#include <cstdio>

void f() {
    throw 42;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    try {
        throw 42;
        //f();
        printf("after thrown");
    } catch (...) {
        printf("in catch stmtn");
    }
    printf("after try-catch stmtn");
}

$ gdb -q foo
Reading symbols from foo...done.
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x912: file foo.cpp, line 9.
Starting program: /home/dannas/foo
Temporary breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdd88) at foo.cpp:9
9               throw 42;
(gdb) next
12          } catch (...) {
(gdb)
13              printf("in catch stmtn");
(gdb)
in catch stmt
12          } catch (...) {

$ gdb -q foo
Reading symbols from foo...done.
(gdb) start
Temporary breakpoint 1 at 0x912: file foo.cpp, line 10.
Starting program: /home/dannas/foo

Temporary breakpoint 1, main (argc=1, argv=0x7fffffffdd78) at foo.cpp:10
10              f();
(gdb) n
in catch stmt
after try-catch stmt
[Inferior 1 (process 32522) exited normally]

$ gdb --version
GNU gdb (Ubuntu 8.1-0ubuntu3) 8.1.0.20180409-git