2019-05-14 TOEFL: word roots, reading Q types

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word roots (list 6) - With your group, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
re (recycle, rebound, reuse, recline) = again/back
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward
	re/retro, ex/extra, in/intra, con/contra - These are all the same pattern.
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = burst/break
scend (ascend, descend, transcend) = climb
scope/skep/spec (microscope, skeptic, spectacle) = vision/sight
scrib/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write/draw
sect/seg (section, bisect, sector, segment, insect) = cut/divide
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half (This is the Latin root. The Greek root is “hemi”.)
sol (solitude, desolate) = alone
sol (solar, solarium) = Sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard, subsonic, subscript) = under/below
super (superstructure, supersonic, superscript) = over/above
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = finish/end/limit
terra/terri (territory, terrain, extraterrestrial) = Earth/land
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat
trans (transport, transaction, transverse) = through/across
ultra (ultraviolet, ultrasound) = over/beyond
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
veri (verify, veracity) = true
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, volunteer, volition) = will
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile, xenon) = foreign/strange
zoo (zoology, zooplankton) = animal (A zoologist studies animals, a botanist studies plants.)
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TOEFL: 4 hours, 4 sections, $205, 120 points total, 30/section
1 reading: 60-80 minutes, 3 or 4 passages, usually 14 questions per passage (15 raw points)
2 listening: 60-90 minutes, 6 or 9 listenings in 2 or 3 sets, 17 questions per set, 1 conv, 1 lect, 1 disc
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: 20 minutes, 6 tasks, 5.5 minutes of speaking time
4 writing: 55 minutes, 2 tasks, 20+30 minutes of writing time
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Reading Section:
- The timer counts down from 60 or 80 minutes for the whole section
- You can answer questions in any order and return to check or change answers you’ve already picked
- At any time you can click “Review” at the top of the screen and see a list of all the questions you’ve seen and answered.
- The text appears on the right side of the screen while you answer all the questions.
Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact
- negative fact
- inference
- reference
- purpose
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion
- summary
- organize
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Question types from yesterday’s test (starting on p. 500 of Delta)
p. 501-503
1, 2, 5, 6 - vocabulary
3, 4, 11 - fact
7 - inference
8 - purpose
9 - paraphrase
10 - negative fact
12 - sentence insertion
13 - organize
p. 505-507
1, 4, 11 - fact
2, 3, 5, 10 - vocabulary
6 - paraphrase
7 - negative fact
8 - inference
9 - purpose
12 - sentence insertion
13 - summarize
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BREAK
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Fact and Negative Fact Questions - strategies for skimming and scanning
Delta p. 18 has a sample question. Scan for the first mention of “sedimentary rocks”, where it says “Most of the rocks are sedimentary rocks”. Most where? The Colorado Plateau.
- They constitute most of the Colorado Plateau.
p. 31 has a sample of a negative fact question. Scan for each answer choice. If you can’t find one, that’s the answer. If you can find all of them, then read what the passage says about each one. Salmon and harbor seals are mentioned as animals that eat herring. (We can infer that if their populations reduced, herring would increase.) The other options are all mentioned as things that can affect herring stocks in the next paragraph
- reduced populations of salmon and harbor seals
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p. 26-28 exercise 1.1.C - Take 10 minutes to answer all of these fact questions.
Compare your answers with your classmates. Convince them of your answers if you disagree.
1 A
2 C
3 D
4 C
5 D
6 A - in 1840, all four resources were still important
7 B
8 A
9 C
10 C
p. 32-34 - Do the same for 1.2.A, about negative fact questions.
1 C
2 D - sun avoidance prevents skin cancer
3 B - This is not a benefit. You don’t need to know anything about the other effects of laughter to answer this question.
4 A
5 C
6 B
7 A
8 C
9 C
10 A
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Inference Strategies - Identify the answer choice that must be true, even if it isn’t said directly in the passage.
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80-83 exercise 1.4.A - 10 minutes, then check with your partners.
1 B
2 A
3 C
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 B
8 B
9 D
10 C
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Paraphrase Questions - Make sure the answer you pick includes each main part of the original sentence (usually there are two clauses).
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Homework: Oxford p. 146-153 - Read the passages and check your own understanding of underlined or bolded words. Answer the questions in parts 3R14 and 3R20.