2017-10-17 Grammar: adverbial position

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: exercise 2 - put [ ] brackets around each clause in these sentences
“Last night after dinner” isn’t a clause because there’s no verb. It’s an adverbial phrase.
“Last night after we ate dinner” is a clause.
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Note: imperative (command/instruction) sentences have the subject “you”, but we don’t say it.
“Open the door.” is a clause and a complete sentence.
“I want you to open the door.” - Here, “open the door.” is not a clause because it doesn’t include the subject.
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a lady who swallowed a fly - She swallowed a fly. (“who” = “the lady” = subject of the clause)
a man whom she went to school with - She went to school with him. (“whom” = object)
a woman whose dog digs holes - Her dog digs holes. (“whose” = possessive)
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subj 	/ 	obj	/ 	possessive
I 	/ 	me 	/ 	my
you 	/ 	you 	/ 	your
we 	/ 	us 	/ 	our
he 	/ 	him 	/ 	his
she 	/ 	her 	/ 	her
it 	/ 	it 	/ 	its
they 	/ 	them	/ 	their
who 	/ 	whom/	whose
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Order of Adverbials
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Generally, adverbs and adverbial phrases appear in the same order.
(Some adverbs, such as frequency and certainty, go in the verb phrase before the main verb.)
	She will definitely be here tomorrow.
	I have already seen this movie. / I have seen this movie already.
p. 33 shows the typical order of adverbial phrases (individual adverbs usually go near the verb, and clauses go at the very beginning or very end of the sentence)
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p. 35 exercise 4 - Add the adverbial phrases or clauses to the sentences in the correct order.
(Two or more answers are sometimes possible.)
1 Gladstone Gulp goes on a new diet.
  Gladstone Gulp goes on a new diet every few months because he feels heavy.
  Every few months, GG goes on a new diet because he feels heavy.
  Because he feels heavy, GG goes on a new diet every few months.
  Every few months, because he feels heavy, GG goes on a new diet.
2 He uses diet pills.
  He uses diet pills regularly to increase his metabolism.
  (To increase his metabolism,) He regularly uses diet pills (to increase his metabolism).
3 He rides an exercise bicycle.
  He occasionally rides an exercise bicycle very hard to use up calories.
  Occasionally, (to use up calories) he rides an exercise bicycle very hard (to use up calories).
4 He trades diet plans.
  (Sometimes) He (sometimes) trades diet plans with his friend Biff (sometimes).
5 He reads about every new diet.
  He reads carefully about every new diet in magazines whenever he can.
  (Whenever he can,) he (carefully) reads (carefully) about every new diet in magazines (carefully) (whenever he can).
6 He doesn’t follow their directions.
  He doesn’t always (carefully) follow their directions (carefully).
7 He drinks a special vitamin supplement.
  (Usually,) (To make sure he gets proper nutrition,) He (usually) drinks a special vitamin supplement (to make sure he gets proper nutrition).
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Homework: p. 35 exercise 5 - Write sentences about yourself and things you do.