2017-11-04 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2017-11-04 Saturday: 8 Weird News”
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p. 93 - What’s unusual about the photo? Do you think it’s a real photograph?
part 2 - What do the bolded pronouns refer to? Work with a partner.
1 them = the flamingos
2 That = the shape the flamingos are in
3 this kind of thing = flamingos in this shape / photos that look fake
4 it = the picture
5 he = the photographer
6 the ones = the flamingos
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Last week’s Homework: read the articles on p. 99 and do parts 2, 3, 4 on p. 98
part 2
1 The theory that she crashed on Nikumaroro
2 DNA testing
3 It will prove that Earhart was on that island.
part 3
1 His granfather wrote a book about Earhart’s disappearance, and his family is funding the project.
2 There’s no known sample of her hair.
3 Human DNA is 99% identical, so they need to obtain a lot of genetic material.
part 4
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
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find - found - finding / They are trying to find evidence of what happened to Amelia Earhart.
fund - funded - funding / His family is using money from book sales to fund the project.
found - founded - founding / They will found an organization to help other female pilots.
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p. 94 part 1 - What are the things in the pictures?
part 2 - Use these words to complete the sentences (use a dictionary if necessary). Do any of these words change your guesses about the pictures? (http://www.learnersdictionary.com explains words more simply than some other dictionaries)
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Beetles, ants
5 stem
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
	(spikes are the leaves or on the leaves, thorns are on the stem, pine trees have needles)
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part 4 - Listen to the descriptions of the pictures and decide if each statement is true or false.
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p. 95 part 6 - What do these sentences mean?
1 They can’t be natural. - It’s impossible that they’re natural.
2 They must be man-made. - They are (almost) certainly man-made.
3 This might be a painting. - Maybe this is a painting.
4 It may not seem logical. - Maybe it doesn’t seem logical.
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Grammar: modals for inference/speculation/conclusions (about the present)
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There are similarities with modals for advice and obligation:
You must complete the form in black ink. = This is the only option. (obligation)
You must be tired after all that running. = This is the only (reasonable) conclusion. (inference)
You could take a train if you want. = This is one possible option (among many). (suggestion)
You could have a fever. = This is one possible conclusion/explanation. (inference)
You must not park here for more than 2 hours. = This is not an option. (obligation)
You must not be feeling well. = This (feeling well) is not a reasonable conclusion.
You can’t take a train. = This is impossible (because it’s broken). (“advice”, sort of)
You can’t be tired already. = This is impossible (because you just slept for 10 hours). (inference)
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For inferences and conclusions:
must = have to = have got to - This is the only reasonable explanation. / This is probably true.
may = might = could - This is one possible explanation. / Maybe this is true.
may not = might not - This is one possible explanation. / Maybe this is false.
must not - This is not a reasonable explanation. / This is probably false.
could not = cannot - This is not possible.
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p. 95 part 8 - write the modal expressions that make sense (sometimes both make sense)
1 must be
2 might recognize / could recognize
3 could use / may use
4 could mean
5 can’t be
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BREAK
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Vocabulary: “look” and other sense verbs
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1 The voluntary action that a person does:
    Look carefully at the picture.
    Watch the movie.
    Listen to the music.
    Smell this flower.
    Taste the soup.
    Feel my forehead.
2 The involuntary (passive) thing a person does
    I see the window.
    I can hear cars on the street.
    (The other verbs are the same.)
3 The involuntary (passive) thing someone or something else does
    The food looks delicious.
    The music sounds cheerful.
    The food smells delicious.
    The food tastes delicious.
    Your forehead feels hot.
    (We can use the same grammar for “seem”: You seem sick.)
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p. 95 part 9 - “look”
look + adjective: You look fabulous.
look like + noun: You look like a movie star.
look as though + sentence: You look as though you’re going to the Oscars.
(look like + sentence is very common in informal speech and writing: You look like you’re going…)
look + adverb: Look carefully at this picture. (This is meaning 1 from above. The others are 3.)
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English is weird. It can be understood through tough thorough thought, though.
(In irregular past verbs, -ought and -aught always have the same pronunciation.)
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p. 95 part 10 - Complete the sentences with the correct expressions.
1 look
2 looks like
3 looks as though / looks like
4 look
5 look as though / look like
6 look (this is meaning 1 above - the active voluntary meaning)
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Vocabulary: history
p. 96 part 1 - complete the sentences with the correct words and then ask your partner the questions.
1 ancient/sacred
2 period
3 prehistoric
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
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Grammar: modals for speculation about the past
- We use the same verbs with the same meanings, but followed by the perfect instead of the base form:
today: You must be tired after all that running.
yesterday: You must have been tired after all that running.
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Find sentences with this grammar in the article:
1 The Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above. (It was impossible to see them from above.)
2 The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
3 They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
4 They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
5 Water must have had an incredible significance.
6 This must have seemed an astonishing, even sacred phenomenon.
7 The same group of people can’t have created them.
8 The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition of ceremonial activities.
Which statements are the most certain? The most uncertain?
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must have - This is the only reasonable explanation. / This was probably true.
may have = might have = could have - This is one possible explanation. / Maybe this was true.
may not have = might not have - This is one possible explanation. / Maybe this was false.
must not have - This is not a reasonable explanation. / This was probably false.
could not have = cannot have - This was not possible.
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Handout - With your group, speculate about what each of these things might have been. If everyone in your group can reach an agreement, decide what it must have been.
1 People may have used this as decoration. They might have used it for religion. They could have used it as a sign of their hospitality.
- It was a pillow.
2 People might have used this as a pin or button. They may have used it as a brooch. It could have been a bracelet. It might have been an earring. It might have been something for your hair.
- It was a brooch.
3 They could have used these for carving. They may have used this for hunting. They could have used it as a knife and spoon.
- They were a mirror and razor.
4 They may have used it as a mask. They might have used it as a place to keep a knife. It could have been a boomerang or other weapon. It can’t have been a bow because it was too small.
- These were snow goggles.
5 People might have used this for orientation. People could have used this as a map. It could not have been used as a weapon. They may have used it as a plate.
- It was a map.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8bDCaPhOek - Video about how Polynesians navigated.
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Homework: 7-8 test