German Pronunciation

https://studygerman.io/pronunciation 📓

Ending -ig and -er ___________________________
https://studygerman.io/pronunciation/ig-er

Ending -ig
wichtig	/ˈvɪçtɪç/	important  (Like "-ich")
König	/ˈkøːnɪç/	king   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig#Pronunciation

Ending -er
For -er, relax the R into a soft "uh": Lehrer → Leh-ruh, Wasser → Was-suh.
Wasser	/ˈvasɐ/   water
Besser/ˈbɛsɐ/   better
Lehrer	/ˈleːʁɐ/  teacher  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Lehrer#Pronunciation

German CH Sound  ____________________________
https://studygerman.io/pronunciation/ch-sound

Soft 'ch' (ich-sound)
ich	I       https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ich#Pronunciation_5
Milch	milk 🥛   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Milch#Pronunciation
sprechen  to speak   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sprechen#Pronunciation
durch  through    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/durch#Pronunciation_2

Hard 'ch' (ach-sound)
Bach	brook    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bach#Pronunciation_3
Buch	book 📗  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Buch#Pronunciation_3
machen  to make   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/machen#Pronunciation_2

learn german online
https://www.learngermanonline.org/pronunciation/

The Ach-Laut (hard ch)
After the back vowels a, o, u and the diphthong au, ch is similar to the "ch" in Scottish "loch."
Buch 📗 (book) -- "bookh"
Nacht (night) -- "nakht"   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nacht#Pronunciation
auch (also) -- "owkh"
Kuchen 🍰 (cake) -- "KOO-khen"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Kuchen#Pronunciation

Vowel Length Rules _____________________________

Long vowel
O  Boot	/boːt/	boat 🚤  https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/german-english/boot
E  mehr   /meːɐ/  more   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/mehr#Pronunciation
E  sehen	/ˈzeːən/	to see
I  bieten /ˈbiːtən/ to offer (long i) https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bieten#Pronunciation_2
U  Schule  /ˈʃuːlə/  school 🏫

DW deutsch wunder 📓 _________________________________________
https://deutschwunder.com/blog/german-pronunciation-guide
😺 German Pronunciation Guide: How to Sound Like a Native ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Long vowels
A	Vater (father)	"ah" as in "father"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vater#Pronunciation
E	See (lake)	"ay" as in "say"   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/See#Pronunciation_3
I	        	"ee" as in "see"
O	Sohn (son)	"oh" as in "so"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sohn#Pronunciation
U	Schule (school)	"oo" as in "moon"

https://www.learngermanonline.org/pronunciation/
Long U
Buch 📗
Kur, ruhig, Ufer

Short vowels
A   Mann (man)	"a" as in "must“   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mann#Pronunciation_3
E   Bett 🛏️ (bed)	"e" as in "bet"   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bett#Pronunciation_3
I   Mitte (middle)	"i" as in "bit"
O   Sonne 🌞(sun)	"o" as in "lot"   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Sonne#Pronunciation
U   Mutter (mother)	"oo" as in "foot"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Mutter#Pronunciation

https://studygerman.io/pronunciation/vowel-length
Short vowel
I  Mitte	/ˈmɪtə/	middle
A  lang	/laŋ/	long   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/lang#Pronunciation_8
E  Bett	/bɛt/	bed 🛏️

https://www.learngermanonline.org/pronunciation/
Short U
unter    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/unter#Pronunciation
Luft, lustig, Wunsch

Umlaut Pronunciation

über (over) -- "OO-ber"   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%BCber#Pronunciation
Tür 🚪 (door) -- "toor"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/T%C3%BCr#Pronunciation
grün 🟢 (green) -- "groon"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gr%C3%BCn#Pronunciation_2

Ö (o-Umlaut)
schön (beautiful)   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sch%C3%B6n#Pronunciation_3
hören (to hear)     https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/h%C3%B6ren#Pronunciation

learn german online
https://www.learngermanonline.org/pronunciation/

Short Ö
Hölle  hell
können 🫅🏻   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/k%C3%B6nnen#Pronunciation
Löffel 🥄   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/L%C3%B6ffel#Pronunciation_2
öffnen  open  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%B6ffnen#Pronunciation

Long Ö
böse  👿   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/b%C3%B6se#Pronunciation
Kröte 🐸
Löwe 🦁   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/L%C3%B6we#Pronunciation

Umlaut Pronunciation Guide ____________________________
https://studygerman.io/pronunciation/umlauts

Mädchen	/ˈmɛːtçən/ girl 👧🏻  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/M%C3%A4dchen#Pronunciation
Bär	bear 🐻        https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/B%C3%A4r#Pronunciation
schön	beautiful   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sch%C3%B6n#Pronunciation_3
über	over       https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%C3%BCber#Pronunciation
Glück	luck/happiness   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gl%C3%BCck#Pronunciation
Häuser /ˈhɔyzɐ/ houses 🏠🏠    https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/H%C3%A4user#Pronunciation

learn german online
https://www.learngermanonline.org/pronunciation/ 📓 ______________________________________

EI, AI, AY, EY are all pronounced like the English word “eye” or the Y in “by” or “my”
AU is pronounced like the OU in “house” or the OW in “brow” or “crown
EU, ÄU are pronounced like the OY in “annoy” or “boy” or “Troy”.

https://studygerman.io/pronunciation 📓

S, ß, and Z Sounds _________________________
https://studygerman.io/pronunciation/s-ss-z

S at start (before vowel)
sagen	/ˈzaːɡən/  say   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sagen#Pronunciation_2

S between vowels varies
reisen	/ˈʁaɪzən/	Often /z/

groß  /ɡʁoːs/   big   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gro%C3%9F#Pronunciation_2
Straße	/ˈʃtʁaːsə/   street

Z is always "ts" — practice Zahl, Zimmer, Platz.
Zahl	/tsaːl/	Like "ts"  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zahl#Pronunciation
Platz  /plats/   square, plaza

B: This letter is pronounced as it is in English, except a final B is pronounced more like a P. The word halb (“half”) is pronounced as if it were spelled halp.

CHS is a separated KS sound. Examples include, wachsen, sechs, Fuchs.

D: This letter is pronounced as it is in English, except a final D is pronounced more like a T. The word Rad (“wheel”) is pronounced as if it were spelled Rat.

J: This letter is pronounced like the English initial Y in “yes”.

V: This letter is pronounced like F except in a few borrowed words (Vase).

W: This letter is pronounced like V in English.

Z: This letter is pronounced like TS in “sits” or “tsunami”.

Appendix:German pronunciation
the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents German pronunciations in Wiktionary entries.
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_pronunciation
German consonant pronunciation

IPA	Examples	      English approximation
/ç/	ich, durch	      hue (h)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/durch#Pronunciation_2
/f/	Vogel /ˈfoːɡəl/   fuss (f)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Vogel#Pronunciation
/j/ ja /jäː/          yard (y)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ja#Pronunciation_10
/k/	kalt, Tag /taːk/  cold (c)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tag#Pronunciation
/p/ hab /haːp/        puck(p)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hab#Pronunciation
/ʃ/	Schal🧣 Stein	  shall (sh)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Stein#Pronunciation_2
/t͡s/ Zahl /tsaːl/     cats (ts)   https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zahl#German
/v/	was /vas/         vanish (v)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/was#Pronunciation_4
/x/: [x], [χ] Bach    loch (Scottish) (ch)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Bach#Pronunciation_3
/z/	Hase /ˈhaːzə/      hose (s)  https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hase#Pronunciation