2017-08-31 Grammar: active and passive causatives

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 299 exercise 4 - Choose the correct forms of the verbs for each sentence.
1 ringing
2 ring
3 take (She was sure about it because she watched from beginning to end.)
4 getting
5 riding
6 playing
7 leave
8 burning
9 snapping, falling
10 sitting
11 crying
12 waiting
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Causative Verbs = verbs which show how someone caused another person to do something
1 the other “person” doesn’t want to do it, but they have no choice
	I forced the dog to go outside. / I made the dog go outside.
2 the other didn’t want to, but they are convinced
	I got the dog to go outside by throwing the ball. / I convinced him to go outside.
3 the other doesn’t care, but they are instructed
	I hired a man to paint my house. / I had the dog go outside.
4 the other wants to, and receives permission
	I allowed the dog to go outside. / I let the dog go outside.
5 the other wants to, and needs help
	I helped the dog to go outside. / I helped the dog go outside.
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p. 301 Exercise 6 - Make sentences with the words in the chart and “should” or “shouldn’t”. Then give reasons for your opinion.
example: Parents should let their kids play actively, because vigorous exercise is important.
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exercise 7 - Which words in group B have the same or similar meaning to the words in group A?
let - permit, allow
get - convince, encourage
help - assist
make - force, require
have - employ, hire
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“get” and “convince” mean the person really does the action
“encourage” and “motivate” don’t necessarily mean the person does the action
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p. 303 Passive Causatives: “make” and “help” can be passive with “to”, “let”, “have”, and “get” cannot be passive. Most other causatives (which use “to”) can be passive.
(Remember: passive = [be] + past participle)
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active: Parents shouldn’t make their children go to bed at 6.
passive: Children shouldn’t be made to go to bed at 6.
active: Teachers should help students learn by themselves.
passive: Students should be helped to learn by themselves.
active: Dog owners shouldn’t let pets run around freely.
passive: Pets shouldn’t be permitted to run around freely. (“let” can’t be passive)
active: I should have the students open their books.
passive: The students should be instructed to open their books.
I had the students open their books. -> The students were instructed to open their books.