2014-12-02 Structure: adjective clauses

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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p. 196 (reading)
extrovert / introvert
stingy / generous
sensitive: emotional, compassionate
sensible: practical, reasonable, smart
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ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
adjective: gives more information about a noun
clause: a group of words with a subject and a verb

adjective clause: a clause that gives more information about a noun

(adjective clause - more information about 'year')
That was the year when she graduated from high school.

(adverb/time clause - more information about 'met')
I met her when she graduated from high school.

(noun clause - object of 'know')
I don't know when she graduated from high school.
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p. 199

They met a woman who teaches psychology.
Eve read everything that discusses her work.

The woman who teaches psychology is also a writer.
Everything that discusses her work is very positive.

also: Everything which discusses her work is...
      The woman that teaches psychology is...

This is the doctor who(m) we consulted.
		  (We consulted him.)

("To whom it may concern" - object of "to")

This is the man whose wife teaches psychology.
		(His wife teaches psychology.)

he	him	his
who	whom	whose
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Eve read everything which discusses her work.
Eve read everything, which is why she knows so much.
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All of my students who come on time are great.
(I am identifying which students are great. It's not all of them, it's only the few who come on time.)

All of my students, who come on time, are great.
(I am not identifying which students are great. All my students are great. Also they come on time.)

without commas:
identifying, defining, restrictive

with commas (extra information):
non-identifying, non-defining, non-restrictive/unrestrictive
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p. 203 part B
2 who resembles a daisy - I
3 you know - I
4 who started...ago - NI
5 whose energies...alone - I
6 which is why...business - NI
7 whom most people...person - NI
8 which can translate...others - NI
9 who like...adventure - I
Nancy is impatient with detail and routine, which she finds very boring.
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we can remove "that" if it isn't the subject of the clause:

Place people (that) you know into categories.
The books (that) I've read are all very interesting.

People that like being the center of attention are type B.
The books that got wet are ruined.
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we cannot use "that" after a comma (non-identifying):

My textbooks, which got wet in the rain, are ruined.
Comedians, who often like being the center of attention, are type B.
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p. 203 exercise 2
2 which
3 which
4 who
5 who
6 whom
7 who
8 whose
9 -
10 who

subject	object	possessives
I	me	my	mine
you	you	your	yours
we	us	our	ours
they	them	their	theirs
he	him	his	his
she	her	her	hers
it	it	its	(its)
who	who(m)	whose	whose
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I come from a family. The family has eight members.
I come from a family that has eight members.
The family (that) I come from has eight members.

My favorite brother is John. He lives in California.
My favorite brother is John, who lives in California.

Our house has eight bedrooms. Our house is 4 stories high.
Our house, which is 4 stories high, has 8 bedrooms.
Our house, which has 8 bedrooms, is 4 stories high.
(Our eight-bedroom house is four stories high.)
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(appositive)
My father, David, is a retired schoolteacher.
(I have one father, "David" is just extra information.)

My friend Tom is a current schoolteacher.
(I have many friends, "Tom" is necessary to identify which friend I'm talking about in this sentence.)
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Homework: p. 202-3 exercise 1A
	  p. 204 exercise 3
	- first sentence is the main clause
	- second sentence is the adjective clause