awk

awk 'BEGIN{count=0;} $2~/^[AEIOU]/ {count+=1} END{print count}' q21.txt
ls -l|awk '{print $9,$5}'|sort -k2n|tail -1
awk -F ":" '{count[$3]+=1;} END {for (i in count)print i,count[i]}' cp.txt
awk '{print $2,$3,$4,$8}' q1.txt |sort -k4n | tail -3