2018-05-02 Pre-TOEFL: prefixes and suffixes, vocab questions

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Prefixes usually change the meaning (or add something to the meaning) of a word.
Suffixes usually change the part of speech of a word (and modify the meaning as well).
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Example: noun -> adjective
bone - noun
boneless - adjective = without bones
bony - adjective = with a lot of bones
(“boneful” isn’t a word, mainly because “bony” already exists)
mystery -> mysterious
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-ous is a Latin suffix
Many words with Latin suffixes (and prefixes) don’t have root forms in English.
previous, curious, serious, obvious
Sometimes you just need to know the whole word (though the ending still tells you it’s an adjective).
Other times, you can use the prefix to get some idea.
pre = before
ob = in front of
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Many prefixes change spelling depending on the next sound
in- = “not” or “in”
invisible, incorrect, incredible / income, invite, induce, intonation, information
impatient, impossible / immigrate, impress, imbue
illegal, illiterate, illegitimate / illuminate, illusion
irregular, irresponsible / irradiate
- When it means “not”, the words are adjectives (or derived words like “illiteracy”)
- When it means “in”, the words are usually verbs (or derived words like “intonation”)
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[adjective]+ly = adverb: naturally, eventually, hopefully, usually, immediately, responsibly
[noun]+ly = adjective: friendly, lovely, liesurely, motherly, fatherly
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Cambridge R1
hypoxia - The sentence explains this, but you also might recognize “hypo” meaning “under”
	(Examples: hypothermia, hypodermic)
You can’t always use prefixes and suffixes to figure out what a word means. Sometimes you need to look at other context clues, such as whether the word is used as an example of something else.
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desertification = the process of becoming a desert
parentification = assuming the role of a parent even though you’re not actually a parent