Is it more efficient to declare variables late?
int x;
code
..
.
.
. x is able to be used in all this code
.
actually used here
.
end

code
..
.
.
.
int x;
actually used here
.
end

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  for (int j = 0; j < 1000; ++j) {
    std::cout << j << std::endl;
  }
  int i = 999;
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

#include <iostream>

int main() {
  int i = 999;
  for (int j = 0; j < 1000; ++j) {
    std::cout << j << std::endl;
  }
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

g++ -Wall -Wextra -O4 -S measure.c
g++ -Wall -Wextra -O4 -S measure2.c

<       .file   "measure2.cc"
---
>       .file   "measure.cc"

#include <iostream>

namespace {
  struct foo {
    foo() { }
    ~foo() { }
  };
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const foo&) {
  return out << "foo";
}

int main() {
  for (int j = 0; j < 1000; ++j) {
    std::cout << j << std::endl;
  }
  foo i;
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}

#include <iostream>

namespace {
  struct foo {
    foo() { }
    ~foo() { }
  };
}

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const foo&) {
  return out << "foo";
}

int main() {
  foo i;
  for (int j = 0; j < 1000; ++j) {
    std::cout << j << std::endl;
  }
  std::cout << i << std::endl;
}