2015-09-02 Core: 8 historical mysteries

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
(This is the Core class.)
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REMEMBER: 15-minute breaks today (second half starts at 10:45, modules at 12:30, 1:30, 2:30)
	(I think your email was incorrect.)
ALSO: No School Monday, September 7 (Labor Day). (We will have our test on Tuesday.)
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Homework: p. 96-97 - read the article about desert art and do part 1
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He said, “I won’t be here.” -> He said that he wouldn’t be here.
I said, “I won’t be here.” -> I said that I wouldn’t be here.
She told me, “You need to study more.” -> She told me that I needed to study more.
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p. 96 part 1
1 ancient
2 period
3 prehistoric = before history = before people started writing things
4 century (1st century = 1-100, 2nd century = 101-200, …, 20th century = 1901-2000)
5 sacred
6 society (social, socialism, socialize, social-)
belief/believe, relief/relieve, life/live
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astronomical = adjective from “astronomy”, which is the science of the stars
spacecraft = a craft (vehicle) that goes in outer space
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p. 96 part 2 - listen to part of a radio show and answer the questions
1 drawings on the ground
2 in the desert in Peru
3 huge: the biggest is 650 feet across
4 geometric shapes, but some animal and human shapes
5 hundreds (over 200 square miles)
6 2000 years old
7 by removing reddish brown stones from on top of white soil
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astronomy -> astronomical
history -> historical
anatomy -> anatomical
type -> typical
economy -> economical
metallurgy -> metallurgical
logic -> logical
music -> musical
politics -> political
ceremony -> ceremonial
education -> educational (national, regional, positional, etc.)

mystery -> mysterious
religion -> religious
infection -> infectious (this comes from the verb “infect”, not the noun “infection”)
fury -> furious
monster -> monstrous
courage -> courageous
(bravery <- brave)
poison -> poisonous
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(verb -> adjective with ‘able’)
edible (“eatable” isn’t a word)
potable = safe to drink
drinkable = pleasant to drink
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neologism = new word
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Modals for speculation/deduction about the past are the same as for the present, but with “have” and the past participle to tell us it’s about the past:
He just ran a marathon. He must be very tired now.
He ran a marathon yesterday. He must have been very tired after it.

With “must have” and “must not have”, I would be surprised if my guess was incorrect.

With “may”, “might”, “could”, “may not”, and “might not”, I would not be surprised if my guess was incorrect. I don’t have strong enough evidence to be sure.

With “can’t have” and “couldn’t have”, I wouldn’t believe you if you told me I was wrong, because I don’t think it’s possible. (I would need more evidence.)
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p. 97 part 8 - rewrite the sentences using one of the modals in parentheses
1 (We know that) water can’t have been easy to find.
2 (It’s possible that) the rivers might have dried up.
3 (There’s no doubt) the lines must have been very important.
4 (Perhaps) the lines may have had a religious significance.
5 Animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 (Obviously) the animals must have lived in the region.
7 (One possibility is that) the Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 (It seems clear that) people must have maintained the lines carefully.

[modal] + have + past participle
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He may have called me. I don’t know because I was in the shower.
He might have called me. I don’t know because I was in the shower.
He could have called me. I don’t know because I was in the shower.
= Maybe he called me, but I don’t know.

He might have called me, instead of waiting for someone else to tell me.
He could have called me, instead of waiting for someone else to tell me.
He should have called me, instead of waiting for someone else to tell me.
= It was possible or advisable for him to call me, but he didn’t do it.
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BREAK
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p. 97 part 9 - what do you know about these things/places?
part 10 - What are some speculations you can make about the people 2000 years ago in Nazca, based on finding these things
hide - hid - hidden
They must not have had banks.
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p. 166 practice 1 - Complete the sentences with must (not), may (not), might (not), could (not), can’t
1 must be
2 could be / may be / might be
3 must not live
4 could have / may have / might have
5 must recognize
6 couldn’t be / can’t be (/ must not be - if I think maybe it lost two legs)
7 The aurora borealis is unpredictable so we may not see / might not see any lights tonight.
8 must be coming
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p. 167 practice 2 - choose the correct option (we will check it tomorrow)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
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Homework: read the article on p. 99 and do p. 98 parts 2, 3, 4