[17:02:30] %polynesian: hey guys! so yeah today I’m gonna be talking a bit about the Hawaiian language, its origins and its modern-day usage. if you have any questions about anything I’m discussing, please go ahead and ask
[17:02:41] YeesusIsDaMvp: ayy
[17:02:42] YeesusIsDaMvp: lecture
[17:02:46] %polynesian: with that being said though, I will allocate a bit of time at the end for a general Q&A if need be, so there’ll be plenty of time to discuss :D
[17:02:48] sentimentality: OM on c om so?
[17:02:51] sentimentality: *in
[17:02:59] @OM~!: can I not join rooms
[17:03:00] @OM~!: wtf
[17:03:03] %polynesian: anyways, without any further ado, let’s jump right into the lecture - hope you all enjoy!
[17:03:12] +Tom / Fox Mask: lecture hype, go poly
[17:03:26] %polynesian: so as the name suggests, the Hawaiian language takes its name from Hawai’i (Big Island), the largest island of the U.S. State of Hawaii, where the language first originated and developed
[17:03:27] +Geene: Go away om >:c
[17:03:48] %polynesian: Hawaiian is an official language of Hawaii, and that makes Hawaii the only U.S. State to have two official languages (the other being English)
[17:04:15] %polynesian: in its heyday, the Hawaiian language had almost one million native fluent speakers across the islands. today, that number is less than 10,000
[17:04:19] %polynesian: :c
[17:04:33] %polynesian: so how did this happen? well let’s begin by taking a look at the history of the Hawaiian language, and by extension Hawaii itself
[17:04:58] %polynesian: the earliest form of the language was brought to the islands by Polynesian migration, specifically the Marquesans wayfinders, sometime around 300 AD
[17:05:08] +Lou: Oh
[17:05:17] +Lou: Everything makes sense now...
[17:05:31] +Tom / Fox Mask: well, yeah
[17:05:33] +Tom / Fox Mask: hawaiians are polynesians
[17:05:36] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/3DzlhN.png, as you can see, the distance between the Marquesans Islands and Hawaii is pretty vast - 3,760km (2,336 miles) to be precise!
[17:05:36] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/3DzlhN.png"><img src="https://vgy.me/3DzlhN.png" width="282" height="300"/></a><br/><i>as you can see, the distance between the Marquesans Islands and Hawaii is pretty vast - 3, 760km (2, 336 miles) to be precise!</i></div>
[17:06:17] sentimentality: also OM to answer your question, no ;)
[17:06:28] %polynesian: this extreme degree of geographic isolation allowed the primitive language of 4th-century Hawaii to really develop and grow unique characteristics compared to other Austronesian languages, like Tahitian and Maori
[17:06:48] @OM~!: :eyes:
[17:07:21] %polynesian: following the initial Polynesian migration, Hawaii remained relatively isolated from external powers and politics for almost 2000 years
[17:07:54] %polynesian: for all this time, Hawaiian had retained a rich legacy of being a strictly oral, spoken language i.e. no written records or alphabet
[17:08:15] %polynesian: that all changed with the introduction of this man:
[17:08:22] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/3fUmnP.jpg
[17:08:22] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/3fUmnP.jpg"><img src="https://vgy.me/3fUmnP.jpg" width="220" height="276"/></a></div>
[17:08:28] %polynesian: does anyone know who this guy is??
[17:08:30] damnright ❆: james cook
[17:08:34] damnright ❆: right?
[17:08:35] %polynesian: bingo!
[17:09:06] %polynesian: so yeah, the British explorer James Cook and his shipmen became the first ever Western people to record the existence of Hawaiian when they arrived on the island of Kauai on January 18, 1778
[17:09:46] %polynesian: now you may be thinking: “huh I bet this is when English starts to become the dominant language in Hawaii”
[17:10:07] %polynesian: however, the opposite happened :o
[17:10:08] %Sundar S: Honestly, I was thinking if the British might influence the current power of Hawaii
[17:10:15] %Sundar S: And turn it into a colony
[17:10:44] %Sundar S: Sorry, you may continue
[17:10:50] %polynesian: interesting you mentioned that actually Sundar
[17:11:25] %polynesian: allow me to make a brief aside, a lot of the pacific islands weren't claimed because the british explorers had no orders to colonize
[17:11:36] %polynesian: they were mainly for surveying and establishing trade routes
[17:11:56] %polynesian: the british empire may have been dicks but they recognized another kingdom when they met one, and more or less left hawaii to be hawaii
[17:12:40] %polynesian: but anyway yeah, ever since Cook arrived, Hawaiian as a language grew strength by strength thanks to the help of Western missionaries
[17:13:02] %polynesian: they were the ones who standardized and published the first ever written version of the language c. 1820
[17:13:33] %polynesian: during the early 19th century, Hawaii (as its own independent kingdom) had achieved literacy rates beyond any developed superpower
[17:13:58] %polynesian: whereas the world average literacy rate in 1820 was ~12%, 90% of Hawaiians could read and write the Hawaiian language
[17:14:29] %polynesian: this high literacy rate sparked incredible developments in education, communication, and culture within the kingdom
[17:14:40] %Sundar S: Woah, that's a huge difference.
[17:15:17] %polynesian: this is highlighted in the famous declaration by then-King of Hawaii, Kamehameha III, in 1837: “he aupuni palapala ko‘u”
[17:15:32] %polynesian: or, in english, "my proud kingdom is a kingdom of education"
[17:16:09] %polynesian: 3 years prior to this declaration, in 1834, Hawaii began printing and publishing its first national newspaper, based in Maui: Ka Lama Hawaii
[17:16:22] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/wIEWOP.gif
[17:16:23] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/wIEWOP.gif"><img src="https://vgy.me/wIEWOP.gif" width="274" height="300"/></a></div>
[17:16:37] %polynesian: in doing so, it holds the record of being the first newspaper ever printed west of the Rocky Mountains ~~get rekt California~~
[17:17:52] %polynesian: following the establishment of a national press, missionaries also aided the kingdom in publishing an official Hawaiian vocabulary, grammar, and the first English-Hawaiian dictionary during the mid-1800s
[17:18:32] %polynesian: the high levels of education across all the islands, along with help of Western missionaries, created this intellectual enlightenment, and everyone thought that the good times will never end…
[17:18:52] %polynesian: __enter stage left:__
[17:18:57] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/W58sAq.jpg
[17:18:57] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/W58sAq.jpg"><img src="https://vgy.me/W58sAq.jpg" width="220" height="261"/></a></div>
[17:19:21] %polynesian: if you don’t recognize this individual, this moustached man is Lorrin A. Thurston - a former prominent American businessman
[17:19:39] %Sundar S: Let me guess, he came there to Hawaii to set up trading posts as well?
[17:19:52] %polynesian: not just trading posts
[17:19:59] %polynesian: he, along with a group of other American businessmen with vested interests in the kingdom’s natural resources, drafted the 1887 Bayonet Constitution
[17:20:49] %polynesian: this essentially forced the current King of Hawaii Kalākaua to sign a contract that stripped the monarchy of pretty much all its national sovereignty
[17:21:07] %Sundar S: That's so stupid
[17:21:11] %polynesian: and in doing so handed power to Western, primarily American, business groups and politicians - such as Thurston
[17:21:30] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/duggCJ.jpg, King David Kalākaua - the last King of Hawaii
[17:21:30] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/duggCJ.jpg"><img src="https://vgy.me/duggCJ.jpg" width="251" height="300"/></a><br/><i>King David Kalākaua - the last King of Hawaii</i></div>
[17:21:46] %polynesian: to make it clear, he was coerced into signing
[17:22:31] %Sundar S: So basically threatened? Sorry for asking these questions, I'm just really curious
[17:22:49] %polynesian: yeah
[17:22:56] %Sundar S: That's just so low
[17:22:57] %polynesian: they had armed militia that threatened him to sign
[17:22:57] %Sundar S: honestly
[17:22:57] damnright ❆: thorton is a prick
[17:23:04] %polynesian: or he'd be "deposed"
[17:23:07] %polynesian: damnright wbk
[17:23:45] %polynesian: so this whole thing created a rapidly escalating chain of political dominos, culminating with the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893 and the American annexation of Hawaii just 5 years afterwards
[17:24:55] %polynesian: between the coup and the annexation, the islands were under de facto American control anyway, and as such was victim to a series of imperialist policies and decrees under President William McKinley
[17:25:09] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/wVyLHc.jpg, U.S. President McKinley
[17:25:10] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/wVyLHc.jpg"><img src="https://vgy.me/wVyLHc.jpg" width="360" height="300"/></a><br/><i>U.S. President McKinley</i></div>
[17:25:13] damnright ❆: i gtg :(, sorry lilo
[17:25:14] %polynesian: hot stuff xox
[17:25:17] %polynesian: cya DR! np
[17:25:19] %Sundar S: Cya later DR
[17:25:34] %polynesian: so you may be wondering
[17:25:37] %Sundar S: Anyways, did the annexation of Hawaii make an impact towards the Hawaiian language
[17:25:41] %polynesian: lilo, this is all neat and stuff, but how did it ma-
[17:25:49] %polynesian: sundar the psychic
[17:25:54] %Sundar S: lol
[17:25:57] +Tom / Fox Mask: bye dr
[17:26:09] %polynesian: during this period was the introduction of a new law that banned the use of the Hawaiian language in any public school
[17:26:17] %Sundar S: That's so bs
[17:26:21] +Tom / Fox Mask: damn, that's harsh lilo
[17:26:23] %polynesian: those children that disobeyed would be given physical beatings, withheld food and drink, and denied visits home
[17:26:32] +Tom / Fox Mask: DAMN
[17:26:42] %Sundar S: It reminds me of when the English took over America
[17:26:44] +Tom / Fox Mask: I get not teaching Hawaiian in school, at least kind of
[17:26:49] %Sundar S: I feel sorry for those Native Americans
[17:26:49] +Tom / Fox Mask: but those punishment are just... wow
[17:27:02] %polynesian: yeah it's very similar to how NAs were treated, Sundar S
[17:27:24] %polynesian: from this point on, the Hawaiian language wouldn’t be heard in schools for nearly a century, until the 1978 Hawaiian State Constitutional Convention re-legalized its use
[17:27:45] %Sundar S: Was it privately taught by parents to their children?
[17:27:54] %polynesian: this is the thing
[17:27:56] %polynesian: initially, yes
[17:28:09] %polynesian: but the children would grow up in a culture of fear and stigma
[17:28:17] %Sundar S: rip
[17:28:43] %polynesian: essentially, the damage was already done the massive generational gap left all those born in the 20th-century not only unfamiliar with the language, but also actively dissuaded from ever using it when growing up
[17:28:59] %Sundar S: Oof, that's a big hit
[17:29:15] %Sundar S: Sorry that your people had to live with this principle Lilo :c
[17:29:24] %polynesian: don't be sorry it's oaky
[17:29:26] %polynesian: *okay
[17:30:21] %polynesian: in the past few decades, there has been increased efforts from both a state and a federal level to increase the teaching of Hawaiian, but a century of neglect and suppression has left fewer than 10,000 people able to understand and speak it fluently
[17:30:58] %polynesian: okay so now that the ~~somewhat depressing~~ history of the language is outta the way, let’s move on to the language itself: how does it work??
[17:31:20] %polynesian: the official orthography (spelling system) of Hawaiian, at face value, looks pretty simple
[17:31:29] %polynesian: first of all, you have 5 vowels (same in English): A, E, I, O, and U
[17:31:33] +Tom / Fox Mask: Hawaiian has like, 16 letters, right?
[17:31:44] +Tom / Fox Mask: 12 actually
[17:31:47] %polynesian: well
[17:31:50] %polynesian: 13 technically
[17:31:53] +Tom / Fox Mask: fair
[17:31:54] %polynesian: we'll get to that in one sec
[17:32:02] mobdakilla: lol duke
[17:32:22] %polynesian: so yeah as i just alluded to, there's only 8 consonants: H, K, L, M, N , P, W, and ‘Okina
[17:32:40] %polynesian: which consonant stands out to you guys? ;D
[17:32:49] %Sundar S: `Okina
[17:33:00] %polynesian: ~~the answer was H~~
[17:33:01] %Sundar S: That's something much more diverse from English in general
[17:33:07] %Sundar S: rip
[17:33:07] %polynesian: yep, 'Okina
[17:33:16] %polynesian: lemme quickly explain how this works
[17:33:24] mobdakilla: gud job lilo
[17:33:40] %polynesian: the ‘Okina represents a glottal stop, or brief break in a word, and is represented with the ‘ mark
[17:33:50] %polynesian: so for example
[17:33:55] %polynesian: !dt ho-oh
[17:33:55] |raw|<div class="message"><ul class="utilichart"><li class="result"><span class="col numcol">Uber</span> <span class="col iconcol"><psicon pokemon="hooh"/></span> <span class="col pokemonnamecol" style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="https://pokemonshowdown.com/dex/pokemon/hooh" target="_blank">Ho-Oh</a></span> <span class="col typecol"><img src="https://play.pokemonshowdown.com/sprites/types/Fire.png" alt="Fire" height="14" width="32"><img src="https://play.pokemonshowdown.com/sprites/types/Flying.png" alt="Flying" height="14" width="32"></span> <span style="float:left;min-height:26px"><span class="col abilitycol">Pressure</span><span class="col abilitycol"><em>Regenerator</em></span></span><span style="float:left;min-height:26px"><span class="col statcol"><em>HP</em><br />106</span> <span class="col statcol"><em>Atk</em><br />130</span> <span class="col statcol"><em>Def</em><br />90</span> <span class="col statcol"><em>SpA</em><br />110</span> <span class="col statcol"><em>SpD</em><br />154</span> <span class="col statcol"><em>Spe</em><br />90</span> <span class="col bstcol"><em>BST<br />680</em></span> </span></li><li style="clear:both"></li></ul></div>
|raw|<font size="1"><font color="#686868">Dex#:</font> 250&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Gen:</font> 2&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Height:</font> 3.8 m&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Weight:</font> 199 kg <em>(100 BP)</em>&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Dex Colour:</font> Red&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Egg Group(s):</font> Undiscovered&nbsp;|&ThickSpace;<font color="#686868">Does Not Evolve</font></font>
[17:34:13] +Tom / Fox Mask: Ho'Oh
[17:34:15] +Tom / Fox Mask: if the okina was used
[17:34:21] %polynesian: take the Pokemon Ho-oh - effectively, the “-Oh” bit includes a glottal stop between the Ho and the Oh. if this were a Hawaiian word, it would be written as “Ho’o”
[17:34:25] %polynesian: so close duke
[17:34:27] +Tom / Fox Mask: oh
[17:34:36] mobdakilla: a for effort
[17:35:05] %polynesian: on the subject of orthography, Hawaiian has another special symbol - the Kahakō
[17:35:18] +Tom / Fox Mask: aka the macron
[17:35:27] %polynesian: yep
[17:35:28] +Tom / Fox Mask: used for long vowels, right?
[17:35:39] #Lionyx ❤: go macron
[17:35:43] %polynesian: yeah, it's a stress mark that appears over vowels to elongate them
[17:35:57] %polynesian: kinda like é and è i guess :)
[17:36:02] %polynesian: for emphasis
[17:36:28] %polynesian: the Kahakō and ‘Okina alone can change the meaning of words that are otherwise spelled the same
[17:36:44] %polynesian: i.e. pua = flower, but pū’ā = flock/herd
[17:37:18] %polynesian: now let’s turn to the phonology i.e. how words and letters are pronounce
[17:37:28] @warrdd: gn and gl lilo
[17:37:32] +Tom / Fox Mask: gn warrdd habibi
[17:37:35] %polynesian: gn warrdd!
[17:37:38] %Sundar S: Gn warrdd
[17:37:49] %polynesian: .link https://vgy.me/egP2i8.png, this table does a good job of explaining how letters are pronounced
[17:37:49] |html|<div class="infobox"><a href="https://vgy.me/egP2i8.png"><img src="https://vgy.me/egP2i8.png" width="240" height="300"/></a><br/><i>this table does a good job of explaining how letters are pronounced</i></div>
[17:38:06] %polynesian: perhaps the most interesting thing here is the pronunciation of W
[17:38:13] +Mitsuki: why is okina a letter but kahako isn't
[17:38:22] %polynesian: good question
[17:38:34] %polynesian: i guess because the 'Okina "takes up" a character
[17:38:35] %Sundar S: Honestly, the sound of vowels has a similarity to how it's used in Spanish
[17:38:40] %Sundar S: Correct me if I'm wrong though
[17:38:52] %polynesian: whereas the Kahakō is just "added" onto an existing character
[17:38:55] %polynesian: does that make sense?
[17:39:20] %polynesian: yeah kinda Sundar
[17:39:32] %polynesian: although i'm no expert on spanish so take what i say with a grain of salt
[17:39:47] %polynesian: but going back to W
[17:39:48] +Mitsuki: So it's basically an accent
[17:39:50] +Mitsuki: got it
[17:39:50] %polynesian: yeah
[17:40:08] %polynesian: the sound of W varies quite a lot, and apart from the rules stated in the table it relies a lot on context and individual pronunciation rules per word
[17:40:29] %polynesian: this is why you may hear people pronounce Hawaii as “hah-vah-yee” instead of “hah-why-yee”
[17:40:53] %polynesian: (btw, that's how you tell someone is __actually__ from Hawaii, by the way they pronounce it)
[17:41:02] %polynesian: kinda a lil rule of thumb
[17:41:38] %polynesian: okay so let’s end this lecture with a reflection on what the status of Hawaiian is today in 2018…
[17:42:15] %polynesian: as I’ve said, less than 10,000 people understand Hawaiian fluently, but active efforts are being made to increase this number in the future :D
[17:42:46] %polynesian: for instance, there are many non-profit preschools (Pūnana Leo) opening up all over Hawaii, which aim to teach kids the basics of the language from a very young age
[17:42:58] %polynesian: think of this as like, anti-McKinley
[17:43:08] healthychesse: hi
[17:43:24] healthychesse: can sombody put there team down
[17:43:27] %polynesian: hey healthychesse, there's a lecture going on rn, but feel free to listen and ask questions
[17:43:37] %polynesian: this isn't the room to discuss teambuilding
[17:43:39] healthychesse: please im new
[17:43:52] %Sundar S: <<trainersschool>>
[17:44:04] %Sundar S: Honestly, that's good to hear that there are non-profit schools being established to teach the language from old roots
[17:44:09] +Tom / Fox Mask: ^ true
[17:44:19] healthychesse: i cant write in trainer school
[17:44:28] %Sundar S: I've often heard that there were times when if you were taught the language at a later age, you would have this sense of realization
[17:44:30] %polynesian: yeah, and even outside of these schools, elementary Hawaiian is taught across the state in K-12
[17:44:31] %Sundar S: And not do it
[17:44:39] healthychesse: i have to be a week old
[17:44:44] %Sundar S: So, teaching the language as early as possible is very vital
[17:44:55] %polynesian: indeed
[17:45:20] %polynesian: Hawaiian has also received a surge in popularity through Western media: movies like Lilo & Stitch and Elvis Presley’s Blue Hawaii, and artists like Bruddah Iz have helped Hawaiian enter the mainstream
[17:45:51] %Sundar S: That's good that there are many people doing their best in expanding Hawaiian culture to such an extent
[17:45:57] %polynesian: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p09oZj7G0gg - Hawaiian Rollercoaster Ride, a good example of a Western song incorporating Hawaiian
[17:46:13] %Sundar S: I do hope in the future that Hawaiian language can expand a lot over time
[17:46:19] %polynesian: my final point is to do with Hawaiian pidgin
[17:46:48] %polynesian: this is kinda the everyday language in Hawaii - a confusing mixture of English, native Hawaiian, and various other languages like Spanish, Japanese, and Tagalog
[17:47:32] %polynesian: the pidgin language started in the 19th century, as a way for the English-speaking plantation owners and Native Hawaiian/foreign workers to communicate
[17:47:48] %polynesian: by "foreign", these were usually Filipino, Puerto Rican, or Japanese immigrants
[17:48:24] %polynesian: there’s no real set rules in pidgin, but you’d almost never hear it in a formal setting - it’s strictly for situations like talking among friends or buying groceries or that sort of thing
[17:48:52] %polynesian: for example, if in English we say “aww that baby’s cute!”, in Hawaiian pidgin you’d say “ay cute da behbeh!”
[17:49:35] %polynesian: one important, universal pidgin expression is “da kine”, which can mean __literally anything__, and you will hear it ad nauseam if you ever visit Hawaii
[17:50:10] %polynesian: i guess the closest English translation would be something like “the good thing”, but it’s like how we use “thing” or “stuff” in everyday English language
[17:50:26] %Sundar S: I see
[17:50:32] RosaDiaz: :o
[17:50:45] %polynesian: so if you were to ask me like
[17:50:52] %polynesian: "hey lilo, where's my laptop?"
[17:51:14] %polynesian: da laptop stay on top da kine [pidgin] = the laptop is on top of the thingy = the laptop is on top of the table (through context)
[17:51:30] %polynesian: i hope that makes sense bc even i get confused with using "da kine" :')
[17:51:48] %polynesian: it's just a filler expression when you get mentally lazy lol
[17:52:27] %polynesian: okay, so that just about wraps up my lecture! I hope you all enjoyed learning about my mother tongue :D if you have any questions, feel free to ask
[17:53:09] %polynesian: /announce Thanks for listening~