<aura:component>

    <aura:attribute name="message" type="String" access="private" />

    <aura:handler name="init" value="{!this}" action="{!c.doInit}"/>

({
    doInit: function(cmp, event, helper) {

        Promise.resolve(1)
            .then(function(message) {
                cmp.set("v.message", message);
                console.log(cmp.get("v.message"));
        });

Promise.resolve(1)
    .then($A.getCallback(function(message) {
        cmp.set("v.message", message);
        console.log(cmp.get("v.message"));
}));