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  1. 1.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cd ../../etc
  2. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ cat passwd
  3. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/$ cd ../../etc
  4. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ pg -5 /etc/passwd
  5. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
  6. daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  7. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  8. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  9. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  10. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  11. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  12. lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  13. mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
  14. :pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ pg -5 /etc/passwd
  15. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
  16. daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  17. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  18. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  19. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  20. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  21. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  22. lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  23. mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
  24. news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
  25. uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
  26. proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  27. www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
  28. backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
  29. list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
  30. irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  31. gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
  32. nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
  33. systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  34. :pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ pg -5 /etc/passwd
  35. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
  36. daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  37. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  38. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  39. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  40. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  41. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  42. lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  43. mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
  44. news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
  45. uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
  46. proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  47. www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
  48. backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
  49. list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
  50. irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  51. gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
  52. nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
  53. systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  54. systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
  55. systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
  56. systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
  57. syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
  58. _apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  59. messagebus:x:106:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
  60. uuidd:x:107:111::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
  61. lightdm:x:108:114:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false
  62. whoopsie:x:109:117::/nonexistent:/bin/false
  63. avahi-autoipd:x:110:119:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false
  64. avahi:x:111:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false
  65. colord:x:112:123:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false
  66. dnsmasq:x:113:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
  67. hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
  68. kernoops:x:115:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false
  69. pulse:x:116:124:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false
  70. rtkit:x:117:126:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false
  71. saned:x:118:127::/var/lib/saned:/bin/false
  72. usbmux:x:119:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/bin/false
  73. speech-dispatcher:x:120:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false
  74. pk:x:1000:1000:Pracownia Komputerowa,,,:/home/pk:/bin/bash
  75. sshd:x:121:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
  76. postfix:x:122:129::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/false
  77. sbt:x:999:999:sbt daemon-user:/home/sbt:/bin/false
  78. epmd:x:123:132::/var/run/epmd:/bin/false
  79. nvidia-persistenced:x:124:134:NVIDIA Persistence Daemon,,,:/:/sbin/nologin
  80. statd:x:125:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false
  81.  
  82.  
  83.  
  84. 2.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat > plik1.txt
  85. QWERTY
  86.  
  87. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat > plik2.txt
  88. Qwertyy
  89.  
  90. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat plik1.txt plik2.txt> plik3.txt
  91. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat plik1.txt plik2.txt> plik3.txt
  92. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat >> plik3.txt
  93. plik3
  94.  
  95. 3.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ head -q -n5 plik*
  96. QWERTY
  97. Qwertyy
  98. QWERTY
  99. Qwertyy
  100. plik3
  101.  
  102.  
  103.  
  104. 4.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cd ../../etc
  105. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ head -n 5 /etc/passwd | tail -n 3
  106. bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
  107. sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
  108. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  109.  
  110. 5.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ tac /etc/passwd | tail -n 7 | head -n 3
  111. man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
  112. games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
  113. sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
  114.  
  115.  
  116. 6.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ cat /etc/passwd tr -n
  117. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ cat /etc/passwd | tr '\n' ' '
  118. root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false _apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false messagebus:x:106:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false uuidd:x:107:111::/run/uuidd:/bin/false lightdm:x:108:114:Light Display Manager:/var/lib/lightdm:/bin/false whoopsie:x:109:117::/nonexistent:/bin/false avahi-autoipd:x:110:119:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/bin/false avahi:x:111:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/bin/false colord:x:112:123:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/bin/false dnsmasq:x:113:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false hplip:x:114:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false kernoops:x:115:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/bin/false pulse:x:116:124:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/bin/false rtkit:x:117:126:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/bin/false saned:x:118:127::/var/lib/saned:/bin/false usbmux:x:119:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/bin/false speech-dispatcher:x:120:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false pk:x:1000:1000:Pracownia Komputerowa,,,:/home/pk:/bin/bash sshd:x:121:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin postfix:x:122:129::/var/spool/postfix:/bin/false sbt:x:999:999:sbt daemon-user:/home/sbt:/bin/false epmd:x:123:132::/var/run/epmd:/bin/false nvidia-persistenced:x:124:134:NVIDIA Persistence Daemon,,,:/:/sbin/nologin statd:x:125:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false ppszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ cd `
  119.  
  120. 7.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ cd ~
  121. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat > plik.txt
  122. dowolny tekst
  123. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat >> plik.txt
  124. dowolny tekst
  125. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat plik.txt | tr ' ' '\n'
  126. dowolny
  127. tekst
  128. dowolny
  129. tekst
  130.  
  131. 8.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cd ../../etc
  132. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$
  133. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:/etc$ find /etc/ -type f 2>/def/null| wc -l
  134. 1999
  135.  
  136. pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ find /etc/passwd | head -n3 | wc -m
  137. 12
  138. 9.pszmelczynski@linux-p39-2:~$ cat /etc/passwd | head -n3 | wc -m
  139. 117
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