2017-06-16 TOEFL: paraphrasing, speaking 1 and 2

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: Paraphrasing handout p. 81 - Exercise A - Complete the table with nouns, synonyms, and antonyms of each word.
1 wealthy / wealth / rich / poor
2 rapid / rapidity, speed / fast, quick, swift / slow
3 similar / similarity / alike, same / different, dissimilar
4 strong / strength / powerful, robust, firm / weak, frail
5 certain / certainty / sure / uncertain, unsure, doubtful
6 rise / rise / increase, grow, get up, go up / fall
7 create / creation / make, build, start, set up / destroy
8 remove / removal / delete, eliminate, take off, take out, cut off, cut out / put on, put in, add
9 depart / departure / leave, go away, abandon / arrive
10 transmit / transmission / convey, pass on, transfer, send / receive(?), respond(?)
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Sometimes suffixes change different parts of speech in different ways:
noun + -al = adjective (national, global, educational)
verb + -al = noun (proposal, approval, survival)
adj + -ly = adverb (quickly, usually, frequently)
noun + -ly = adjective (friendly, motherly, liesurely)
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parts of speech = noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, article, pronoun, interjection, conjunction, particle
Suffixes usually allow us to change among the first four (noun, verb, adjective, adverb); some such words also have related prepositions, such as “like”.
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p. 81 part B - Complete the sentences so that they are correct paraphrases.
1 leaving, rural, moving, urban
2 uncertain, jobs
3 usually wealthier
4 benefits
5 social facilities
6 believe, peaceful
	Some people consider life in the country to be more peaceful. (note the slightly different structure)
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part C
1 in the last hundred years
2 available resources
3 decrease, used up
4 are dying, are living longer
5 poor people, is increasing rapidly
6 rising, richer
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decreased population growth: It was growing at 2% per year, now it’s 1% per year.
declining population: It was 100 million, now it’s 90 million. (Population growth was -10%.)
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BREAK
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Speaking Section - third section, after the break and before writing; six speaking tasks
1 independent, open-ended, 15/45
2 independent, choice, 15/45 (this is also the type of question you usually get for independent writing)
3 integrated R/L/S, conversation about a campus announcement, 30/60
4 integrated R/L/S, academic text and lecture, 30/60
5 integrated L/S, conversation about a problem and solutions, 20/60
6 integrated listening/speaking, academic lecture, 20 seconds to prepare / 60 seconds to speak
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“Who is your best friend? Describe the person and explain why he or she is your best friend. Use reasons and details to support your response.”
Your response should have these parts:
1 Topic statement: “My best friend is [name].”
2 Description (not always necessary): “He was my classmate…”
3 Lead-in: “There are two reasons why he’s my best friend.” (optional)
4 Reason 1: “The first reason is that he always gives good advice.”
5 Detail/example: “For example, when I was deciding where to study English, he …”
6 Reason 2: “The second reason is that…”
7 Detail/example: “For example, …”
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For the choice question, you probably don’t need a description (because you’re only choosing between the two options described in the prompt), and one of your reasons could be a disadvantage of the other option.
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The handout goes through the same outline and then gives advice for saying your response.
thought group = individual phrase or clause that makes up a sentence
Thought groups | are words | that go together | in the sentence.
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If you break
the line in the
middle of writing a
thought group then it
is a little
bit more difficult to
read.
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It’s nice to demonstrate your vocabulary by using synonyms and other forms of paraphrase in your response. However, simple words and grammar used correctly is much better than fancy words or grammar used incorrectly.
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DELTA p. 272 exercise 3.1.A number 1 - Sample response as a class
“My favorite toy when I was younger was a red car. It was as small as my little hand and made from wood. There are two reasons why it was my liked it so much. The first reason is that nobody around me had the same toy. I felt cool because my family was the only one with enough money to buy this for me. The second reason is that it was the last gift from my favorite uncle. I really loved him and he died shortly after my birthday, so the car was something I could use to remember him.”
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If you finish with more than a couple seconds remaining, you can fill part of that time with a short concluding sentence. “For these two reasons, I liked that care more than any of my other toys.”
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p. 278 - Take 15 seconds to prepare and then tell your partner your response to these prompts. (Change partners after 4 and 8 questions.)