B

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

#define ll     long long
#define _test   int _TEST; cin>>_TEST; while(_TEST--)
#define pb     push_back
#define ppb    pop_back


int main()
{
    _test
    {
        ll int n, k;
        cin>>n>>k;

        ll int x = 1;
        while(k>0 && x<n+1)
        {
            x *= 2;
            k--;
        }

        cout<<min(n+1, x)<<"\n";
    }
}