:27,365
- But the law assumes
- it must be the woman
- 1801
- 01:39:27,367 --> 01:39:30,101
- who is supposed to be at home
- in the first place.
- 1802
- 01:39:30,103 --> 01:39:32,837
- Well, that is the case
- in every family I know.
- 1803
- 01:39:32,839 --> 01:39:34,573
- So it's the assumption
- that's the problem.
- 1804
- 01:39:34,575 --> 01:39:37,008
- Then when can a law
- differentiate
- 1805
- 01:39:37,010 --> 01:39:39,779
- on the basis of sex? Never?
- 1806
- 01:39:41,048 --> 01:39:44,283
- When the classification
- rationally relates to the law.
- 1807
- 01:39:44,285 --> 01:39:47,419
- Keeping women out of combat,
- for example.
- 1808
- 01:39:47,421 --> 01:39:49,388
- I'm not sure whether I agree
- with that example...
- 1809
- 01:39:49,390 --> 01:39:52,457
- Oh, so you think women belong
- on the front lines now, too?
- 1810
- 01:39:52,459 --> 01:39:54,192
- No, that's not what...
- 1811
- 01:39:54,194 --> 01:39:56,194
- Gender, like race,
- 1812
- 01:39:56,196 --> 01:39:58,498
- is a biological,
- unalterable trait.
- 1813
- 01:39:58,500 --> 01:40:01,301
- There is nothing that women are
- inherently better at than men,
- 1814
- 01:40:01,303 --> 01:40:02,435
- nor vice versa.
- 1815
- 01:40:02,437 --> 01:40:04,304
- Growing a beard?
- 1816
- 01:40:04,306 --> 01:40:05,338
- Well, that's...
- 1817
- 01:40:05,340 --> 01:40:07,273
- Lactation.
- 1818
- 01:40:07,275 --> 01:40:09,275
- No thinking person
- could possibly imagine
- 1819
- 01:40:09,277 --> 01:40:11,344
- that Charles Moritz's
- gender relates
- 1820
- 01:40:11,346 --> 01:40:14,149
- to his abilit...
- 1821
- 01:40:16,552 --> 01:40:19,152
- Why can't we, Mrs. Ginsburg?
- 1822
- 01:40:19,154 --> 01:40:22,623
- In most households, aren't
- women the primary caregivers?
- 1823
- 01:40:22,625 --> 01:40:25,091
- Aren't men the breadwinners?
- 1824
- 01:40:25,093 --> 01:40:27,196
- Aren't they?
- 1825
- 01:40:33,336 --> 01:40:36,036
- Most households,
- yes, Your Honor.
- 1826
- 01:40:36,038 --> 01:40:38,005
- Doesn't that reality suggest
- 1827
- 01:40:38,007 --> 01:40:41,043
- that that's
- the natural order of things?
- 1828
- 01:40:46,982 --> 01:40:49,250
- Respectfully, Your Honors,
- I'd like to reserve
- 1829
- 01:40:49,252 --> 01:40:51,987
- the remainder of my time
- for rebuttal.
- 1830
- 01:40:57,260 --> 01:41:00,197
- Not sure I followed that.
- H-How are we doing?
- 1831
- 01:41:04,602 --> 01:41:06,167
- It's okay.
- 1832
- 01:41:06,169 --> 01:41:07,605
- It's not over yet.
- 1833
- 01:41:21,319 --> 01:41:25,154
- Mr. Bozarth for the appellee,
- 1834
- 01:41:25,156 --> 01:41:26,989
- - you may proceed.
- - Don't let them forget
- 1835
- 01:41:26,991 --> 01:41:28,525
- what this case is really about.
- 1836
- 01:41:28,527 --> 01:41:30,694
- You'll be fine.
- 1837
- 01:41:30,696 --> 01:41:32,396
- Ah, Bozarth.
- 1838
- 01:41:32,398 --> 01:41:35,699
- The, uh, master of citations.
- 1839
- 01:41:35,701 --> 01:41:38,235
- That's what my family
- calls me, too, Judge.
- 1840
- 01:41:41,340 --> 01:41:44,141
- Your Honors,
- and may it please the court.
- 1841
- 01:41:44,143 --> 01:41:45,709
- Congress created
- this tax deduction
- 1842
- 01:41:45,711 --> 01:41:49,246
- to help caregivers
- go out and work.
- 1843
- 01:41:49,248 --> 01:41:51,047
- Caregivers.
- 1844
- 01:41:51,049 --> 01:41:54,953
- Folks that, if they weren't
- working, would stay home.
- 1845
- 01:41:56,288 --> 01:41:59,457
- Now, are we meant
- to believe that this man
- 1846
- 01:41:59,459 --> 01:42:01,325
- would have the skill
- 1847
- 01:42:01,327 --> 01:42:03,694
- or even the caregiver's
- instinct to do that?
- 1848
- 01:42:03,696 --> 01:42:05,763
- Why can't we believe that?
- 1849
- 01:42:05,765 --> 01:42:08,099
- Why does an unwed woman
- have that instinct
- 1850
- 01:42:08,101 --> 01:42:09,700
- but not an unwed man?
- 1851
- 01:42:09,702 --> 01:42:11,402
- Or a widower, for that matter?
- 1852
- 01:42:11,404 --> 01:42:13,070
- Well, respectfully,
- Judge Doyle,
- 1853
- 01:42:13,072 --> 01:42:15,473
- a widower doesn't choose
- to be a caregiver.
- 1854
- 01:42:15,475 --> 01:42:16,708
- It's thrust upon them.
- 1855
- 01:42:16,710 --> 01:42:19,478
- And as for women,
- 1856
- 01:42:19,480 --> 01:42:21,179
- it doesn't take
- a legal treatise
- 1857
- 01:42:21,181 --> 01:42:23,382
- to prove what
- a hundred thousand years
- 1858
- 01:42:23,384 --> 01:42:25,617
- of human history
- has made indelibly clear.
- 1859
- 01:42:25,619 --> 01:42:28,120
- And Congress can write
- 1860
- 01:42:28,122 --> 01:42:31,056
- the tax code to enforce
- this natural law?
- 1861
- 01:42:31,058 --> 01:42:33,194
- Congress can write
- whatever tax code it wants.
- 1862
- 01:42:34,128 --> 01:42:35,762
- All I'm saying, Judge,
- 1863
- 01:42:35,764 --> 01:42:39,298
- is that given
- the natural order of things,
- 1864
- 01:42:39,300 --> 01:42:43,703
- this man, Mr. Moritz,
- hasn't suffered as a result.
- 1865
- 01:42:43,705 --> 01:42:45,405
- But the country will suffer
- 1866
- 01:42:45,407 --> 01:42:48,075
- if the court doesn't find
- for the appellee.
- 1867
- 01:42:51,379 --> 01:42:53,413
- Your Honors, I am certain
- there isn't a man among us
- 1868
- 01:42:53,415 --> 01:42:56,149
- who wouldn't try to ease
- his wife's burdens.
- 1869
- 01:42:56,151 --> 01:42:58,084
- So I don't see
- how we can judge negatively
- 1870
- 01:42:58,086 --> 01:42:59,787
- the members of Congress
- who would do the same.
- 1871
- 01:42:59,789 --> 01:43:02,522
- And I'm not alone in that.
- 1872
- 01:43:02,524 --> 01:43:05,058
- There is a long and honorable
- tradition in the courts
- 1873
- 01:43:05,060 --> 01:43:07,128
- of upholding laws
- like this one.
- 1874
- 01:43:08,364 --> 01:43:10,431
- I, for one, would rather see
- my government err
- 1875
- 01:43:10,433 --> 01:43:12,668
- on the side
- of caring too much...
- 1876
- 01:43:14,504 --> 01:43:15,736
- ...of trying too hard
- 1877
- 01:43:15,738 --> 01:43:18,539
- to help the ladies
- of this country,
- 1878
- 01:43:18,541 --> 01:43:22,276
- rather than to be indifferent
- to their unique burdens.
- 1879
- 01:43:22,278 --> 01:43:24,247
- Now, maybe Mr. Moritz
- disagrees.
- 1880
- 01:43:25,414 --> 01:43:27,682
- Or maybe he just
- doesn't like paying taxes.
- 1881
- 01:43:29,085 --> 01:43:30,552
- Personally,
- I don't believe that.
- 1882
- 01:43:30,554 --> 01:43:33,122
- I believe that Charles Moritz
- is a victim.
- 1883
- 01:43:34,391 --> 01:43:36,123
- Not of his government,
- 1884
- 01:43:36,125 --> 01:43:39,160
- but of the lawyers
- who have used his case
- 1885
- 01:43:39,162 --> 01:43:40,731
- to achieve their own ends.
- 1886
- 01:43:42,099 --> 01:43:45,835
- Radical social change.
- 1887
- 01:43:50,307 --> 01:43:53,476
- We rest our case
- on our briefs and argument,
- 1888
- 01:43:53,478 --> 01:43:57,313
- and ask that the court uphold
- the tax court's decision.
- 1889
- 01:43:57,315 --> 01:43:59,149
- Thank you.
- 1890
- 01:44:11,596 --> 01:44:13,462
- Counsel for the appellant,
- 1891
- 01:44:13,464 --> 01:44:17,135
- you have four minutes
- for rebuttal.
- 1892
- 01:44:27,212 --> 01:44:29,748
- Counsel for the appellant?
- 1893
- 01:44:39,593 --> 01:44:41,360
- Counselor.
- 1894
- 01:44:54,708 --> 01:44:58,879
- "Radical social change."
- 1895
- 01:45:05,653 --> 01:45:09,688
- When I was in law school,
- there was no women's bathroom.
- 1896
- 01:45:14,362 --> 01:45:17,563
- It's amazing to me now
- that we never complained.
- 1897
- 01:45:17,565 --> 01:45:20,199
- Not because we were timid;
- we were just astounded
- 1898
- 01:45:20,201 --> 01:45:23,469
- to be in law school at all.
- 1899
- 01:45:23,471 --> 01:45:27,373
- A hundred years ago, Myra
- Bradwell wanted to be a lawyer.
- 1900
- 01:45:27,375 --> 01:45:29,274
- She had fulfilled
- the requirements
- 1901
- 01:45:29,276 --> 01:45:30,944
- for the Illinois bar,
- 1902
- 01:45:30,946 --> 01:45:32,946
- but she wasn't allowed
- to practice
- 1903
- 01:45:32,948 --> 01:45:35,214
- because she was a woman.
- 1904
- 01:45:35,216 --> 01:45:39,421
- An injustice she asked
- the Supreme Court to correct.
- 1905
- 01:45:40,856 --> 01:45:43,690
- Illinois was so confident
- of victory,
- 1906
- 01:45:43,692 --> 01:45:47,762
- they didn't even send a lawyer
- to argue their side.
- 1907
- 01:45:47,764 --> 01:45:49,562
- They were right.
- 1908
- 01:45:49,564 --> 01:45:50,933
- She lost.
- 1909
- 01:45:53,335 --> 01:45:56,671
- That was the first time
- someone went to court
- 1910
- 01:45:56,673 --> 01:46:01,742
- to challenge his or her
- prescribed gender role.
- 1911
- 01:46:01,744 --> 01:46:03,880
- A hundred years ago.
- 1912
- 01:46:07,316 --> 01:46:09,918
- "Radical... social...
- 1913
- 01:46:09,920 --> 01:46:12,221
- change."
- 1914
- 01:46:15,291 --> 01:46:18,627
- 65 years ago,
- when women in Oregon
- 1915
- 01:46:18,629 --> 01:46:20,762
- wanted to work overtime
- and make more money,
- 1916
- 01:46:20,764 --> 01:46:23,865
- as men could, the court looked
- to the precedent in Bradwell
- 1917
- 01:46:23,867 --> 01:46:25,267
- and said no.
- 1918
- 01:46:25,269 --> 01:46:28,603
- So then there were
- two precedents.
- 1919
- 01:46:28,605 --> 01:46:31,908
- Then three, then four,
- and on and on,
- 1920
- 01:46:31,910 --> 01:46:34,276
- and you can draw a direct line
- 1921
- 01:46:34,278 --> 01:46:36,344
- from Myra Bradwell
- to Gwendolyn Hoyt,
- 1922
- 01:46:36,346 --> 01:46:37,947
- told ten years ago
- 1923
- 01:46:37,949 --> 01:46:41,519
- she was not entitled
- to a jury of her peers.
- 1924
- 01:46:42,821 --> 01:46:44,954
- That is the legacy
- 1925
- 01:46:44,956 --> 01:46:47,690
- the government asks you
- to uphold today.
- 1926
- 01:46:47,692 --> 01:46:51,027
- You are being urged
- to protect the culture
- 1927
- 01:46:51,029 --> 01:46:53,463
- and traditions and morality
- 1928
- 01:46:53,465 --> 01:46:56,301
- of an America
- that no longer exists.
- 1929
- 01:46:58,904 --> 01:47:00,671
- A generation ago,
- 1930
- 01:47:00,673 --> 01:47:03,640
- my students would have been
- arrested for indecency
- 1931
- 01:47:03,642 --> 01:47:05,843
- for wearing the clothes
- that they do.
- 1932
- 01:47:05,845 --> 01:47:08,812
- 65 years ago,
- 1933
- 01:47:08,814 --> 01:47:10,080
- it would have been unimaginable
- 1934
- 01:47:10,082 --> 01:47:12,518
- that my daughter
- would aspire to a career.
- 1935
- 01:47:14,887 --> 01:47:17,755
- And a hundred years ago...
- 1936
- 01:47:17,757 --> 01:47:21,627
- I would not have the right
- to stand before you.
- 1937
- 01:47:31,938 --> 01:47:35,406
- There are 178 laws
- that differentiate
- 1938
- 01:47:35,408 --> 01:47:37,408
- on the basis of sex.
- Count them.
- 1939
- 01:47:37,410 --> 01:47:40,879
- The government did the favor
- of compiling them for you.
- 1940
- 01:47:40,881 --> 01:47:43,848
- And while you're at it...
- 1941
- 01:47:43,850 --> 01:47:46,684
- I urge you to read them.
- 1942
- 01:47:46,686 --> 01:47:50,623
- They're obstacles
- to our children's aspirations.
- 1943
- 01:47:50,625 --> 01:47:53,926
- You're asking us to overturn
- nearly a century of precedent.
- 1944
- 01:47:53,928 --> 01:47:56,695
- I'm asking you
- to set a new precedent,
- 1945
- 01:47:56,697 --> 01:48:00,132
- as courts have done before
- when the law is outdated.
- 1946
- 01:48:00,134 --> 01:48:01,867
- But in those cases,
- the courts had
- 1947
- 01:48:01,869 --> 01:48:03,437
- a clear constitutional handle.
- 1948
- 01:48:04,772 --> 01:48:08,707
- The word "woman"
- does not appear even once
- 1949
- 01:48:08,709 --> 01:48:11,345
- in the U.S. Constitution.
- 1950
- 01:48:12,513 --> 01:48:16,718
- Nor does the word "freedom,"
- Your Honor.
- 1951
- 01:48:31,901 --> 01:48:33,733
- Go on...
- 1952
- 01:48:33,735 --> 01:48:36,039
- Professor Ginsburg.
- 1953
- 01:48:41,611 --> 01:48:45,012
- The principal purpose
- of Section 214
- 1954
- 01:48:45,014 --> 01:48:47,048
- is not to protect women
- 1955
- 01:48:47,050 --> 01:48:49,050
- nor to discriminate
- against men.
- 1956
- 01:48:49,052 --> 01:48:51,853
- It is to provide caregivers
- the opportunity
- 1957
- 01:48:51,855 --> 01:48:53,621
- to work outside the home.
- 1958
- 01:48:53,623 --> 01:48:57,159
- Therefore, as the Supreme Court
- did in <i>Levy v. Louisiana,</i>
- 1959
- 01:48:57,161 --> 01:48:59,627
- this court should fix the law
- 1960
- 01:48:59,629 --> 01:49:02,764
- most in line
- with the legislative intent.
- 1961
- 01:49:02,766 --> 01:49:05,636
- Extend the deduction
- to never-married men.
- 1962
- 01:49:06,503 --> 01:49:09,607
- Help all caregivers equally.
- 1963
- 01:49:13,577 --> 01:49:16,912
- Charles Moritz was well-raised
- to be the sort of man
- 1964
- 01:49:16,914 --> 01:49:19,949
- we should all hope our sons
- will become.
- 1965
- 01:49:19,951 --> 01:49:23,485
- Charlie deserves
- our admiration.
- 1966
- 01:49:23,487 --> 01:49:25,822
- Not only has he
- taken on the burden
- 1967
- 01:49:25,824 --> 01:49:29,792
- of caring for his
- very strong-willed mother
- 1968
- 01:49:29,794 --> 01:49:32,195
- when no one would
- expect it of him,
- 1969
- 01:49:32,197 --> 01:49:36,599
- but in doing so, he has
- surpassed the limitations
- 1970
- 01:49:36,601 --> 01:49:39,736
- the rest of us and our laws
- 1971
- 01:49:39,738 --> 01:49:42,805
- seek to force upon him.
- 1972
- 01:49:42,807 --> 01:49:46,043
- We're not asking you
- to change the country.
- 1973
- 01:49:46,045 --> 01:49:49,914
- That's already happened
- without any court's permission.
- 1974
- 01:49:49,916 --> 01:49:54,820
- We're asking you to protect the
- right of the country to change.
- 1975
- 01:49:58,524 --> 01:50:02,127
- Our sons and daughters
- are barred by law
- 1976
- 01:50:02,129 --> 01:50:04,095
- from opportunities
- based on assumptions
- 1977
- 01:50:04,097 --> 01:50:05,629
- about their abilities.
- 1978
- 01:50:05,631 --> 01:50:07,798
- How will they ever disprove
- these assumptions
- 1979
- 01:50:07,800 --> 01:50:12,569
- if laws like Section 214
- are allowed to stand?
- 1980
- 01:50:12,571 --> 01:50:15,040
- We all must take these laws on,
- 1981
- 01:50:15,042 --> 01:50:17,676
- one by one,
- for as long as it takes,
- 1982
- 01:50:17,678 --> 01:50:19,711
- for their sakes.
- 1983
- 01:50:19,713 --> 01:50:22,247
- You have the power
- to set the precedent
- 1984
- 01:50:22,249 --> 01:50:25,217
- that will get us started.
- 1985
- 01:50:25,219 --> 01:50:28,755
- You can right this wrong.
- 1986
- 01:50:39,000 --> 01:50:43,035
- We rest our case
- on our briefs and argument,
- 1987
- 01:50:43,037 --> 01:50:44,770
- and ask...
- 1988
- 01:50:44,772 --> 01:50:49,142
- that you reverse
- the tax court's decision.
- 1989
- 01:51:13,035 --> 01:51:14,968
- Kiki!
- 1990
- 01:51:14,970 --> 01:51:16,636
- That was perfect.
- 1991
- 01:51:16,638 --> 01:51:19,639
- - That was perfect.
- - We don't even know who won.
- 1992
- 01:51:19,641 --> 01:51:21,878
- Doesn't matter.
- It was right.
- 1993
- 01:51:22,946 --> 01:51:25,213
- This is just the beginning.
- 1994
- 01:51:25,215 --> 01:51:26,314
- Mm!
- 1995
- 01:51:26,316 --> 01:51:27,882
- I'm gonna go gloat.
- 1996
- 01:51:30,620 --> 01:51:33,021
- - Martin. Thank you.
- - Of course, Charles.
- 1997
- 01:51:33,023 --> 01:51:34,822
- Jane.
- 1998
- 01:51:34,824 --> 01:51:37,058
- Ruth, I...
- 1999
- 01:51:37,060 --> 01:51:39,230
- - We'll be in touch.
- - Yeah.
- 2000
- 01:51:54,211 --> 01:51:55,946
- You did it.
- 2001
- 01:51:57,048 --> 01:51:59,317
- We did it.
- 2002
- 01:52:02,686 --> 01:52:04,953
- Oh, and I say we celebrate
- 2003
- 01:52:04,955 --> 01:52:08,058
- and go pick up James
- and get some pizza.
- 2004
- 01:52:19,371 --> 01:52:21,638
- <i>We'll hear arguments next</i>
- 2005
- 01:52:21,640 --> 01:52:23,274
- <i>in number four,</i>
- Reed against Reed...
- 2006
- 01:52:23,276 --> 01:52:26,243
- <i>...next in, uh, 71-1694,</i>
- 2007
- 01:52:26,245 --> 01:52:28,979
- Frontiero against Laird.
- 2008
- 01:52:28,981 --> 01:52:31,215
- ...Weinberger
- against Wiesenfeld.
- 2009
- 01:52:31,217 --> 01:52:32,749
- ...Khan against Shell.
- 2010
- 01:52:32,751 --> 01:52:35,252
- ...Edwards
- against Healy <i>and others.</i>
- 2011
- 01:52:37,256 --> 01:52:38,756
- <i>Mrs. Ginsburg.</i>
- 2012
- 01:52:38,758 --> 01:52:40,391
- <i>Mr. Chief Justice,</i>
- 2013
- 01:52:40,393 --> 01:52:41,926
- <i>and may it please the court.</i>
- 2014
- 01:52:41,928 --> 01:52:46,897
- <i>Amicus views this case as kin</i>
- <i>to</i> Reed v. Reed, <i>404 U.S.</i>
- 2015
- 01:52:46,899 --> 01:52:48,266
- <i>The sex criterion stigmatizes</i>
- 2016
- 01:52:48,268 --> 01:52:52,137
- <i>when it is used to limit
- hours of work for women only.</i>
- 2017
- 01:52:52,139 --> 01:52:55,307
- <i>It assumes that all women
- are preoccupied</i>
- 2018
- 01:52:55,309 --> 01:52:56,408
- <i>with home and children.</i>
- 2019
- 01:52:56,410 --> 01:52:58,877
- <i>These distinctions have
- a common effect.</i>
- 2020
- 01:52:58,879 --> 01:53:02,080
- <i>They help keep woman
- in her place,</i>
- 2021
- 01:53:02,082 --> 01:53:04,883
- <i>a place inferior
- to that occupied by men.</i>
- 2022
- 01:53:04,885 --> 01:53:06,818
- <i>The law must stop using sex</i>
- 2023
- 01:53:06,820 --> 01:53:08,987
- <i>as a shorthand
- for functional description.</i>
- 2024
- 01:53:08,989 --> 01:53:11,290
- <i>The judgment enjoins
- enforcement of the statute</i>
- 2025
- 01:53:11,292 --> 01:53:14,826
- <i>insofar as it discriminates
- on the basis of sex.</i>
- 2026
- 01:53:14,828 --> 01:53:17,096
- <i>...practical effect,
- laws of this quality</i>
- 2027
- 01:53:17,098 --> 01:53:19,298
- <i>help to keep women
- not on a pedestal,</i>
- 2028
- 01:53:19,300 --> 01:53:21,000
- <i>but in a cage.</i>
- 2029
- 01:53:21,002 --> 01:53:25,438
- <i>Sarah Grimké said,
- "I ask no favor for my sex.</i>
- 2030
- 01:53:25,440 --> 01:53:28,040
- <i>"All I ask of our brethren</i>
- 2031
- 01:53:28,042 --> 01:53:31,846
- <i>is that they take their feet
- off our necks."</i>
- 2032
- 02:00:06,360 --> 02:00:11,360
- Subtitles by explosiveskull
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