pyTurtleClock

# Real-Time Analogue Clock
# Mike Kerry - Feb 2022 - acclivity2@gmail.com

import turtle           # turtle library used to draw clock face and hands
import time             # time library used to access in-world local time

# A function to draw numbers on the clock face. Used for drawing "3", "6", "9" and "12"
def draw_number(t, x, y, txt):
    # 't' is the turtle to use. x, y = position on the screen. 'txt' contains the number to draw
    t.up()              # Lift turtle so it can be moved into position without leaving a trail
    t.goto(x, y)        # Position turtle where the text is to be written
    t.down()            # lower the turtle ready for writing
    t.color("white")    # select the colour
    t.write(txt)        # write the text on the clock face

# A function used for drawing any of the hands (second, minute, or hour hand)
def draw_hand(t, angle, tint, thick, size):
    # 't' is the turtle to use. 'angle' is the clockwise rotation from 12.
    # 'thick' is the width of the line to draw, and 'size' is the length to draw.
    t.up()
    t.goto(0, 0)        # go silently to clock centre
    # Here we convert the conventional clock-wise angle to a turtle-compatible angle
    # which is anti-clockwise from the '3' position
    t.setheading((90 - angle) % 360)     # Convert angle to turtle-compatible angle
    t.color(tint)                        # set the colour for the hand
    t.down()
    t.pensize(thick)                     # set the line thickness
    t.forward(size)                      # draw the hand

# Set the colour of the clock face. Most common colours can be specified as a text string
turtle.bgcolor("dark blue")

# Define three turtles for drawing different parts of the clock.
turtle1 = turtle.Turtle()       # define a turtle for the clock face
turtle1.hideturtle()            # hide the turtle itself
turtle1.speed(0)                # tell the turtle to operate at full speed

turtle2 = turtle.Turtle()       # define a 2nd turtle for the Second hand
turtle2.hideturtle()
turtle2.speed(0)

turtle3 = turtle.Turtle()       # define a 3rd turtle for the Hour amd Minute hands
turtle3.hideturtle()
turtle3.speed(0)

# Draw markers all around the clock face
turtle1.color("cyan")           # turtle1 is used for the minute markers
for ang in range(0, 360, 6):    # A marker is needed every 6 degrees
    turtle1.up()
    turtle1.goto(0, 0)          # go silently to the clock centre
    turtle1.setheading(ang)
    if ang % 30:                # Draw the minute markers
        turtle1.forward(208)    # move forward without writing a line
        turtle1.down()
        turtle1.forward(2)      # write the short marker

    else:                       # for every 5 minute position
        turtle1.forward(200)
        turtle1.down()
        turtle1.forward(10)     # write the longer marker

# Draw four numbers around the clock face
# x,y positions are carefully chosen for good alignment with the clock hands
draw_number(turtle1, -6, 210, "12")
draw_number(turtle1, 215, -8, "3")
draw_number(turtle1, -3, -230, "6")
draw_number(turtle1, -220, -8, "9")

# Initialise two memory variables
lastsec = -1
last_min_angle = -1
while True:             # Define an infinite loop
    h, m, s = time.localtime()[3:6]     # Extract hours, minutes, seconds from the time object
    if s == lastsec:
        continue            # wait for next second to arrive
    lastsec = s             # remember the latest second value
    second_angle = s * 6    # Second hand moves 6 degrees per second
    minute_angle = m * 6    # Minute hand moves 6 degrees per minute
    # adjust minute angle according to current seconds value
    # e.g. at 30 seconds, minute angle will have increased by 3 degrees
    minute_angle += s // 10

    hour_angle = (h % 12) * 30     # Hour hand moves 30 degrees per hour
    # Adjust hour angle according to the current minute value
    # e.g. 30 minutes will add 15 degrees to hour angle
    hour_angle += m // 2

    # Remove the previous Second hand and draw it in its new position
    turtle2.clear()     # turtle2 is used for the second hand only
    # the second hand is  white line, 1 pixel wide, and 180 pixels long
    draw_hand(turtle2, second_angle, "white", 1, 180)

    # When Minute hand moves, remove the last Minute and Hour hands and redraw both
    if minute_angle != last_min_angle:
        turtle3.clear()     # turtle3 is used for both the minute and hour hands
        draw_hand(turtle3, hour_angle, "red", 4, 120)
        draw_hand(turtle3, minute_angle, "red", 4, 160)
        last_min_angle = minute_angle       # remember the latest minute value