#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

using namespace std;

class State {
private:
	int heapc;
	int *coins;

public:
	// State with h heaps, where the i-th heap starts with c[i] coins.
	State(int h, const int c[]) {
		heapc = h;
		delete[] coins;
		coins = new int[heapc];
		for (int i = 0; i<h; i++)
			coins[i] = c[i];
	}
	~State() {
		delete[] coins;
	}
	void next(const Move &move) throw(logic_error) {
		if ((move.getSourceCoins() > State.getCoins(move.getSource())) || (move.getTargetCoins() > move.getSourceCoins()))
			throw logic_error("insufficient coins");
		else if ((move.getSource()<0) || (move.getSource() >= heapc))
			throw logic_error("invalid heap");
		else {
			coins[move.getSource()] -= move.getSourceCoins();
			coins[move.getTarget()] += move.getTargetCoins();
		}
	}
	bool winning() const {
		bool flag = true;
		for (int i = 0; i<heapc; i++)
			if (coins[i] != 0)
			{
				flag = false;
				break;
			}
		return flag;
	}

	int getHeaps() const {
		return heapc;
	}
	int getCoins(int h) const throw(logic_error) {
		if (h > heapc)
			throw logic_error("This heap does not exist");
			return coins[h];
	}
	friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const State &state) {
		for (int i = 0; i<state.getHeaps() - 1; i++)
			out << state.getCoins(i) << ", ";
		out << state.getCoins(state.getHeaps() - 1);
		return out;
	}
};

class Move {
private:
	int src, srccoin, trg, trgcoin;
public:
	// Take sc coins from heap sh and put tc coins to heap th.
	Move(int sh, int sc, int th, int tc) {
		src = sh;
		srccoin = sc;
		trg = th;
		trgcoin = tc;

	}
	int getSource() const {
		return src;
	}
	int getSourceCoins() const {
		return srccoin;
	}
	int getTarget() const {
		return trg;
	}
	int getTargetCoins() const {
		return trgcoin;
	}
	friend ostream & operator << (ostream &out, const Move &move) {
		if (move.getTargetCoins() == 0)
			out << "takes " << move.getSourceCoins() << " coins from heap " << move.getSource() << " and puts nothing";
		else
			out << "takes " << move.getSourceCoins() << " coins from heap " << move.getSource() << " and puts " << move.getTargetCoins() << " to heap " << move.getTarget();
		return out;
	}


};