# indexing
y = 'frog'
print(y[1])
sx = ['pig', 'cow', 'horse']
print(sx[1])


# slicing [start: end+1: step]
x = 'computer'
print(x[1:4])   # items 1 to 3
print(x[1:6:2])  # items 1,3,5
print(x[3:])  # items 3 to end
print(x[:5])  # items 0 to 4
print(x[-1])   # last item
print(x[-3:])  # last 3 items
print(x[:-2])   #  all except last 2 items

# adding / concatenating
# combine 2 sequences of the same type using
io = 'horse' + 'shoe'   # string
print(io)
sz = ['cow', 'horse'] + ['buffalo']
print(sz)
# multiplying
ax = 'bug'*3
print(ax)

# checking membership: test whether an item is in or not in a sequence
xx ='bug'
print('u' in xx)
sxx = ['pig', 'cow', 'horse']
print('cow' not in sxx)

# iterating through the items in a sequence
xp = [7,8,3] # item
for item in xp:
    print(item*2)
# index & item
for index, item in enumerate(xp):
    print(index, item)

# find the minim item (alpha or numeric types, but cannot mix types
ty = 'bug'
print(min(ty))
sxh = ['pig', 'cow', 'horse']
print(min(sxh)) # cow

# find the maximum item in sequence (alpha or numeric types, but cannot mix types
tyy = 'bug'
print(max(ty))
sxhh = ['pig', 'cow', 'horse']
print(max(sxh))

# sum (find the sum of items in a sequence+ entire seq must be a num type
tyu = [5,7, 'bug']
# print(sum(tyu)) # error
tyuu = [5,6,7.0]
print(sum(tyuu))
print(sum(tyuu[-2:]))

# sorting (returns a new list of items in sorted order)/ does not change the original list
gh = 'bug'
print(sorted(gh))
ghy = ['king kong', 'ghidorah', 'godzilla']
print(sorted(ghy))

# count (item)
yu = 'hippo'
print(yu.count('p'))
yuut = ['king kong', 'ghidorah', 'godzilla', 'godzilla']
print(yuut.count('godzilla'))

# index returns the index of the first occurrence of an item
fj = 'hiphop'
print(fj.index('p'))
fjj = ['king kong', 'ghidorah', 'godzilla', 'godzilla']
print(fjj.index('godzilla'))

# unpacking: unpack n items of a seq into n variables
unp = ['king kong', 'ghidorah', 'godzilla', 'godzilla']
a,b,c, d= unp
print(a,b,c,d)