2015-12-09 Core: 10 Life on Mars

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 169 practice 1
2 There’s the man who/that flew around the world alone.
3 That’s the cave where four explorers slept. / That’s the cave in which four explorers slept.
4 She’s the girl whose arm was operated on.
5 It’s the time of day when the helpline is busiest.
6 Here is the boat that/which/- they crossed the Atlantic in.
7 This is the woman who/that climbed Everest.
8 We saw the device which/that treats headaches.

We can use “where” for the location of the whole sentence. In number 6 the location of the whole sentence is “the Atlantic”, not “the boat”.
“The device” is the subject of the relative clause, so we must use “which” or “that”.
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A blood test is when they take your blood to analyze it. (informal)
A blood test is where they take your blood to analyze it. (informal)
A blood test is a procedure in which they take your blood to analyze it. (formal)

The laboratory is where they take your blood to analyze it. (normal / formal)
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Would you like to visit Mars?
Would you like to go to Mars if you would never be able to come back?
What do you know about Mars?
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p. 120 - read the article about transforming Mars.

Forests might grow.
Forests might even grow. - “even” tells us that this information is surprising
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http://www.marssociety.org/ - a group of people who promote the exploration of Mars
http://www.mars-one.com/ - a proposal to send people to Mars in the next few years to live there
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p. 120 part 4 - look at the article again and find the answers to these questions
1 600-1000 years
2 making a thicker atmosphere of carbon dioxide
3 It would allow space to expand the population, and we might learn to manage Earth better as well.
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If Mars looked like the final picture (on the right), but it still took 6 months to go and 6 months to return, would you want to visit?

Second conditional = present/future unreal conditional
if + [past (simple or continuous)], subject + would/could/might + base form

If Mars looked like the picture, I would visit it.
If we were traveling on a spaceship to Mars, I would become very bored.
I would become very bored if we were traveling on a spaceship to Mars.
I would not be teaching English if we were traveling on a spaceship to Mars.

If I could speak Arabic, I could travel around North Africa and the Middle East.
could = past of “can”, could = conditional of “can”

If I was you, I would go to Mars. (Somewhat common, but informal.)
If I were you, I would go to Mars. (More formally, we don’t use “was” in second conditionals.)

If I were traveling to Mars, I would get bored.
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Mahmod would travel to Mars even if he could never return to Earth.
= This is surprising. Most people wouldn’t go to Mars in this case, but Mahmod wants to go to Mars whether or not he can return to Earth.
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p. 120 (below part 5) - adjectives with -ful and -less
useful / useless
hopeful / hopeless
careful / careless
painful / painless
helpful / helpless
beautiful / -
wonderful / -
peaceful / -
successful / -
- / homeless
- / penniless
- / wireless
- / paperless
(watery) / waterless
(sunny) / sunless
(cloudy) / cloudless
(sugary) / sugarless
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noun + -ful = noun + -y = “with a lot of [noun]”
noun + -less = “without [noun]”
adjective + -ness = “the quality of being [adjective]”

Homelessness is a big problem in many cities.
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BREAK
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p. 120 part 5 statement 1
I think we’ll need to colonize other planets if we don’t change our habits on Earth.
- First conditional, because this is a real possibility and a serious prediction about the future
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If…, I might do it. = Maybe I would do it.
If…, I could do it. = I would be able to do it.

If I had a lot of money, I could buy a car, but I wouldn’t because I don’t like to drive.
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p. 121 part 10 - Complete the questions with second conditional verbs, then answer the questions from the reading.
1 had, would be
2 would it take / will it take (if you’re more optimistic about people traveling to Mars)
3 Would it be (strange to use “could” with “be possible” together)
4 would happen / might happen, melted
5 would the temperature change / might the temperature change, increased
6 could we learn / would we learn
1 The carbon dioxide in the ice would be released.
2 It would take six months.
3 Yes, it would.
4 An atmosphere could be made. / Carbon dioxide would be released into the atmosphere.
5 The temperature would go up if carbon dioxide increased.
6 We could learn to manage Earth better.
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Should we terraform Mars? Why or why not?
Would you want to spend six months in space? What might be some problems you would have?
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In your group, discuss your answers to the questions in part 15.
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p. 126-127 High altitude people (video)
part 2-3 - which of these things do you see in the video?
hemoglobin = the substance in your blood that binds to oxygen and makes your blood red
hypoxia = not enough oxygen (“hypo” = below / not enough)
(“hyper” = over / too much)
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sub / super (subsonic, supersonic)
infra / ultra (infrared, ultraviolet)
under / over (underweight, overweight)
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Homework: read the two stories on p. 123, answer the questions on p. 122 part 2 about both stories, and answer the questions on p. 122 part 5