2015-12-11 Grammar: connectors overview

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: p. 188 exercise 2 (from the new handout today) (look at 184-186 to explain the different options)
1 on the other hand
2 However, (“but” is an informal way to begin a sentence)
3 Moreover, (it’s not a consequence -> not “therefore”, it’s not a contrast -> not “nevertheless”)
4 As a result,
5 and/so
6 under such circumstances
7 Even though
8 [no connector]
9 on the other hand
10 In addition
11 However

Even though all students learn English, English-speaking students don’t learn Spanish.
Although all students learn English, English-speaking students don’t learn Spanish.
All students learn English, but English-speaking students don’t learn Spanish.

Even though it’s raining, we will have class outside.
It’s raining. In spite of this, we will have class outside.
In spite of the fact that it’s raining, we will have class outside.
(We’re surprised about this.)

on the other hand - we don’t expect this, but we’re also not surprised by it, it’s just a basic contrast between two things
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Contrast / Direct contrast = these two things are different
I live in Massachusetts, while my sister lives in Florida. (It’s not surprising, it’s just different.)

Concession / Unexpected results = this thing is different from what we expect; it’s surprising
Even though she is from Michigan, my sister now hates the cold. (it’s not the expected result)
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Homework: Read p. 192 and do p. 193 exercise 5