2017-02-14 TOEFL: word roots, reading summary

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-small-are-we-in-the-scale-of-the-universe-alex-hofeldt
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Word Roots list 4 - With your partner, try to come up with one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
icon = image
idio = one’s own (can also sometimes mean unique or strange)
il/im/in/ir = not
	(These roots can also mean “in” or “into”, as in illuminate, impress, inhale, and irradiate.)
	(The “in” meaning is often in pairs of opposites with “ex”: inhale/exhale, internal/external, impress/express, or with “e”: inject/eject)
infra = under (“infra” is usually in pairs of opposites with “ultra”)
inter = between/among
intra/intro = inside/within
ject = throw
junct = join
kine = movement
lab = work
lex/lect = word/language (but also more basically “choose” or “pick”, as in “elect” and “collect”)
loc = place
luc = light (This root is usually followed by ‘e’ or ‘i’, so the ‘c’ sounds like /s/.)
lum = light
lux = light
macro = big
magni = great (in size or quality)
mal = bad
man = hand
mar = sea
*mega = big (also an SI prefix meaning one million)
meta = change (often means “over” or “beyond”)
micro = small (also an SI prefix meaning one millionth)
migr = move
mis = wrong
miss/mit = send
mono = one (This is the Greek root, “uni” is the Latin root.)
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We often have pairs of roots with the same meaning, one from Greek and one from Latin
1 mono/uni
2 bi/di
3 tri/tri
4 tetra/quad
5 penta/quint
6 hex/sex
7 hept/sept (the h/s difference is also common between Greek and Latin)
8 oct/oct
9 non/nov
10 deca/deci
100 hect/cent
1000 kilo/milli
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Ways to practice and memorize vocabulary:
- use it in conversations (though this will make you sound pretentious if you do it with TOEFL words)
- read articles or listen to talks about the topic you learned vocabulary for
- use it in writing (Remember, though, that you don’t get points for fancy words on TOEFL essays.)
- make and use flashcards (definition and a sentence with the word missing on one side, the word itself on the other side)
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Front of the card: “jeopardize”
Back of the card: “put (someone or something) into a situation in which there is a danger of loss, harm, or failure - His bad decisions are going to ________ this company.”
You can practice two ways: recognize the word and try to explain the definition or use it in a sentence (look at the side with the word, check your answer with the definition and sentence), recall the word from the defition and sentence (look at the side with the sentence and try to think of what word should go there)
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BREAK
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Reading section: first part of the test, 60 or 80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, 13-15 questions each
Question types:
- fact (detail questions about the topic of the reading)
- negative fact
- vocabulary
- inference
- reference
- purpose
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summarize (If the whole passage is about one topic)
- organize/categorize information (If the passage compares two or more different things)
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Summary questions ask you to choose the three statements that best summarize supporting points of the main idea of a reading passage. Incorrect answers are usually minor details or things that aren’t mentioned or are irrelevant to the passage.
Handout (Cambridge) p. 217-218 - With your partner, decide if each statement is a correct Summary of the passage, a minor Detail, or something that’s Not mentioned.
1 A - N
  B - S
  C - D
2 A - N
  B - D
  C - S
3 A - S
  B - N
  C - D
4 A - D
  B - N
  C - S
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p. 219 - Which of the answer choices at the top of the page look like they might be too specific to express the important ideas of the passage?
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p. 219-222 - Take 10 minutes to choose the three main supporting ideas for each summary.
Then compare with your partner and decide why the three wrong answers are incorrect. (Are they minor details, or not mentioned/inaccurate.)
1 B D F
2 B C F
3 A C D
4 C E F
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Student A go to DELTA p. 152, B go to p. 153. Read the passage on your page and then summarize it to your partner (without looking at any of the answer choices below the passage).
Then use your partner’s summary to answer the question for their passage.
1 A C F
2 B E F
Do the same for p. 154 (student A) and 155 (student B)
3 B D E
4 A B E
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Homework: DELTA p. 156-163