/*assuming product data i.e.*/
CREATE TABLE Product (ProductId INT, DateLaunched DATE)
INSERT INTO Product (ProductId, DateLaunched)
VALUES (1, '20190204'), (2, '20190211'), (3, '20190218')

/*assuming transactional data i.e.*/
CREATE TABLE Sale (SaleId INT, ProductId INT, QuantitySold INT, DateSold DATE)
INSERT INTO Sale (SaleId, ProductId, QuantitySold, DateSold)
VALUES (1, 1, 1, '20190129'), (2, 2, 2, '20190129'), (3, 2, 2, '20190129'), (4, 3, 3, '20190129'), (5, 3, 1, '20190129')

/*query to prepare data*/
/*make sure to declare indices for ProductId columns to improve performance*/
SELECT
    subquery.ProductId
    ,subquery.DiffWeek
    ,SUM(subquery.QuantitySold) AS TotalQuantitySold
FROM
    (SELECT
        s.SaleId
        ,s.ProductId
        ,s.QuantitySold
        ,s.DateSold
        ,p.DateLaunched
        ,ROUND((s.DateSold - p.DateLaunched) / 7, 0) AS DiffWeek
    FROM Sale AS s
    JOIN Product AS p ON s.ProductId = p.ProductId) AS subquery
GROUP BY subquery.ProductId, subquery.DiffWeek

/*query to get report data*/
/*make sure to declare indices for ProductId columns to improve performance*/
SELECT
    subquery1.ProductId
    ,SUM(subquery1.Sales_t) AS TotalSales_t
    ,SUM(subquery1.Sales_t_1) AS TotalSales_t_1 /*t-1*/
    ,SUM(subquery1.Sales_t_2) AS TotalSales_t_2 /*t-2*/
    ,SUM(subquery1.Sales_t_3) AS TotalSales_t_3 /*t-3*/
    /*, ...*/
FROM (
    SELECT
        subquery0.ProductId
        ,CASE WHEN subquery0.DiffWeek = 0
            THEN subquery0.QuantitySold ELSE 0 END AS Sales_t
        ,CASE WHEN subquery0.DiffWeek = -1 /*t-1*/
            THEN subquery0.QuantitySold ELSE 0 END AS Sales_t_1
        ,CASE WHEN subquery0.DiffWeek = -2 /*t-2*/
            THEN subquery0.QuantitySold ELSE 0 END AS Sales_t_2
        ,CASE WHEN subquery0.DiffWeek = -3 /*t-3*/
            THEN subquery0.QuantitySold ELSE 0 END AS Sales_t_3
        /*, ...*/
    FROM (
        SELECT
            s.SaleId
            ,s.ProductId
            ,s.QuantitySold
            ,s.DateSold
            ,p.DateLaunched
            ,ROUND((s.DateSold - p.DateLaunched) / 7, 0) AS DiffWeek
        FROM Sale AS s
        JOIN Product AS p ON s.ProductId = p.ProductId
        ) AS subquery0
    ) AS subquery1
GROUP BY subquery1.ProductId