Persistent Array

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class Persistent {
    FastScanner in;
    PrintWriter out;

    int MAX = (int) (5 * 1e6);

    int[] vertexL = new int[MAX];
    int[] vertexR = new int[MAX];
    int[] vertexV = new int[MAX];
    int vertexSz = 0;

    class PersistentArray {
        private int n;
        private int[] roots;
        private int rootsSize;

        int newVertex(int l, int r) {
            vertexL[vertexSz] = l;
            vertexR[vertexSz] = r;
            vertexV[vertexSz] = -1;
            return vertexSz++;
        }

        int newVertex(int value) {
            vertexL[vertexSz] = -1;
            vertexR[vertexSz] = -1;
            vertexV[vertexSz] = value;
            return vertexSz++;
        }

        private int add(int[] values, int l, int r) {
            if (r < l) {
                return newVertex(0);
            }
            if (r == l) {
                return newVertex(values[l]);
            } else {
                int m = (l + r) / 2;
                return newVertex(add(values, l, m), add(values, m + 1, r));
            }
        }

        public PersistentArray(int[] values, int m) {
            roots = new int[m];
            roots[rootsSize++] = add(values, 0, values.length - 1);
            n = values.length;
        }

        private int change(int now, int position, int newValue, int l, int r) {
            if (l == r) {
                return newVertex(newValue);
            } else {
                int m = (l + r) / 2;
                if (m >= position) {
                    return newVertex(
                            change(vertexL[now], position, newValue, l, m),
                            vertexR[now]);
                } else {
                    return newVertex(vertexL[now],
                            change(vertexR[now], position, newValue, m + 1, r));
                }
            }
        }

        public void change(int version, int position, int newValue) {
            roots[rootsSize++] = change(roots[version - 1], position - 1,
                    newValue, 0, n - 1);
        }

        public int get(int v, int position, int l, int r) {
            if (l == r)
                return vertexV[v];
            int m = (l + r) / 2;
            if (m >= position)
                return get(vertexL[v], position, l, m);
            return get(vertexR[v], position, m + 1, r);
        }
    }

    void solve() {
        int n = in.nextInt();
        int[] arr = new int[n];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            arr[i] = in.nextInt();
        int m = in.nextInt();
        PersistentArray a = new PersistentArray(arr, m + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            String cmd = in.next();
            if (cmd.equals("create")) {
                a.change(in.nextInt(), in.nextInt(), in.nextInt());
            } else {
                out.println(a.get(a.roots[in.nextInt() - 1], in.nextInt() - 1, 0,
                        n - 1));
            }
        }
    }

    void run() {
        try {
            in = new FastScanner(new File("object.in"));
            out = new PrintWriter(new File("object.out"));

            solve();

            out.close();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    void runIO() {

        in = new FastScanner(System.in);
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);

        solve();

        out.close();
    }

    class FastScanner {
        BufferedReader br;
        StringTokenizer st;

        public FastScanner(File f) {
            try {
                br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(f));
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        public FastScanner(InputStream f) {
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(f));
        }

        String next() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String s = null;
                try {
                    s = br.readLine();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (s == null)
                    return null;
                st = new StringTokenizer(s);
            }
            return st.nextToken();
        }

        boolean hasMoreTokens() {
            while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
                String s = null;
                try {
                    s = br.readLine();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                if (s == null)
                    return false;
                st = new StringTokenizer(s);
            }
            return true;
        }

        int nextInt() {
            return Integer.parseInt(next());
        }

        long nextLong() {
            return Long.parseLong(next());
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Persistent().runIO();
    }
}