2015-01-14 Structure: articles

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Monday, January 19, is Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. (No BAE.)
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Homework: p. 110 and 111 (exercises 1 and 2)
exercise 1A
2 D
3 N (we could use "some" if we wanted to)
4 D
5 G (the + invention = generic)
6 G (definitions are usually generic)
7 G (= the type of tree as a species, not one specific tree)
8 N
9 G
10 D (one specific supply: the supply of seafood, not the supply of smartphones)
exercise 1B
2 a
3 b
4 a
5 b
p. 111 exercise 2
1 Ø
2 the (plural country names usually include "the")
(Other country names include "the" if they include a modified common noun, such as "kingdom" or "republic".)
3 the
4 the
5 Ø
(Proper nouns for natural events or places usually include "the" if the common noun is last, but not if it's first: the Mississippi River, Lake Michigan. If the name includes "of", we always use "the": the Gulf of Mexico, the Bay of Biscay.)
6 a
7 the
8 Ø
9 the
10 the
11 the
12 the

13 the
14 the
15 a
16 the
17 The
18 the
19 a (there are many towns "approximately 16 miles west")
20 the
21 the
22 Ø ("damage" is noncount)
23 the
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Singular count nouns always have determiners.
determiners:
	articles - a/an, the
	possessives - my, your, their, one's, (whose)
	quantifiers - some, many, one, most, every, each
	demonstratives - this, that, these, those
	interrogatives (question words) - what, which, whose

New Orleans's levee system - there is a possessive, so we don't need an article
the levee system of New Orleans - no possessive, so we need the article "the"
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p. 112 exercise 3
1 The
2 the
3 A (first mention of the research team)
4 the ("center" is a modified common noun -> use "the")
5 the
6 the
7 the (if they mentioned it before) / a (if this is the first time they mentioned it)
(Both answers are possible, depending on whether the research team had previously mentioned increased emission.)
8 the
9 Ø

10 The
11 a
12 Ø
13 an ("hazard" is countable)
14 the
15 the
16 The
17 the
18 Ø
19 the
20 the
21 Ø
22 the
23 the
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"the" is pronounced normally before consonant sounds
but it sounds like "thee" before vowel sounds (maybe not the "ee" sound)
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p. 114 exercise 5
- we need additional power sources
- running out of petroleum
- there are problems with it
- I am a big supporter
- haven't been major problems
- develop strict controls
- We don't live in a perfect world.
- nuclear power will be a necessity in the future.

"the French" = the French people in general
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Homework: p. 119, quiz tomorrow about articles