2014-11-17 Evening: reporting speech

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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No evening classes November 26 or December 24 (both Wednesdays).
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If you want a student ID, talk to Ishmael at the front desk to get a photo taken.
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Homework: 37-39 (explanation and exercise)
1 What contributed to women's restlessness and impatience with domesticity was education.
2 It's difficult to judge how important the results from the survey are.
3 I know who can tell parents more about this issue.
4 We can't remember which school admits only boys.
5 Kaminer questions if/whether education produced better mothers but claims (that) it did seem to produce fewer mothers.
6 It's not easy to decide whose opinions are more valuable.
7 Popular feminist wisdom believes (that) coed schools are detrimental to the self-esteem of girls.
8 In her study, M. Elizabeth Tidball explains why disproportionate numbers of women from women's colleges do well.
9 The American Association of University Women reported that the educational system  was not meeting girls' needs.
10 Kaminer wonders if/whether schools are shortchanging girls.
11 Kaminer asks how the researchers measured self-esteem.
12 It's impossible to know what this survey means.
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He said, "I'm sorry." - direct speech, quoted speech
He said (that) he was sorry. - indirect speech, reported speech
He apologized. - summary report

He said, "I'm sorry."
"I'm sorry," he said.
"I am," he said, "very sorry."

Did he say, "I'm going to be late."? (probably not standard)
Did he say, "I'm going to be late," or did he merely suggest it?

"John," he said, "please help your mother with the laundry."
He said, "John, please help your mother with the laundry."

He said, "I'm very sorry. It won't happen again."
"I'm very sorry," he said. "It won't happen again."
"I'm very sorry. It won't happen again," he said.

He asked, "Are you coming?"
"Are you coming?" he asked.
"Stop!" he yelled.
(? and ! can't change to , inside quotation marks.)

Mom said, "Remember to say 'thank you' to the lady."

He said, "No."
She said, "He said, 'No.'"
He said, "She said, 'He said, "No."'"
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	"Are you coming?" asked John.
	"No," she answered. "I have
basketball practice."
	"Okay, then I guess I'll talk
to you tomorrow." John got into his
car and drove away.
- When a new person speaks (and you're using direct speech), start a new paragraph.
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John asked if she was coming. She said that she had basketball practice. John said he would talk to her the next day.

If I (the person reporting this speech) believe that the information is still true and relevant now, I don't need to change any of the tenses.

Ishmael told me, "We won't have class next week Wednesday."
Ishmael told me that we won't have class next week Wednesday.

If the reporting verb is in a present or future tense, never change the tenses.

Everyone says, "It will be colder in January."
Everyone says it will be colder in January.
She will say, "I am too tired."
She will say she is too tired.
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(They said these things in California in 2011.)

1 He said that he had left his jacket there the day before.
simple past -> past perfect
2 The reviewer wrote that Carlin's new book was the funniest thing he had ever read.
simple present -> simple past, present perfect -> past perfect
3 She said that they wouldn't eat it then, but they might have it for lunch the next day.
will -> would, may -> might
4 He advised us that we should take as much water as we could carry.
should -> should, can -> could
5 You told me that you had to get something to eat or you would faint.
must -> had to (must not -> couldn't)
6 CompCo is reporting that demand for new computers in the UK is declining.
("is reporting" means this is happening now, no tense change)
7 She asked if she should get rid of those old boxes in the cupboard. (closet)
shall (when it's about advisability or good ideas) -> should
shall (when it's about what will happen in the future) -> would
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Homework: grammar book p. 149 exercise 5 and p. 151 exercise 7