Why niggers are more violent than Europeans

We already have genetic explanations for why blacks are more violent than other races.

For example - At one end of the androgen receptor gene, which is alternatively labeled AR or NR3C4, there are varying amounts of the trinucleotide repeats CAG and GGC. Blacks possess less of these CAG repeats.

Fewer CAG repeats causes increased transactivation of the receptor (meaning that the receptor became more activated to increase gene expression), see the research here:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8065934

Cortisol responses are another area that highlight racial differences in behavior. a new study by Way and Taylor has found that the short allele of 5-HTTLPR causes increased cortisol responses to a perceived social threat provided by the Trier Social Stress Test.

http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/bps/article/PIIS0006322309012724/abstract

Also, a new study by Armbruster et al found that the 7R allele of DRD4 causes lower cortisol responses and that this allele interacted with the long allele of 5-HTTLPR to lower cortisol response to social stress.

http://www.citeulike.org/group/6880/article/6445652

Beaver et al determined that African-Americans have significantly more 7R alleles than whites. The possibility that low cortisol levels in African Americans could be partly genetic has important implications for research on the genetics of violence.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1913922/pdf/1744-9081-3-30.pdf

Indeed, in 2008 Rajender et al determined that male control subjects average 21.19 repeats, rapists average 18.44 repeats, murderers average 17.59 repeats, and men who murder after they finish raping average 17.31 repeats.

http://www.springerlink.com/content/50x2125530hku64l/fulltext.pdf?page=1

The shortest repeat lengths are associated with a higher degree of violence, earlier criminal records, verbal aggression, assertive personalities, extraversion, neuroticism, and self-transcendence (mystical tendencies).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448851

Sjoberg et al proved that higher testosterone levels increased aggressive tendencies in males with the 3R allele that is the most common MAOA allele in black people but did not increase aggression in males with the 4R allele that is the most common MAOA allele in whites.

http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n2/pdf/1301417a.pdf

To summarize, African Americans have fewer CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene, which somehow increases testosterone spikes. Higher testosterone decreases MAOA enzyme levels in those with the 3-repeat allele. Plus, androgen receptor alleles with fewer CAG repeats beget more androgen receptor activity. These receptors translocate to the cell nucleus and down-regulate the MAOA gene. African Americans likely have a significant genetic component to their lower baseline cortisol levels and lower cortisol spikes in response to threats. This further allows higher testosterone levels and decreases MAOA levels directly.


Race And Violent Behaviour
Race, not socioeconomic status, is a greater predictor of violent crime:
>"The correlation with a composite of total violent crime was higher with skin color(r = .55), a more biologically influenced variable than with GDP(r = −.17), a more culturally influenced variable:"
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289611000900

Aggression is familial and heritable:
>"The heritability of antisocial behavior and associated traits has been confirmed by twin and adoption studies, with current estimates indicating that genetic factors account for between 40% and 50% of population variance in risk."
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166223608000398

In summary, in cases of antisocial behaviour around 40% and 50% is due to genetic factors with, in this case, several genetic variants, as well as the environment, interacting with one another:

Healthy male control subjects average 21.19 CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene:
Rapists average 18.44 repeats
Murderers average 17.59 repeats
Men who murder after they finish raping average 17.31 repeats

>In short, our study suggests that the reduced CAG repeats in the AR gene are associated with criminal behavior. This, along with other studies, would help in understanding the biological factors associated with the antisocial or criminal activities.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/50x2125530hku64l/fulltext.pdf?page=1

At one end of the androgen receptor gene there are varying amounts of the trinucleotide repeats CAG and GGC. The most frequent average CAG repeats observed in the AR gene were:
21 CAG repeats in whites
18 CAG repeats in blacks
22 CAG repeats in Asians
http://jag.igr.poznan.pl/2005-Volume-46/2/pdf/2005_Volume_46_2-237-239.pdf

Fewer CAG repeats causes increased transactivation of the receptor(meaning that the receptor became more activated to increase gene expression):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8065934

The shortest repeat lengths are associated with a higher degree of violence, earlier criminal records, verbal aggression, assertive personalities, extraversion, neuroticism, and self-transcendence(mystical tendencies):
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448851

Cortisol responses
The short allele of 5-HTTLPR causes increased cortisol responses to a perceived social threat provided by the Trier Social Stress Test:
http://www.journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/bps/article/PIIS0006322309012724/abstract

A new study found that the 7R allele of DRD4 causes lower cortisol responses and that this allele interacted with the long allele of 5-HTTLPR to lower cortisol response to social stress:
http://www.citeulike.org/group/6880/article/6445652

African-Americans have significantly more 7R alleles than whites:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1913922/pdf/1744-9081-3-30.pdf

Those(7R+) display behavioral phenotypes associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alcoholism, financial risk-taking [34], disinhibition and impulsivity [24], and sexual behavior:
ADHD: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162#pone.0014162-Li1
Alcoholism: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162#pone.0014162-MacKillop1
Alcoholism (again): http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162#pone.0014162-Ray1
Financial Risk-Taking: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162#pone.0014162-Dreber1
Disinhibition and Impulsivity: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162#pone.0014162-Congdon1
Sexual Behaviour:
Associations between Dopamine Receptor D4 (DRD4) Gene Variation with Both Infidelity and Sexual Promiscuity:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0014162

Higher testosterone levels increased aggressive tendencies in males with the 3R allele that is the most common MAOA allele in black people but did not increase aggression in males with the 4R allele that is the most common MAOA allele in whites:
http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n2/pdf/1301417a.pdf

>To summarise, blacks have fewer CAG repeats in the androgen receptor gene, which increases testosterone spikes. Higher testosterone decreases MAOA enzyme levels in those with the 3-repeat allele. Plus, androgen receptor alleles with fewer CAG repeats beget more androgen receptor activity. These receptors translocate to the cell nucleus and down-regulate the MAOA gene. Africans likely have a significant genetic component to their lower baseline cortisol levels and lower cortisol spikes in response to threats.

Serum estrogen, but not testosterone levels, differ between black and white men in a nationally representative sample of Americans:
>"Given these findings, it may be equally if not more important to investigate estradiol as testosterone in relation to diseases with racial disparity."
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17456570/

Is "Female" Hormone A Key Factor In Male Aggression?
>Research into the effects of hormones on male aggression typically focuses on testosterone and other "male" hormones, but a new study indicates that one form of estrogen-estradiol also plays an important role.

>Estradiol levels were positively associated, in both aggressive men and controls, with the use of emotional negotiation during conflicts.
>Estradiol, but not testosterone, was associated with psychological aggression in both aggressive men and controls.

Their results, they say:
>"support the hypothesis that regulation of human violent behavior may involve the deliberate balance between male androgens and female estrogens."
http://www.crimetimes.org/04b/w04bp8.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14633647

Thus, varying levels of testosterone are largely determined by the incredibly haphazard process of embryonic development, but blacks have higher serum (Estradiol - female hormone) testosterone because they don't have as many brain receptors as other races, which makes blacks more susceptible.

Insulin Differs Between Ethnicities, Study Finds:
>People have differing abilities to release and react to insulin depending on ethnicity:
http://medicalxpress.com/news/2013-06-insulin-differs-ethnicities.html
--
Hispanics are often included in the recorded crimes committed by "whites" by both the BJS and FBI.

Although the FBI will finally begin to track Latino perpetrators next year:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/25/fbi-latino-arrests_n_3492521.html

This is why there has been a recent "increase" in the incarceration of "whites:"
http://gawker.com/5987617/were-locking-up-fewer-black-people-and-more-white-people

This means that the crime disparity between blacks and whites will highly likely be even greater.

Racial Profiling: Blacks Are UNDERSTOPPED Compared To Their Felony Crime Rates
Racial disparity in drug arrests: The vast majority of arrests for marijuana possession are the byproduct of being apprehended for an unrelated, more serious crime:
>While illicit drugs are implicated in three quarters of incarcerations (75.9 percent), few inmates are incarcerated for marijuana possession as their controlling or only offense.
http://www.casacolumbia.org/articlefiles/575-report2010behindbars2.pdf

False ACLU report: Blacks in South Carolina arrested at nearly three times rate of whites for marijuana possession in 2010:
https://www.aclu.org/files/assets/aclu-thewaronmarijuana-rel2.pdf
Follow up:
>"This is biased research," Charleston County Sheriff Al Cannon said.
>"This is a case of someone starting off with a theory and then interpreting the facts to support that theory." Cannon said it's hard to make judgments about the numbers without knowing the stories behind the arrests. "If you look at the folks in the jail who are charged with marijuana possession, it's almost never the sole charge," he said. "It's usually marijuana found incidentally to an arrest on a number of other charges."
http://www.postandcourier.com/article/20130606/PC16/130609519

Simply, harsher prison sentences for marijuana possession are likely the result of having prior convictions.


Distorting the Truth About Crime and Race, by Heather Mac Donald:
>The New York Times's front page story this week on the New York Police Department and its allegedly racist stop-and-frisk practices follows a well-worn template: give specific racial breakdowns for every aspect of police behavior, but refer to racial crime rates only in the most attenuated of terms.

>This formula, which carefully brackets a non-specific statement about crime rates as what the police department says, as opposed to simply what the facts are, is by now standard Times practice:

>February 11, 2010: "Police officials have said that while a large percentage of the street stops involve blacks, an even larger percentage of crimes involve suspects described as black by their victims."

>May 13, 2009: "On Tuesday, Mr. Browne said that the stops 'comport by race proportionally with descriptions provided by crime victims.'"

>February 11, 2009: "The police have said that while a large percentage of the stops involve black people, an even larger percentage of crimes involve suspects described as black by their victims."

>May 6, 2008: "The police have said that while a large percentage of the street stops involve black people, an even larger percentage of crimes involve suspects described as black by their victims."

Here are the crime data that the Times doesn't want its readers to know:
>Blacks committed 66 percent of all violent crimes in the first half of 2009 (though they were only 55 percent of all stops and only 23 percent of the city's population).

>Blacks committed 80 percent of all shootings in the first half of 2009. Together, blacks and Hispanics committed 98 percent of all shootings.

>Blacks committed nearly 70 percent of all robberies. Whites, by contrast, committed 5 percent of all violent crimes in the first half of 2009, though they are 35 percent of the city's population (and were 10 percent of all stops). They committed 1.8 percent of all shootings and less than 5 percent of all robberies. The face of violent crime in New York, in other words, like in every other large American city, is almost exclusively black and brown.

>Any given violent crime is 13 times more likely to be committed by a black than by a white perpetrator-a fact that would have been useful to include in the Times's lead, which stated that "Blacks and Latinos were nine times as likely as whites to be stopped."

>These crime data are not some artifact that the police devise out of their skewed racial mindset. They are what the victims of those crimes-the vast majority of whom are minority themselves-report to the police.
http://www.city-journal.org/2010/eon0514hm.html