webinar-print-2022-03-05

# All the Ways to Print... plus a bit on strings... 2022/03/05
# the basic string object manipulation... and the print() function

# Ways we build up larger strings
x =  "Sue" # a string!

# CONCATENATION with +
myString = "My name is " + str(x) + ". How do you do?"
# STRING FORMAT METHOD
myString = "My name is {}. How do you do?".format(x)
# F STRINGS
myString = f"My name is {x}. How do you do?"
print(myString)
import math
print("Pi to 2 places is {:.2f}".format(math.pi))
print("Pi to 5 places is {:.5f}".format(math.pi))

# padding to a length
# "{:12}" # pad string out to 12 places

# Let's talk about the print function
# print with "no arguments"
print() # newline... \n

# print() with one argument
print("Simple, one argument print call.")
print(x)

# print() has 2 optional keyword args
print(end="\n") # end, default value of newline
print(sep=" ") # sep, default of " "

# print() with multiple args
print("Hello", "I'm", "Johnny", "Cash") # sep=" "
print("Hello", "I'm", "Johnny", "Cash", sep="...")

print("Hello", "I'm", "Johnny", "Cash", end=" ")
print()
print("Hey!!!")
# ANYTIME YOU TIME OVERRIDE END... do a "regular" call to print() with \n afterwards
#... Like they say in Ch 2.9

myString = "abc"
myNextString = "123"
print("{}{}".format(myString, myNextString))

# \n \r \t \f " "
print("In a hole in the ground there \r lived a Hobbit.") # prints " lived a Hobbit."

myString = "Hey\r"
myString = myString.rstrip()
print(myString)

myVar = input().rstrip() # same as myString.rstrip()
# and if you're recasting
myNum = int(input()) # = float(input())
# then...
myNum = int(input().rstrip()) # don't do this int(input()).rstrip()... rstrip() isn't an int method, it's a str method

# Questions...
# more rstrip() please
# K, let's do this in Lab 18.4
muppets = {
    "Kermit": "the Frog"
    }
myVar = input()
print("Hi ho! {} {} here!".format(myVar, muppets[myVar]))

# so I put a stray space in input: "Kermit ", would be same with "Kermit\r" etc...
# Traceback (most recent call last):
#   File "main.py", line 5, in <module>
#     print("Hi ho! {} {} here!".format(myVar, muppets[myVar]))
# KeyError: 'Kermit '
#... good error! "Kermit" is a key but "Kermit " isn't

# I should have really used an IF statement and check to see
# if that key is present in dict anyway before proceeding...
muppets = {
    "Kermit": "the Frog"
    }
myVar = input().rstrip() # fixed!
print("Hi ho! {} {} here!".format(myVar, muppets[myVar]))
# all good...
# Hi ho! Kermit the Frog here!


# and a look at Lab 5.14 where we build up some strings and print incrementally...
highway_number = int(input().rstrip()) # not needed here, but doesn't hurt either!

''' Type your code here. '''
# weed out invalid numbers first...
if highway_number < 1 or highway_number > 999 or highway_number % 100 == 0: # invalid
    print("{} is not a valid interstate highway number.".format(highway_number))
else: # so valid...
    if highway_number > 99: # aux
        print("I-{} is auxiliary".format(highway_number), end="") # empty string end
        # get the primary and tack it on
        primary_number = highway_number % 100
        print(", serving I-{}".format(primary_number), end="")
    else: # primary
        print("I-{} is primary".format(highway_number), end="")  # we overrode the end \n a lot here!!!
    # handle the direction
    if highway_number % 2 ==0: # even
        print(", going east/west.") # we end up calling print() with a plain old hidden end="\n" either way...
    else: # odd
        print(", going north/south.") # ... so no need for a blank print() call on this one