webinar-python-exam-review-2021-05-22

# Webinar: Exam Review

# Ch 8, 9, 11 and 12 end of chapter exercises are critical.
# And structured a lot like the Pre and OA questions

# Be able to recognize your common data types and modules
# integers
# floats
# strings # str
# lists
# dictionaries
# tuples
# sets
# # modules
# math
# random
# datetime
# os
# calendar
# pandas

# operators
# +
# -
# *
# /
# //
# % # modulo asks "what's the whole number remainder?" or "how many didn't fit?"
print(51 // 16, "pounds and")
print(51 % 16, "ounces")
# **
# = # assignment operator, setting something to equal
# == # equality operator, asking if they're equal, as a condition for if/elif, or a while loop
# !=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
# not
# is
# and
# or
# += # x += 1 is the same as x = x + 1
# -=

# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameters vs arguments
# return vs print()
# methods of a data type are themselves functions

# IF and IF/ELSE and IF/ELIF/ELSE

# LOOPS
# WHILE LOOP - like an IF that repeats if its condition remains True
# FOR LOOP - tied to a container, like list, string, etc
# for __ in _iterable_:
# for item in myList:
# for char in myString:
# for key in myDictionary: # myDictionary[key]
# for i in range(0, 7):
# for i in range(len(myList)):

# "membership check"
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
print("Agent Scully" in myList) # True
print("Scooby" in myList) # False

# Adebayo asks how to get the longest string in a list
# print(max(myList))
# help(max)

# for item in myList:
#     longest = ""
#     if len(item) > len(longest):
#         longest = item
# print("The longest item is {}, with a length of {}.".format(longest, len(longest)))

# Be able to SLICE
print(myList[0:3])
print(myList[-2:])

# Building up STRINGS
x = "Sue"
greeting = "How do you do?"
# CONCATENATION - easy to do, but easy to mess up
myString = "My name is "  + str(x) + ". " + greeting
# DATA CONVERSION SPEC or STRING MODULO
myString = "My name is %s. %s" % (x, greeting)
# STRING CLASS FORMAT() METHOD ---> THE BESTEST WAY
myString = "My name is {}. {}".format(x, greeting)
print(myString)
# F strings DO NOT WORK in exam environment

# learn those METHODS of each type
# STRING
# myString.join() # starts with separator string ", ".join(someIterable)
# myString.split() # turns a string into a list, splitting on a separator string
# myString.count() # looks for occurence of some substring
# myString.strip() # has cousins: lstrip(), rstrip()
# myString.replace() # replace a substring with a new substring
# myString.format()
# myString.isupper() # plus other is---() methods
# myString.lower() # return a copy forced lowercase
# myString.upper()
# myString.title()
# myString.capitalize()
# myString.find() # finds a substring and returns the index, or -1 on failure
# myString.startswith()
#
# # LISTS []
# myList.append()
# myList.pop()
# myList.remove()
# myList.insert()
# myList.sort() # has a keyword arg of reverse: myList.sort(reverse=True)
# myList.extend() # add another list, item by item
# myList.reverse()
# myList.count() # count occurrences of an item/value in the list
# myList.index() # myList.index(item)
# myList.clear()
# myList.copy()

for item in myList:
    print(item)
print(myList[-1])

# for item in myList:
for i in range(len(myList)): # for i in enumerate(myList):
    if i == len(myList) - 1:
        print("{} is the last person in the list.".format(myList[i]))
    else:
        print(myList[i])

# DICTIONARIES {k:v}
# someDictionary[key] --> retrieves value for that key
# someDictionary[key] = new value
scoobies = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
scoobies["Scooby Dumb"] = "a red collar"
for key in scoobies:
    print(key, "=", scoobies[key])

# SETS {}
# mySet.add()
# mySet.update()
# mySet.pop()
# mySet.remove()

# TUPLES ()
# are immutable

# MODULES

# 3 types of import statement
import math # import the whole thing, math.pow()
# PARTIAL IMPORT
# from math import pow # now I write pow()
# ALIAS IMPORT
# import math as m # now it's m.pow(), etc

# MATH
# math.pow() # raise a number to a power, not to be confused with math.exp()
# math.sqrt()
# math.e
# math.pi
# math.floor() # always rounds down
# math.ceil() # always rounds up

# RANDOM
# random.random() # gets a float 0-1
# random.choice() # gets a random value from a list
# random.randInt() # INCLUSIVE of the stop number
# random.randRange() # EXCLUSIVE of the stop number

# DATETIME
# datetime.datetime # copy of datetime.date and datetime.time
# datetime.timedelta # a duration of time
import datetime
td = datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)
td.total_seconds()
dd = datetime.datetime(2021, 5, 22)
dd = datetime.datetime.today()
print(dd)
print(dd.year)
print(dd.hour)

# OS
# import os
# os.getcwd()
# os.listdir()
# os.path.basename()
# os.path.dirname()
# os.path.isfile()
# os.path.isdir()

# BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# dir()
# help()
# type()
# enumerate()
# input()
# str()
# list()
# tuple()
# dict()
# int()
# float()
# range()
# round()
# len()
# max()
# min()
# sum()

# HTML is just strings