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  1. --- rhodium-4shared 2010-10-24 18:18:28.000000000 +0300
  2. +++ rhodium-erowid  2010-10-24 18:17:41.000000000 +0300
  3. @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
  4.      * Pseudonitrosite FAQ
  5.      * MDP2P by 2-Nitropropene Alkylation of 1,3-Benzodioxole
  6.      * Impurities in Commercially Available MDP2P
  7. +    * A Study of the Precursors, Intermediates and Reaction Byproducts in the Synthesis of MDMA
  8.  
  9.  Epoxide related
  10.  
  11. @@ -39,17 +40,21 @@
  12.      * Epoxidation of propenylbenzenes using dimethyldioxirane or oxone
  13.      * MDP2P from (iso)safrole via epoxide intermediate
  14.      * Epoxidation of Safrole, using H2O2 and a peroxotungstate catalyst
  15. -    * Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst
  16. +    * Epoxidation using a Manganese Catalyst (PDF)
  17.      * MDP2P from isosafrole via the dibromide, bromohydrin and epoxide
  18.      * Isomerisation of Epoxides to Carbonyl Compounds by Iodides in DMSO
  19.      * Electrochemical Rearrangement of Isosafrole Epoxide to MDP2P
  20.      * Photochemical Conversion of Halohydrins to Ketones
  21.      * Epoxidation of Olefins without Metal Catalysts
  22. +    * Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with KMnO4/PTC
  23. +    * Oxidation of Alkenes to Diols with Iodine and KIO3
  24. +    * Synthesis of N-Iodosuccinimide (NIS) and using it to prepare iodohydrin acetates from alkenes
  25.  
  26.  Piperonal/Catechol/Eugenol related
  27.  
  28.      * Piperonal from Pepper
  29.      * Piperonal from isosafrole
  30. +    * Alkenes to Aldehydes with KMnO4
  31.      * Isosafrole from piperonal
  32.      * Novel synthesis of Piperonal
  33.      * MDMA precursors from Eugenol
  34. @@ -62,7 +67,7 @@
  35.      * MDP2P from piperonal via 3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl-2-nitropropene
  36.      * Large-scale MDA from piperonal
  37.      * Preparation of MDP-2-nitropropene from piperonal with MeOH/NaOH
  38. -    * Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal
  39. +    * Electrooxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal (PDF)
  40.      * Electrochemical Oxidation of Isosafrole to Piperonal and Isosafrole Glycol
  41.      * Isomerization of Eugenol to Isoeugenol - Kinetic Studies
  42.  
  43. @@ -74,6 +79,7 @@
  44.      * Preparation of Aluminum Amalgam
  45.      * Osmium's variation of the Al/Hg reductive amination of MDP2P
  46.      * MDP2P/Methylamine reductive amination Osmium/BrightStar Style
  47. +    * Impurities detected in MDMA made by Al/Hg Reductive Amination
  48.      * Catalytic hydrogenation of MDP2P/Methylamine to MDMA
  49.      * Reductive amination with NaBH4 and titanium(IV)isopropoxide
  50.      * Reductive amination with NaBH4, titanium(IV)isopropoxide and methanolic methylamine
  51. @@ -89,26 +95,25 @@
  52.      * Electrochemical Reductive Amination of P2P's over a Mercury Cathode (PDF)
  53.      * Reductive Amination with Sodium Triacetoxyborohydride (PDF)
  54.      * Reductive amination using metallic magnesium
  55. -    * Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid
  56. +    * Reductive amination of ketones using Pd/C and formic acid (PDF)
  57.      * Synthesis of Secondary Amines - A Review
  58.      * Aqueous NaBH4 Reductive Amination of Phenylacetones
  59.      * Hydrogenation of imines (DejaVu Format)
  60. -    * Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate
  61. +    * Reductive Amination Using Potassium Formate and Palladium Acetate (PDF)
  62.      * Reductive Amination using Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
  63. +    * Methylation of Amines with NaBH4 and ZnCl2 in DCM
  64.  
  65.  Wacker Oxidation Methods
  66.  
  67.      * Benzoquinone/DMF Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
  68.      * Benzoquinone/Methanol Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Methyl Man)
  69. +    * Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
  70.      * DMF/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
  71.      * KRV/SRV Methanol/O2 Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
  72. -    * Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Patent)
  73. -    * Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole(Comments)
  74. -    * Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Discussions)
  75. -    * Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (ZIP) As text file
  76. +    * Discussions about the Alkyl Nitrite Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
  77.      * Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole
  78. -    * Improvements to the Benzoquinone Wacker
  79. -    * Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes
  80. +    * Electrochemical Wacker Oxidation of Safrole (Improvement)
  81. +    * Regioselectivity in the Wacker oxidation of Propenylbenzenes (PDF)
  82.      * Cyclodextrin - Palladium Chloride as a Ketone-selective Wacker Oxidation System
  83.  
  84.  
  85. @@ -119,6 +124,7 @@
  86.      * Resolution of Racemic Amphetamines into d- and l-Amphetamines
  87.      * Methamphetamine and P2P from phenylacetaldehyde
  88.      * Notes on the synthesis of chloroephedrine and reduction to methamphetamine
  89. +    * Chloroephedrine Reduction to Methamphetamine
  90.      * Synthesis of phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
  91.      * CTH reduction of Phenyl-2-Nitropropene to Amphetamine
  92.      * Uncle Fester's Electroreduction of (pseudo)Ephedrine
  93. @@ -135,7 +141,6 @@
  94.      * One Pot Amphetamine synth from BzCN, MeI and NaBH4
  95.      * Amphetamine from P2NP using Urushibara Nickel (NiCl2/Al)
  96.      * Meth from Benzylmagnesium chloride alkylation of acetaldehyde methylimine
  97. -    * Amphetamines from Propiophenones
  98.      * Methamphetamine from Phenyl-2-Propanone
  99.      * Methamphetamines from Amphetamines
  100.      * Synthesis of Allylbenzene from Cinnamaldehyde
  101. @@ -147,7 +152,7 @@
  102.      * Synthesis of Phenyl-2-nitropropene
  103.      * Comprehensive Leuckart Reaction Overview from Organic Reactions (PDF)
  104.      * Synthesis of Allylbenzene and Phenyl-2-bromopropane
  105. -    * Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF, 4MB)
  106. +    * Direct Amination of Phenylpropenes to Amphetamines (German PDF)
  107.      * Preparation of Amphetamines from Phenylpropanolamines
  108.      * Optically pure Amphetamines by the way of alpha-Methylhydrocinnamic Acid
  109.      * Amphetamine Synthesis via an Acetoacetate Intermediate
  110. @@ -155,6 +160,9 @@
  111.      * Dehydration of Phenyl-1-propanol to Propenylbenzene
  112.      * Synthesis of (S)-(+)-Amphetamine from (1S,2S)-2-Amino-1-Phenyl-1,3-Propanediol
  113.      * Amphetamine by Al/Hg reductive amination of P2P
  114. +    * Efficient Isomerization of Allylbenzene with NaOH/PTC
  115. +    * Synthesis of Deuterio-l-Amphetamine d1 Sulfate
  116. +    * Synthesis of Deuterated Methamphetamine, DOB, PCP and Methaqualone
  117.  
  118.  Birch reduction
  119.  
  120. @@ -180,6 +188,7 @@
  121.      * P2P from propenylbenzenes
  122.      * Azlactone Route to Phenyl-2-Propanones from Benzaldehydes
  123.      * Tin(II)Chloride reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
  124. +    * CdCl2-Mg-H2O reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
  125.      * Raney Ni-Na2PO2 reduction of phenylnitropropenes to P2P's
  126.      * Strecker degradation of α-Methyl-Phenylalanine to P2P
  127.      * P2P by Hydroboration-Oxidation of Phenylpropyne
  128. @@ -188,31 +197,40 @@
  129.      * Differentiation of P2P Synthesized from Phenylacetic Acid with Acetic Anhydride vs. Lead(II)Acetate
  130.      * P2P trough Meerwein Arylation of Aniline
  131.      * Reaction of Aryllithiums with Epichlorohydrin
  132. +    * Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chloride to P2P
  133. +    * Electroreductive Arylation of Chloroacetone to P2P
  134. +    * P2P from n-Propylbenzene using the Étard Reaction
  135.  
  136.  Ephedrine related
  137.  
  138.      * Ephedrine: Synthesis, extraction and esterification
  139.      * Synthesis and resolution of racemic Ephedrine
  140. +    * Enantioselective Synthesis of (1S,2S)-pseudoephedrine
  141. +    * Racemization of Optically Active Ephedrines
  142.      * Comprehensive reference work on the extraction and synthesis of (pseudo)ephedrine
  143.      * Comparison of the Properties of Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine
  144.      * Ephedrine and its Salts - Isolation and Properties
  145.      * Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine and (Pseudo)Ephedrine
  146. +    * [Patent] Synthesis of Ephedrine
  147.      * Synthesis of the Norephedrine Precursor (1R*,2S*)-1-Phenyl-2-nitropropanol
  148.      * Catalytic reduction of Ephedrine overview with references
  149.      * Ephedra (Ma Huang) as a source of (pseudo)ephedrine
  150. -    * Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (Chapter 5)
  151. +    * Chapter 5: Supercritical extraction of Pseudoephedrine from pills (PDF)
  152.      * Biotransformations for Ephedrine Production (PDF)
  153. -    * l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde
  154. +    * l-Phenylacetylcarbinol (L-PAC) from Benzaldehyde (PDF)
  155. +    * Phenylpropanolamine by reductive amination of L-PAC, made by fermentation of Benzaldehyde
  156.      * Debunking the Myth of Ephedrine/Methamphetamine in Chicken Feed
  157. -    * Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations
  158. +    * dl-Ephedrine by reductive amination of 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione
  159. +    * Ephedrine-type Alkaloid content of commercial Ephedra/Ma Huang preparations (PDF)
  160.      * Separation of methamphetamine from ephedrine through steam distillation
  161.      * Comprehensive article on (pseudo)ephedrine acetyl ester and amide (PDF)
  162. -    * Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents (PDF) US6359011 US6136864
  163. +    * Pseudoephedrine pill denaturant patents US6136864 (PDF)
  164.      * Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Waterless A/B
  165.      * Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Full Turps Cure
  166.      * Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: E-Gull & IDEA Method
  167.      * Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to Bee
  168.      * Pseudoephedrine Extraction Technique: Straight to E
  169. +    * Extraction of OTC Medications: A Preliminary Study Report by G.N. Gietzen (PDF)
  170.  
  171.  HI/P reduction of ephedrine
  172.  
  173. @@ -226,10 +244,11 @@
  174.  
  175.  Phenylalanine Related
  176.  
  177. -    * Reduction of L-Phenylalanine to dextroamphetamine
  178. -    * Reduction of L-Phenylalanine to D-amphetamine and D-methamphetamine
  179. +    * Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine
  180. +    * Reduction of D-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine and d-Methamphetamine
  181.      * Phenylalanine to Amphetamine-d3
  182. -    * Possible electrochemical conversion of L-phenylalanine to Dextroamphetamine
  183. +    * Possible electrochemical conversion of L-Phenylalanine to d-Amphetamine
  184. +    * Reduction of Tyrosine to Optically Active para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA)
  185.  
  186.  Methamphetamine Impurities
  187.  
  188. @@ -237,12 +256,14 @@
  189.      * Impurities Found in Methamphetamine Synthesized via chloroephedrine
  190.      * Impurities Found in Illicit Amphetamine and Methamphetamine
  191.      * References regarding impurities from the synthesis of methamphetamine
  192. -    * Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P (PDF)
  193. -    * Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand
  194. -    * Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
  195. -    * Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
  196. -    * Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
  197. +    * Impurities in Methamphetamine Synthesized From Ephedrine with HI/P
  198. +    * Impurities in methamphetamine tablets found in Thailand (PDF)
  199.      * Reidentification of a Major Impurity in Illicit Amphetamine
  200. +    * By-Product Contamination of Clandestinely Prepared Amphetamines and Cocaine
  201. +    * The Origin of Alkenes in Illicit Amphetamine: Examination of the Illicit Synthesis of P2P
  202. +    * [Bull. Narc.] Impurities in clandestinely produced amphetamine; A review
  203. +    * [Bull. Narc.] Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine
  204. +    * [Bull. Narc.] Methamphetamine Impurity Profiling
  205.  
  206.  (Meth)cathinone
  207.  
  208. @@ -251,14 +272,18 @@
  209.      * Notes on the Synthesis of Methcathinone
  210.      * The Hyperreal Methcathinone Document
  211.      * Methcatinone via Jones Reagent Oxidation
  212. -    * Novel simplified Methcathinone synthesis
  213.      * Synthesis and resolution of Cathinone from Phenylpropanolamine
  214.      * Comprehensive Methcatinone FAQ (In German)
  215.      * Synthesis of Dimethylcathinone
  216.      * Potentially Psychedelic Cathinone Analogs
  217.      * Synthesis of Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
  218.      * Stereospecific synthesis, and optical resolution of Norpseudoephedrine
  219. -    * (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization
  220. +    * (Methylenedioxy)Cathinone Characterization (PDF)
  221. +    * Methcathinone Radiolabeling
  222. +    * Ephedrone: 2-Methylamino-1-Phenylpropan-1-One (Jeff)
  223. +    * The Identification of Cathinone in Khat (Catha edulis)
  224. +    * TLC Identification Test for Khat (Catha edulis)
  225. +    * Synthesis of Ephedrine & Methcathinone from Propionic Acid
  226.  
  227.  Misc. Phenethylamines
  228.  
  229. @@ -273,13 +298,16 @@
  230.      * Decarboxylation of phenylalanines to phenethylamines
  231.      * Synthesis of 2C-D
  232.      * Synthesis of STP (DOM)
  233. +    * 2,5-Dihydroxyalkylbenzenes from Benzoquinone
  234.      * Synthesis of DOC
  235.      * DOB Syntheses Without LAH
  236.      * Phenyl-2-nitropropenes from Propenylbenzenes
  237. +    * Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using NaNO2/I2/Ethylene Glycol
  238.      * Nitroalkenes from Alkenes using KNO2/I2/THF/PTC
  239.      * Electrochemical transformation of alkenes to nitroalkenes
  240.      * Rhodanine route from benzaldehydes to phenylacetonitriles
  241.      * Synthesis of Indanylamphetamine (IAP)
  242. +    * Formylation of Indane
  243.      * Synthesis of 5-Methyl-MDA
  244.      * Synthesis of 3-Methoxy-4-Methyl-Amphetamine (MMA)
  245.      * Synthesis of 4-Fluoroamphetamine
  246. @@ -290,11 +318,13 @@
  247.      * Preparation of Phenethylamines from Benzyl Alcohols
  248.      * Preparation of Anethole and Asarone epoxide with H2O2/MeCN
  249.      * Synthesis of 4-Alkylthio-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehydes
  250. +    * Alkylthio-benzaldehydes from Bromo-Benzaldehydes
  251.      * Synthesis of Phenethylamines from Phenylacetic Acids
  252.      * Synthesis of 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines
  253.      * Ultrasound Promoted Nitrostyrene Synthesis
  254.      * 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone via Darzen Condensation
  255.      * 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetone
  256. +    * Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  257.      * Synthesis of 2C-CN
  258.      * Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
  259.      * Synthesis of 3-Methyl-2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  260. @@ -303,17 +333,14 @@
  261.      * Sodium Percarbonate Dakin Reaction: Benzaldehydes and acetophenones to phenols
  262.      * Benzaldehydes to phenols using H2O2
  263.      * Synthesis of 4-Hydroxy-2,6-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  264. -    * Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
  265. -    * Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg
  266.      * Oxidation of benzylalcohols to benzaldehydes with acidic DMSO
  267.      * Benzaldehydes by reductive oxidation of benzoic acids
  268.      * 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-Hydroxypropenylbenzene
  269. -    * Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
  270. -    * Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde
  271.      * Synthesis of all the Trimethoxyphenylpropenes
  272.      * Synthesis of Croweacin and some of its derivatives
  273.      * KG-60-NEt2 as Henry reaction catalyst
  274.      * Synthesis of 3-Methyl- and 4-Methyl-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  275. +    * Synthesis of 4-Methoxyphenol
  276.      * 2,5-Dimethoxyacetophenone from Hydroquinone
  277.      * Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Fluoroethylamphetamine (DOEF)
  278.      * The Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by the Henry Reaction
  279. @@ -324,14 +351,33 @@
  280.      * Synthesis of 2C-T-X Nitrostyrenes
  281.      * 2-Methoxy-3,4-Methylenedioxybenzaldehyde (Croweacinaldehyde) from Pyrogallol
  282.      * Synthesis of Croweacinaldehyde by Vilsmeyer Formylation
  283. -    * Shulgin's first report on MMDA
  284.      * Shulgin's first report on TMA
  285. +    * First Synthesis of DOB
  286. +    * Synthesis of 4-Methyl-3-Methoxy-Amphetamine (MMA)
  287. +    * Alkylation of phenolic aldehydes with trimethyl phosphate
  288. +    * Thiolation of 4-Methoxyphenol to 2-Hydroxy-5-methoxythiophenol
  289. +    * Shulgin & Nichols: First report on Aleph and 2C-T
  290. +    * First Reported Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA)
  291. +
  292. +MMDA related
  293. +
  294. +    * Shulgin's first report on MMDA
  295. +    * Shulgin: MMDA Psychopharmacology
  296. +    * Conversion of Eugenol to Myristicin and Elimicin
  297. +    * Composition of the Myristicin Fraction from Oil of Nutmeg
  298. +    * Synthesis of Myristicin
  299. +    * Myristicinaldehyde (3,4-methylenedioxy-5-Methoxybenzadehyde)
  300. +    * Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and Apiolealdehyde
  301. +    * Homomyristicinic Acid, Myristicinaldehyde etc. from Myristicin
  302. +    * Synthesis of Myristicinaldehyde and 5-Hydroxypiperonal
  303. +    * 5-Hydroxyvanillin and 5-Hydroxy-3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin
  304.  
  305.  DMMDA-2 related
  306.  
  307.      * Synthesis of DMMDA-2, 6-Br-DMMDA-2 and DMMDMA-2
  308.      * DMMDA-2 from dillapiole via the Delepine reaction
  309.      * Isodillapiole Pseudonitrosite and Nitropropene
  310. +    * 2,3-Dimethoxy-4,5-Methylenedioxy-Phenylacetone from Isodillapiole
  311.      * 4,5-Dimethoxy-2,3-Methylenedioxyallylbenzene (pseudo-Dillapiole)
  312.      * Syntheses of Dillapiole and its 4-Methylthio analog
  313.      * Synthesis of Dillapiole and 1,2,3,4-Tetramethoxyallylbenzene
  314. @@ -354,7 +400,6 @@
  315.  
  316.  Mescaline related
  317.  
  318. -    * Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
  319.      * Mescaline from 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde via the Phenylacetonitrile
  320.      * Mescaline synthesis monograph from The Alkaloids Vol III
  321.      * Synthesis of Mescaline from eucalyptus sawdust
  322. @@ -365,9 +410,18 @@
  323.      * Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin
  324.      * 5-Iodovanillin and 5-hydroxyvanillin from Vanillin
  325.      * Synthesis of Syringaldehyde
  326. +    * Syringaldehyde from Spruce and Maple Woods
  327.      * Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
  328.      * 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from p-Cresol
  329.      * Extraction of Mescaline from Cacti
  330. +    * 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Vanillin, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde or p-Cresol
  331. +    * 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzaldehyde from Gallic Acid (3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic Acid)
  332. +    * An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline from Gallic Acid
  333. +    * Syringaldehyde from 5-Bromovanillin by Ester-catalyzed Methanolysis
  334. +    * Synthesis of Mescaline from 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol using the Mannich Reaction
  335. +    * Syntheses of Mescaline from Gallic acid
  336. +    * Shulgin: Mescaline - The Chemistry and Pharmacology of its Analogs
  337. +    * Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
  338.  
  339.  2C-B related
  340.  
  341. @@ -382,28 +436,37 @@
  342.      * Synthesis of 2C-H via a mandelonitrile intermediate
  343.      * A novel route to 2C-B (and 2C-D/2C-E)
  344.      * Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to give 2C-H
  345. +    * Catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5-dimethoxynitrostyrene to 2C-H
  346.      * Improved bromination of 2C-H to 2C-B
  347.      * Bromination of 2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  348.      * Selective Bromination and Iodination of 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  349.      * Large-scale 2C-H bromination with pictures
  350.      * Synthesis of 2C-B from Anise Oil (PDF)
  351. +    * Synthesis of 2,5-Dimethoxyphenylacetic Acid, the corresponding aldehyde, alcohol and ethyl ester
  352.  
  353. -Aromatic Iodination/Chlorination
  354. +Aromatic Iodination/Chlorination #
  355.  
  356. -    * Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I2/NaNO3 (PDF)
  357. +    * Iodination of methoxybenzenes with I2/NaNO3
  358.      * Iodination of substituted benzenes with N-iodosuccinimide/TFA (PDF)
  359. -    * Iodination procedure for DOI and 2C-I
  360. -    * Another iodination procedure for DOI and 2C-I
  361. +    * Iodination of Methoxyamphetamines (I2/AgSO4)
  362. +    * Iodination of Methoxybenzenes with NIS
  363.      * Aromatic Iodination
  364.      * Halogenation of methoxybenzenes with N-halosuccinimides
  365.      * 2C-C and DOC with N-chlorosuccinimide and perchloric acid
  366.      * Synthesis of 4-Chloro-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-C)
  367. +    * Regioselective Halogenation of Aromatics Using Potassium Halides and Oxone
  368.      * Regioselective Oxyiodination of Aromatics Using KI/Oxone
  369.      * Regioselective Bromination of Aromatics Using KBr/Oxone
  370.      * Regioselective Chlorination of Aromatics Using KCl/Oxone
  371.      * Aromatic Iodination with Lead Tetraacetate as the Oxidant
  372.      * Aromatic Chlorination with Sodium Hypochlorite
  373.      * Synthesis of 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  374. +    * Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using Alkali Iodides and H2SO4
  375. +    * Iodination of Methoxybenzenes using a Mixture of Potassium Iodide and Iodate
  376. +    * Shulgin: Synthesis of Radio-Iodinated N,N-Dimethyl-meta-Dimethoxyamphetamines
  377. +    * Shulgin: Synthesis of 121I and 125I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
  378. +    * Shulgin: Synthesis of 123I Radioiodinated 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine (DOI)
  379. +    * Synthesis of 77Br Radiobrominated 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB)
  380.  
  381.  Reductions
  382.  
  383. @@ -415,6 +478,7 @@
  384.      * Reduction of Nitrostyrenes with Red-Al (Vitride)
  385.      * Reduction of Nitrostyrenes to Phenethylamines using Red-Al
  386.      * Miscellaneous reductions of oximes to amines
  387. +    * High-Yield Oxime Preparation using CaO/Hydroxylamine·HCl
  388.      * Nitrostyrene reduction using diisobutylaluminium hydride
  389.      * Zinc Borohydride Reducing Agent (PDF)
  390.      * Sodium Cyanoborohydride - Synthesis, Purification and Use (PDF)
  391. @@ -425,15 +489,19 @@
  392.      * Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrostyrenes at 1 atm H2
  393.      * Aqueous CTH with PdCl2/HCOOH/NaOH of cinnamic acids to hydrocinnamates
  394.      * Synthesis and Reduction of Azides
  395. +    * Reductive Acetylation: Azides to N-acetylamines with AlI3/Ac2O
  396. +    * Reduction of Azides to Amines with Zinc/NH4Cl
  397.      * Reduction of Nitriles to Primary Amines with Nickel Boride
  398.      * Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
  399.      * Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Pd/C-Ammonium Formate CTH
  400.      * Oximes from Conjugated Nitroalkenes using Lead Powder
  401.      * Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Ammonium Formate
  402.      * Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Zinc/Hydrazinium Formate
  403. +    * Reduction of Nitroalkanes to amines using Magnesium/Hydrazinium Formate
  404.      * Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with 2-phenylbenzimidazoline
  405.      * Reduction of nitroalkenes to nitroalkanes with Triethylamine-Formic Acid
  406.      * Poisoning and Deactivation of Palladium Catalysts (PDF)
  407. +    * Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Methanolic Sodium Borohydride
  408.      * Nitrostyrenes to Nitroalkanes with Borohydride Exchange Resin (BER)
  409.      * Reduction of Phenylacetonitriles to Phenethylamines
  410.      * Electroreduction of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives (DejaVu Format)
  411. @@ -445,10 +513,27 @@
  412.      * CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Pd/C-Decaborane
  413.      * Ultrasound-Promoted Aluminum Amalgam reduction of Nitroalcohols to Aminoalcohols
  414.      * Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Hydroxylamines using Boranes
  415. +    * One-Pot Preparation of N-Substituted Hydroxylamines from Nitroalkenes using Boranes
  416.      * Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines or Hydroxylamines using SmI2
  417.      * Reduction of Oximes to Amines with a Zn-Cu Couple
  418.      * Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds Using Formic Acid and Raney Nickel
  419.      * High-yielding reduction of nitrostyrenes to amines using Al/Hg
  420. +    * Reduction of oximes to amines using Magnesium/Ammonium Formate
  421. +    * Catalytic Reduction of Nitriles and Oximes
  422. +    * Reduction of Amides and nitriles to amines using Tetrabutylammonium Borohydride
  423. +    * CTH reduction of aldehydes and ketones to carbonyl compounds
  424. +    * Pd/C- Hypophosphite CTH Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes
  425. +    * Varma & Kabalka: Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes with Boron Reagents (Review)
  426. +    * Varma & Kabalka: Synthesis and Reduction of Conjugated Nitroalkenes (Review)
  427. +    * Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Amines with Titanium(II) Reagents
  428. +    * Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Amines with in situ prepared BH3·THF
  429. +    * Reduction of Nitroalkenes and Nitroalkanes to Amines Using NaBH4/NiCl2 and Ultrasound
  430. +    * Zinc/Ammonium Formate: Reduction of Oximes to Amines
  431. +    * Benzyl Group Hydrogenolysis Using Zinc and Ammonium Formate
  432. +    * Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Oximes using Chromium(II)Chloride
  433. +    * Reduction of Nitroalkenes to Ketones using Chromium(II)Chloride
  434. +    * Review: Catalytic Hydrogen Transfer Reductions Using Ammonium Formate
  435. +    * CTH Reduction of Nitroalkanes to Amines
  436.  
  437.  Tryptamines
  438.  
  439. @@ -490,6 +575,7 @@
  440.      * 5-Methoxy-N-Methyltryptamine (O,N-Dimethylserotonin), synthesis, isolation and analysis
  441.      * 5-MeO-DMT Analysis: Quantitative & Qualitative TLC (PDF)
  442.      * Synthesis of DMT by Alkylating Indole Grignard Reagents
  443. +    * Synthesis of Deuterated DMT and 5-MeO-DMT
  444.  
  445.  LSD
  446.  
  447. @@ -520,6 +606,7 @@
  448.  Opiates and Opioids
  449.  
  450.      * Codeine to Morphine Conversion Review
  451. +    * "Homebake" Labs: Codeine to Morphine and Heroin
  452.      * Extraction and purification of morphine from opium
  453.      * New patent on the extraction and purification of morphine from opium
  454.      * Opium - Poppy Cultivation, Morphine and Heroin Manufacture
  455. @@ -531,25 +618,23 @@
  456.      * Synthesis of Levorphanol (levo-Dromoran)
  457.      * Synthesis of Pethidine (Demerol)
  458.      * One-step synthesis of Prodine
  459. -    * Theoretical Study of Acyclic Fentanyl Analogs
  460. -    * Methadone Synthesis Overview
  461.      * Morphine and structurally related analgesics
  462.      * Pethidine-type Analgesics Overview
  463.      * The Stereochemistry of Morphine
  464.      * Total Synthesis of Morphine
  465.      * Codeine FAQ
  466.      * Chromic's Coldwater Codeine Extraction
  467. +    * Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
  468. +    * Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
  469. +    * Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
  470. +
  471. +Hydrocodone/Hydromorphone
  472. +
  473.      * Codeinone from Thebaine
  474.      * Catalytic rearrangement of Morphine/Codeine to Hydromorphone/Hydrocodone
  475.      * Quantitative Conversion of Codeine to Hydrocodone
  476.      * 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Codeine (PDF)
  477.      * 14-Hydroxycodeinone from Thebaine (PDF)
  478. -    * Synthesis of a Clonitazene/Etonitazene Analog
  479. -    * Conversion of Thebaine to Codeine
  480. -    * Synthesis of Methadone
  481. -    * Dibenzo-18-crown-6 as PTC in Bockmühl’s synthesis of Methadone
  482. -    * Methadone Chemistry: A Review
  483. -    * Anileridine Synthesis and Pharmacology
  484.  
  485.  Oxycodone/Oxymorphone
  486.  
  487. @@ -558,6 +643,12 @@
  488.      * Oxymorphone from Oxycodone
  489.      * Oxymorphone from Oxycodone with BBr3
  490.  
  491. +Methadone
  492. +
  493. +    * Synthesis of Methadone
  494. +    * Dibenzo-18-crown-6 as PTC in Bockmühl's synthesis of Methadone
  495. +    * Methadone Chemistry: A Review
  496. +
  497.  Fentanyl related
  498.  
  499.      * Fentanyl Synthesis
  500. @@ -568,6 +659,8 @@
  501.      * Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl (PDF)
  502.      * Theoretical study of 2,3-seco-Fentanyl and other Fentanyl analogs
  503.      * Fentanyl Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
  504. +    * The Identification of China White
  505. +    * Designer Drugs: Past History and Future Prospects
  506.  
  507.  Heroin related
  508.  
  509. @@ -586,11 +679,13 @@
  510.      * Synthesis and evaluation of the GHB analogs MAB and DABD
  511.      * Dehydrogenation of 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD) to gamma-Butyrolactone (GBL)
  512.      * References for the oxidation of THF to GBL
  513. +    * Synthesis of GHB/GBL from GABA (Sandmeyer Reaction)
  514.      * Sodium bromate oxidation of THF to GBL (PDF)
  515.      * Solvent-free Permanganate oxidation of THF and 1,4-butanediol to GBL
  516.      * Hypochlorite oxidation of 1,4-butanediol to GBL
  517.      * Potential for gamma-Butyrolactone Synthesis from Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-Butanediol
  518.      * 1,4-Butanediol (1,4-BD, BDO) - Forensic Profile
  519. +    * Oxidation of THF to GBL with Calcium Hypochlorite
  520.  
  521.  Dissociatives
  522.  
  523. @@ -620,7 +715,7 @@
  524.      * A Practical Total Synthesis of Cocaine's Enantiomers
  525.      * Synthesis of Cocaine
  526.      * Synthesis of Cocaine analogs from Arecoline
  527. -    * Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
  528. +    * [Bull. Narc.] Topics in the chemistry of cocaine
  529.      * Coca Cultivation & Cocaine Processing
  530.      * Nitrone Synthetic Route to Cocaine
  531.      * Cocaine containing plants
  532. @@ -635,6 +730,7 @@
  533.      * Large info/synthesis collection on 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
  534.      * Appearance of Aminorex as a Designer Analog of 4-Methylaminorex
  535.      * The Stereoisomers of 4-Methylaminorex (U4Euh)
  536. +    * A Fatality Involving U4Euh
  537.      * para-Fluoro-4-Methylaminorex
  538.      * Pemoline Synthesis
  539.      * Chemistry of 2-Amino-Oxazolines
  540. @@ -659,6 +755,7 @@
  541.      * Barbiturates, their chemistry and synthesis
  542.      * Notes on Adrenochrome
  543.      * Improved extraction of Salvinorins from Salvia Divinorum
  544. +    * Salvinorin Extraction and Refinement FAQ v7.6
  545.      * Possible synthesis of Salvinorin
  546.      * The Salvia Divinorum Grower's Guide
  547.      * The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kava-Kava
  548. @@ -695,8 +792,10 @@
  549.      * Synthesis of Aromatic Aldehydes (Review)
  550.      * Anilines to Benzaldehydes (Organic Syntheses)
  551.      * Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners
  552. +    * Oxalic Acid from Household Cleaners (Improved Method)
  553.      * Info on nutmeg, extraction of nutmeg oil and isolation of myristicin
  554.      * Bromobenzene
  555. +    * Iodobenzene
  556.      * Mandelic Acid and Derivatives
  557.      * para-Benzoquinone
  558.      * Toluquinone and Toluhydroquinone
  559. @@ -746,12 +845,17 @@
  560.      * 6-Nitro- and 4-Nitro-2,5-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde
  561.      * Optically active cyanohydrins by use of Almond meal
  562.      * The preparation and use of Diazomethane
  563. +    * The preparation and use of Methylene Sulfate
  564. +    * The preparation of Ethyl and Methyl Sulfonic Acid Esters from Ortoformates
  565. +    * Bromination Method for Anilines and Anisoles Using NH4Br/H2O2 in Acetic Acid
  566.  
  567.  Inorganic
  568.  
  569. +    * Iodine Fact File
  570.      * Iodine crystals from Povidone-Iodine
  571.      * Iodine from Iodides with Ultrasound
  572.      * Iodine from Iodine tincture
  573. +    * Phosphorus Fact File
  574.      * Red Phosphorous from matchbook strikers
  575.      * Chemical Behaviour of Red Phosphorus in Water
  576.      * Cyanogen Iodide (ICN)
  577. @@ -770,7 +874,6 @@
  578.      * Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride
  579.      * Manganese(III)acetate
  580.      * H2O2 FAQ from H2O2.com
  581. -    * H2O2 FAQ
  582.      * Cyanogen Bromide (CNBr)
  583.      * Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia
  584.      * Aluminum Chloride and Aluminum Bromide
  585. @@ -783,11 +886,13 @@
  586.      * Tetrakis(Triphenylphosphine)Palladium(0)
  587.      * Chlorotris(Triphenylphosphine)Rhodium(I) (Wilkinson's Catalyst)
  588.      * Pyrophosphoryl Chloride
  589. +    * Preparation of the hydrated diacetate salts of Chromium(II) and Copper(II)
  590.  
  591.  Preparation of Gases
  592.  
  593.      * Preparation of 57% Hydriodic Acid
  594.      * Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide and 57% Hydriodic Acid
  595. +    * Anhydrous Hydrogen Iodide from 57% aqueous HI and phosphorous pentoxide
  596.      * Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride
  597.      * Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride (Ghetto Prep)
  598.      * Anhydrous Hydrogen Chloride [ HCl(aq) + CaCl2 ]
  599. @@ -804,6 +909,7 @@
  600.      * Buying Chemicals, Glassware and Lab Equipment
  601.      * Abstracts from the forensic journal J. Cland. Lab. Invest. Chem. Assoc.
  602.      * Yogi Shan's Clandestine Chemistry FAQ
  603. +    * Clandestine Drug Laboratories
  604.      * DEA report on future synthetic drugs of abuse
  605.      * Alexander Shulgin elaborates on future drugs of abuse
  606.      * Review: Clandestine Drug Synthesis
  607. @@ -890,6 +996,14 @@
  608.      * Rotary Evaporators - Theory & Practice
  609.      * Parr Hydrogenation Apparatus Manual
  610.      * Hydrogen Chloride Gas Generators Associated with Clandestine Drug Labs
  611. +    * Efficient and Inexpensive Apparatus for Hot Filtration
  612. +    * Inexpensive Microscale Magnetic Stirrer
  613. +    * Pump-less Condenser Cooling Water Circulator
  614. +    * Small Scale Reactor for Ultraviolet Photochemistry
  615. +    * New Glassware for Small-Scale Distillation
  616. +    * Microscale Vacuum Distillation Apparatus for Simple Separations
  617. +    * Design for a Miniature Portable Fume Hood
  618. +    * Construction of a Compact Steam Distillation Apparatus
  619.  
  620.  Chromatography
  621.  
  622. @@ -901,10 +1015,16 @@
  623.      * First journal article describing flash chromatography
  624.      * Amateur Chromatography and Electrophoresis
  625.      * Flash Pad Chromatography - Simple Alternative to Columns
  626. +    * Dry Column Vacuum Chromatography
  627. +    * Dry-Column Flash Chromatography
  628. +    * 'Dry Flash' Column Chromatography
  629. +    * TLC Mesh Column Chromatography
  630.      * Dry-Column Chromatography (High-capacity TLC Derivative Method)
  631.      * Detection (Visualization) of TLC Zones
  632.      * Manual Microscale Column Chromatography Pressurization Apparatus
  633.      * Quantitative & Qualitative TLC Analysis: Digital Image Processing With any Digital Camera (PDF)
  634. +    * Column Chromatography Tutorial (Microscale)
  635. +    * Safe and Efficient Flash Chromatography Equipment for the Small Lab
  636.  
  637.  Solvents
  638.  
  639. @@ -953,6 +1073,7 @@
  640.      * Red P/Iodine Reduction of Pseudoephedrine to Methamphetamine
  641.      * PCP Synthesis via Enamine Intermediate
  642.      * Methylamine from Ammonium Chloride and Formaldehyde
  643. +    * Illustrated Synthesis of 3,4,5-Trimethoxy-beta-nitrostyrene and 3,4,5-Trimethoxyphenyl-2-nitroethane
  644.      * Distillation apparatus setup (Quicktime)
  645.      * Vacuum distillation procedure (Windows Media File)
  646.      * Organic Laboratory Instructional Video Clips
  647. @@ -965,6 +1086,8 @@
  648.      * An introduction to catalytic transfer hydrogenation
  649.      * PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hydrogen Peroxide
  650.      * PTC Oxidation of Alcohols Using Hypochlorite
  651. +    * Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with NaBr-Oxone
  652. +    * Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohols to Benzaldehydes with DMSO
  653.      * General procedure for Collins reagent oxidations
  654.      * Psychotomimetic Chemical Weapons
  655.      * Technical information on hard gelatin capsules
  656. @@ -974,6 +1097,7 @@
  657.      * Grignard Reactions in "Wet" Ether
  658.      * Aldehydes from grignard reagents and formic acid salts
  659.      * Aldehydes from grignard reagents using 2-(N-Methyl,N-Formylamino)pyridine
  660. +    * Reduction of Acid Chlorides to Aldehydes using Sodium Borohydride & Pyridine
  661.      * Wizard X's Homepage
  662.      * The Complete Organic Synthesis online (with structure search engine)
  663.      * The Collected Rantings of the alt.drugs.chemistry Legend POPeye
  664. @@ -991,12 +1115,17 @@
  665.      * Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
  666.      * The Watcher's Chemistry Works (Snapshot Jan 2003)
  667.      * CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
  668. -    * Oxidation of Benzylalcohols to Benzaldehydes with DMSO
  669. +    * CTH Removal of N-Benzyl groups
  670.      * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution - Activation, Deactivation and Regioselectivity
  671.      * E-Book: 'Hydrogenation Methods' by Paul. N. Rylander (DejaVu Format)
  672.      * Synthesis of Methanesulfonate Esters (Mesylates) From Alcohols
  673.      * The Biochemistry of Drugs and Poisons (PDF)
  674.      * The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Research Monographs
  675. +    * 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine (MPTP): One Designer Drug and Serendipity
  676. +    * Two-Carbon Homologation of Grignard Reagents to Primary Amines
  677. +    * One-Pot Synthesis of Carbamates: Alkylation of Amines with R-O-Ts/PTC/K2CO3/CO2
  678. +    * Rapid Reduction of Carbonyl Group to Methylene with PMHS-B(C6F5)3
  679. +    * Cyanuric Chloride: Converting Carboxylic Acids into Chlorides/Esters/Amides
  680.  
  681.  References
  682.  
  683. @@ -1007,9 +1136,11 @@
  684.      * Synthesis of Nitrostyrenes by Condensation of Benzaldehydes with Nitroalkanes
  685.      * Neurotransmitter.Net - Great Abstracted Neuropharmacology Archive
  686.      * The collected works of hallucinogen researcher Richard A Glennon
  687. +    * Organic Structure Determination Bibliography
  688.      * The Albert Hofmann Collection: LSD & Psilocybin References
  689.      * MDMA: A Review of the English-Language Scientific and Medical Literature
  690.      * Detection and Analysis of Drugs of Forensic Interest, Literature Review 1992-2001
  691. +    * Literature Review: Forensic Analysis of GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD
  692.  
  693.  Microwave Chemistry Research
  694.  
  695. @@ -1031,4 +1162,5 @@
  696.      * MW-chem: Wolff-Kishner reduction of ketones to hydrocarbons (PDF)
  697.      * MW-chem: Oxidation of Alcohols to Ketones
  698.      * MW-chem: High-yielding Azidation of Primary and Secondary Tosylates
  699. +    * MW-chem: Solvent-Free Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Inactive Aryl Halides
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