2018-09-29 Saturday: 8 Weird news

Greg Malivuk
[email protected] (I only check this from school.)
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
Saturday: 8 Weird news
---
If your name is red on the attendance list, first try logging into your student portal (my.staffordhouse.com). Complete the survey there if you just began last week.
---
Homework: handout p. 466-468
D. (Mike, Joe, Ron)
Joe is stronger than Mike.
Mike is the weakest.
Ron is the strongest.
G.
Introduction to Psychology is not as interesting as Murder at Night.
Exercise 23
1 longer than
2 the longest (or second longest)
3 larger than
4 the largest
5 the highest
6 higher than
7 bigger than
8 smaller than
9 the largest
10 bigger than
11 larger than
12 better...than
13 the best
14 more comfortable than, the most comfortable
15 easier than, the easiest
16 worse
Book p. 165
Practice 1
1 isn’t as big as
2 as fast as
3 the biggest
4 less expensive
5 warmer (“warm” is one syllable, so we add -er)
6 hotter
7 smaller than
8 quicker
Practice 2
1 used to live
2 didn’t use to have
3 Did there use to be
4 used to play / The boys would often play...
5 did your father use to work
6 didn’t use to go / She wouldn’t go...
7 used to tell / He would tell me...
8 used to eat / We would eat
---
Adverbs for frequency, certainty, and time go after the first auxiliary/helping verb and before the main verb.
(For this rule, “used to” is a main verb.)
---
Generally, simple past, “used to”, and “would” have almost the same meaning, but there are some important things to remember:
- “used to” means this thing is not true now
	(“didn’t use to” means the thing is true now)
- “would” can only be used for actions that were repeated many times in the past
- “used to” and “would” mean that something was true for a while in the past (not just once)
---
p. 94 - What do you think these things are in the pictures?
---
Vocabulary: the natural world
---
part 2 - With your partner, use the words from the box to complete these sentences.
If you and your partner don’t know a word, look it up in a dictionary (not a translator).
(http://www.learnersdictionary.com is a good one to use if you’re still learning English)
1 Nitrogen, oxygen, atmosphere
2 butterflies, flies, insects
3 Radiation
4 Ants, beetles
5 stem (The similar part of a tree is the trunk.)
6 Particles
7 Predators, species
8 spikes
	(Plants can have spikes, needles, thorns, and spines.)
---
part 4 - Listen to the descriptions and decide if each statement is true or false.
1 F
2 T
3 T
4 T
5 F
6 T
---
part 6 - What do these sentences mean?
They can’t be natural. = (In my mind) it’s impossible that they’re natural.
They must be man-made. = I’m pretty sure that they’re man-made.
This might be a painting or a work of art. = It’s possible that it is a painting.
It may not seem logical. = It’s possible that it does not seem logical.
---
Grammar: Modals for speculation and conclusions (inferences)
- Be careful with modals: almost all of them have at least two different meanings
If you want to get good grades, you must study very hard. - obligation
Wow, you got really good grades. You must study very hard. - inference
- “could” is the same as “may” and “might” = possibility
- “couldn’t” and “can’t” mean impossible, “may not” and “might not” mean possibly not
- “must not” means I’m pretty sure it’s not true. “couldn’t” is stronger than “must not”
---
BREAK
---
p. 95 part 8 - Read the text about arctic terns and write the options that are correct. (Sometimes both choices are correct.)
1 must be
2 both are correct
3 both are correct
4 could mean
5 can’t be
---
Vocabulary: history
---
p. 96 part 1 - Complete the sentences with the words from the box and then ask your partner the questions.
1 ancient / sacred
2 period / century
3 prehistoric (before written history)
4 century
5 sacred
6 society
---
A belief is something you believe.
A tradition is something you do (which has been done for a long time).
We are in the 21st century now, because the first century was the years 1 to 100.
---
Read about the Nazca lines.
What guesses have people made about the Nazca lines?
- They might have been ancient Inca roads or irrigation systems.
- The lines must have been part of an astronomical calendar.
- They could have been landing strips for alien spacecraft.
- The Nazca lines may have been part of a long tradition.
What other sentences are guesses or conclusions about the past?
- Water must have had an incredible significance.
- This must have seemed an astonishing phenomenon.
- The same people can’t have created them.
- The Nazca people couldn’t have seen them from above.
---
Grammar: speculation and conclusions about the past
---
To change a speculation to be about the past, add “have” and the past participle after the modal.
“They might have used this as a bracelet.”
“This might have been used as a bracelet.” (passive voice if the subject is the thing in the picture)

They might have used it to cut meat.
They might have used it for cutting meat.
They might have used it as a knife.
---
“used to” has different meanings:
My sister used to be used to the cold, but then she moved to Florida.
This object used to be used to cut wood, but now we have better materials.
---
1 People might have used it as a fountain.
  People might have used it as a pillow.
  People might have used it for decoration.
- This was a pillow.
2 This might have been used as a brooch.
  It might have been used to knock on the door.
  It could have been a bracelet.
- This was a brooch or clasp to hold clothing.
3 They might have used these for cutting meat.
  They may have used them to cut hair.
  They also might have been used to scrape their teeth.
  They might have been used to make sculptures.
- They were a mirror and razor for shaving.
4 These may have been used as sunglasses.
  They could have been used by hunters to make a sound or to catch animals.
- These were sunglasses / snow goggles.
5 They might have used this as a map.
- This was a map of ocean waves and currents.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8bDCaPhOek - Video explaining how Polynesians navigated.
(The TED-Ed channel has many short videos you can use to practice listening English.)
---
I cried like a baby. = More recently, I cried similarly to how a baby cries.
I cried as a baby. = I cried when I was a baby.
---
p. 98 part 4 - Which words in the box have the same meanings as the bold words in the sentences?
1 funding
2 reveal
3 archive
4 ensure
5 assumption
6 profile
7 identical
8 log
	(“web” + “log” = blog)
---
Homework: unit 7-8 test